金属有机配合物对钛铁矿浮选行为的影响与机理研究

论文以钛铁矿和钛辉石作为研究对象,通过单矿物浮选试验、红外光谱测定、矿物表面药剂吸附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析等试验和测试分析方法,系统地研究了不同金属有机配合物对钛铁矿和钛辉石的作用机理,构建金属有机配合物在矿物表面的吸附模型.结果表明：相比于螯合剂的单独加入,不同金属有机配合物的加入体现出更好的捕收性和选择性,可更好实现钛铁矿和钛辉石在弱碱性条件下的浮选分离.水杨羟肟酸(SHA)以金属有机配合物的方式加入可与羟基化的钛铁矿表面发生强烈的化学吸附并生成Me—O—Me新键,从而显著提高药剂在钛铁矿表面的吸附性能.     

辛基羟肟酸浮选锡石的机理

为探明辛基羟肟酸对锡石的捕收性能及其吸附机理,本文通过单矿物浮选实验,考察了辛基羟肟酸、水杨羟肟酸和苯甲羟肟酸体系中锡石的浮选行为,通过吸附量测定、红外光谱测试、动电位、光电子能谱分析、溶液化学计算研究了辛基羟肟酸对锡石的作用机理.浮选实验结果表明:辛基羟肟酸对锡石的捕收能力明显强于水杨羟肟酸和苯甲羟肟酸,当辛基羟肟酸质量浓度为50mg/L,pH为10左右时,锡石的回收率最高达到91.79%.吸附量测试结果显示:在pH为10时,辛基羟肟酸在锡石表面的吸附量最大为0.23mg/g,与浮选结果一致.XPS分析,Zeta电位和红外光谱测试结果表明:辛基羟肟酸在锡石表面主要发生化学吸附,同时也可能存在物理吸附.辛基羟肟酸的溶液化学计算得出:对锡石浮选起主导作用的是离子-分子缔合物.辛基羟肟酸在锡石表面形成强疏水性的缔合物,可作为锡石的强效捕收剂.     

微山稀土矿选矿工艺研究

本文着重研究了微山稀土矿深部矿石回收氟碳铈镧矿的方法及其工艺特点和浮选规律.在碱性介质中采用L102、水玻璃和铝盐组合药剂,可以使稀土矿同其伴生矿物有效分离,适宜的PH值范围为8.0～9.0.经一次粗选、四次精选获得两种精矿产品,即高品位精矿(REO≥67%)和中品位精矿(REO≥34%).稀土总回收率接近90%.文中还比较了不同结构羟肟酸的浮选效果.     

几种阳离子捕收剂浮选胶磷矿性能比较

为了较好地实现磷矿反浮选脱硅,选取适宜的胺类捕收剂及合理的浮选条件非常关键. 通过单泡管试验,对比研究椰油二胺、工业二胺、十二胺、86D（脂肪一胺）等4种不同胺类捕收剂对胶磷矿的浮选效果. 纯矿物试验结果表明:不同的胺类捕收剂具有不同的浮选性能,在不同的pH值下同一胺类捕收剂的浮选能力不同;在低用量、弱酸性介质中,十二胺对胶磷矿的捕收能力优于椰油二胺、工业二胺,最低是长碳链的一胺86D;在相同pH值条件下,碳链组成相同的脂肪二胺捕收能力强于脂肪一胺,碳链较长的脂肪一胺比碳链短的脂肪一胺捕收能力弱;在酸性介质中胺类捕收剂对胶磷矿的捕收能力比在碱性介质中弱. 实际矿物试验结果表明:胺类捕收剂对磷酸盐和硅酸盐矿物均具有较好的捕收能力;通过改变药剂加入量,调整其选择性,可更好地分离磷矿物与脉石矿物.     

十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷对十二胺浮选铝硅矿物的影响

通过单矿物浮选实验、动电位测定及红外光谱分析,研究了十二胺(DDA)和十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(WD-10)2种浮选药剂对一水硬铝石和高岭石的浮选行为和作用机理.结果表明:在酸性条件下,十二胺单独使用时,高岭石的回收率略高于一水硬铝石,两种矿物的可浮性差异不大,不能有效实现高岭石与一水硬铝石的浮选分离;十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷单独使用时对高岭石和一水硬铝石均无捕收作用;与单用十二胺相比,DDA+WD-10的组合捕收剂对硅酸盐矿物浮选能力强,选择性好.在pH=4～5.5的范围及最佳药剂配比条件下,高岭石回收率在75%以上,而一水硬铝石回收率只有20%左右,能有效实现铝硅矿物的反浮选分离.     

磷矿浮选药剂研究进展

我国磷矿资源丰富,但大多为中低品位沉积型磷块岩,选别难度大. 浮选是磷矿选矿中最主要的分选方法,浮选药剂对浮选指标有着至关重要的影响. 浮选药剂按照所起作用不同分为调整剂、捕收剂、起泡剂三类. 结合近年文献资料分析,发现传统捕收剂存在溶解性差、选择性不强等缺点,提出利用不同药剂分子间协同作用及提高药剂的活性,采用复配及合成方法研发高效低毒、水溶性好、选择性强的抑制剂和捕收剂是实现我国难选性磷矿中与脉石矿物分离的有效途径.     

攀西地区氟碳铈矿选矿工艺研究

氟碳铈矿选矿需要解决两个问题：一是稀土矿物与其伴生矿物钙、钡、锶矿物的分离技术。二是微细粒稀土矿物回收技术。本研究确定的粗——细分选,重——浮联合流程、浮选药方及其与之相适应的浮选工艺以及Ｌ１０２和Ｌ１０８主、付捕收剂混合药方,在ＰＨ＝７．５～８．５范围,加少量水玻璃,可获得高品位,高收率稀土精矿。     

新型煤炭脱硫降灰浮选药剂BET的试验研究

以BET为新型煤炭浮选药剂,用单矿物实验方法,分别对煤,煤系黄铁矿和煤矸石进行脱硫降灰的试验研究,并以煤炭常用浮选药剂GF,FS202作试验对比,结果表明：尽管BET的用量分别是GF,FS202用量的1／10和1／100,但对黄铁矿,煤矸石等捕收性和选择性明显优于GF,FS202,且不受pH条件的影响,与其它3种同系物（AET,DET,HET）在脱硫降灰方面综合比较表明,BET的效果最好,具有用量少,选择性强等优点,是一种应用前景良好的煤炭浮选药剂。     

组合捕收剂对氧化锌矿浮选性能的影响

综合分析辅助药剂苯乙基丙二酸与传统的捕收剂十二胺组合浮选氧化锌矿物.实验研究自变量影响因子——矿浆pH值、温度t、捕收剂和硫化剂用量等对因变量(实验指标上浮率)的影响,并与单一十二胺药剂浮选效果比较,研究探索新型组合药剂使用的优点及其浮选分离性能,筛选实验的最佳浮选工艺及其操作条件.实验表明:组合捕收剂比单一捕收剂对氧化锌矿有更好的捕收性能,尤其是苯乙基丙二酸与十二胺组合,在适宜的操作条件下,即矿浆pH=7,温度t=35℃,硫化钠用量为0.71 g/L,十二胺用量为0.12 g/L,苯乙基丙二酸用量为0.04 g/L,回收率从单一药剂的86.41%提高到94.72%.     

钨矿物浮选药剂新进展

文中在总结前人在钨矿物浮选方面的技术成就的基础上,结合冶炼技术的进步,提出了钨矿浮选药剂新的发展方向．     

Explaining surface interactions for common associated gangues of rare earth minerals in response to the oxalic acid

In the flotation of rare earth minerals(REMs), oxalic acid is reportedly acting both as a depressant and p H modifier. Although results of testing have established the significance of oxalic acid in the flotation process, its specific role in either the recovery or selectivity of REMs over their common gangue minerals is not well understood. Pulp p H reduction trials with alternative acids have not shown the same effect on the REMs recovery or the depression of gangue phases. This work studies the effect of oxalic acid on the surface of common REMs gangue minerals(quartz and carbonates(dolomite and calcite)) in a series of conditioning tests. Gangue surface analyses by time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy(TOFSIMS) indicate that oxalic acid inhibits the transfer of secondary ions generated during the conditioning process from one mineral to another. In this regard, the oxalate anion acts to fix ions in solution through chelation, limiting their participation in surface adsorption.     

Flotation of copper oxide minerals: A review

Copper oxide minerals are important copper resources, which include malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, etc. Flotation is the most widely used method for the enrichment of copper oxide minerals in the mineral processing industry. In this paper, the surface properties of copper oxide minerals and their effects on the mineral flotation behavior are systematically summarized. The flotation methods of copper oxide minerals and the interaction mechanism with reagents are reviewed in detail. Flotation methods include direct flotation (using chelating reagents or a fatty acid as collector), sulfidization flotation (using xanthate as collector), and activation flotation (using chelating reagents, ammonium/amine salts, metal ions, and oxidant for activation). An effective way to realize efficient flotation of copper oxide minerals is to increase active sites on the surface of copper oxide minerals to enhance the interaction of collector with the mineral surface. Besides, various perspectives for further investigation on the efficient recovery of copper oxide minerals are proposed.     

Interactions between bubble and particles of key minerals of diasporic bauxite through the extended DLVO theory

The flotation of diasporic bauxite is to separate diaspore (valuable mineral) from aluminosilicate minerals (gangue minerals, mainly including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite), and the microscopic interaction force between the two types of minerals and air bubbles determines the separation efficiency. In this paper, based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, the van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between particles of the four minerals mentioned above and air bubbles in collectorless solution were calculated first, and then diaspore and kaolinite were taken as examples to analyze the influence of various factors such as electrolyte concentration, mineral particle size, air bubble size, collector type (dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH) and sodium oleate (NaOL)) and concentration, and pulp pH on the interactions between the particles of valuable mineral and gangue minerals and air bubbles. The results showed that the total extended DLVO interactions between the four minerals and air bubbles were repulsive in most cases in collectorless solution. The increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the interaction force or even changed the direction of the force under certain circumstances. The addition of DAH and NaOL can reduce the adhesion energy barrier of kaolinite-bubble and diaspore-bubble respectively. Each type of minerals exhibited a specific interface interaction response with air bubbles in each collector with different pH values. The research results have theoretical guiding significance for the optimization and directional control of diasporic bauxite flotation conditions.     

Flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of fine wolframite with octyl hydroxamic acid

Flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of octyl hydroxamic acid(OHA)on wolframite were investigated through flotation experiments,adsorption tests,zeta-potential measurements,infrared spectroscopy and solution chemistry calculations.Results of flotation and adsorption experiments show that the maximum values of flotation recovery and adsorption capacity occur around p H 9.In term of the solution chemistry calculations,the concentration of metal hydroxamate is greater than that of metal tungstate and metal hydroxyl,and metal hydroxamate compounds are identified to be the main species on wolframite surface at p H region of 8-10,contributing to the increase of OHA adsorption and flotation performance.Results of zeta-potential and IR spectra demonstrate that OHA adsorbs onto wolframite surface by chemisorptions.Hydroxamate ions can bond with Mn_2+/Fe_2+cations of wolframite surface,forming metal hydroxamate compounds,which is a key factor in inducing the hydrophobicity of wolframite under the conditions of maximum flotation.     

细粒难选锐钛矿浮选试验研究

对TiO2品位为10.97%的某细粒复杂难选锐钛矿进行浮选试验研究.研究表明,试样磨矿细度为-0.043 mm占85.96%时,以碳酸钠将pH调至8.5,粗选采用羧甲基纤维素和氟硅酸钠为组合抑制剂,精选采用硫酸铝和淀粉为组合抑制剂,用乙酸铅作活化剂,用苄基胂酸和羟肟酸钠作组合捕收剂,经两次粗选、三次精选的浮选工艺,可得到产率为28.51%、TiO2品位为30.91%、回收率为80.32%的锐钛矿精矿,初步实现了细粒难选锐钛矿的选矿富集,为该矿的进一步深入研究及开发奠定了一定的基础,同时为伴生的V、Cr、Co等稀土元素的综合回收利用提供了一定的参考.研究结果表明：①锐钛矿的可浮性与金红石相似,Pb2＋离子同样是锐钛矿浮选的有效活化剂;②对嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂的难选矿,药剂的组合使用是使目的矿物以连生体的形式浮选富集的有效手段.     

铝硅酸盐矿物浮选中捕收剂的设计合成及浮选机理的研究

铝土矿中脉石主要为高岭石、伊利石和叶蜡石等铝硅酸盐矿物,可以采用反浮选脱硅即通过选用合适的捕收剂将这些脉石矿物浮出.本文针对某铝土矿,结合Curis2软件中的高岭石晶体模型分析,从亲矿物基和非极性基两方面设计合成多胺类捕收剂DN12.通过浮选实验、浮选溶液化学计算、动电位测定和红外光谱测定研究该新型药剂对铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选作用及其机理.该捕收剂相对于常规捕收剂对铝硅酸盐矿物有更好的捕收效果,有效浮选pH区间为4~10.该捕收剂与铝硅酸盐矿物的作用以静电作用为主,同时也有氢键作用,从而增强了对矿物的捕收能力.     

APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY TO MINERAL PROCESSING

The application of microbial technology to mineral processing has been reviewed with respect to the bioleaching of metals from minerals, the influence of biotreatment on flotation, the biobeneficiation of nonmetallic minerals, and the biotreatment for mine waste reclamation.The application of microbial technology to mineral processing has shown the advantages of high efficiency, low energy and reagent consumption, low capital and operating costs, and low pollution of the environment.     

Insight into mineral flotation fundamentals through the DFT method

Flotation is a complex process that occurs in solid–liquid-gas multiphase systems, and its main factors include the minerals, separation medium, as well as various flotation reagents. The study of mineral properties and interactions with other components such as reagents and water lays the basic theoretical foundation for flotation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations can qualitatively evaluate the exchange of matter and energy between the mineral system and the surroundings and quantitatively characterize these behaviors, which greatly expands the breadth and depth of flotation studies. This review systematically summarizes the advances of flotation research based on DFT studies, including the study of mineral crystal chemistry represented by the theory of lattice defects, mineral surface hydration such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, surface regulation mechanism, and collecting mechanism based on surface adsorption theory. More significantly, it systematically elaborates different types of collectors according to their characteristics and emphatically explains the mechanism of some typical collectors in detail.     

几种稀土钨电极焊接5A62铝合金的工艺性能

为了寻求替代钍钨电极的节能环保、焊接性能优异的电极,针对多元稀土钨、钍钨、铈钨3种电极进行了烧损性能测试,并进行了钨极惰性气体(tungsten inert gas,TIG)保护焊实验,结果表明:钍钨电极的抗烧损性能最差,多元电极略优于铈钨电极;焊缝接头的熔深和熔宽与焊接电流和焊接速度等焊接参数有关;采用多元稀土钨电极焊接后,在100~180 A的焊接电流下熔宽均小于铈钨电极和钍钨电极的熔宽;通过比较分析铈钨电极和多元电极焊接接头的显微组织、硬度曲线分布、扫描断口和力学拉伸实验结果,发现多元稀土钨电极的焊接接头力学性能和焊缝成型优于钍钨和铈钨电极,从而可替代钍钨和铈钨电极进行铝合金焊接.     

低碱度下组合抑制剂对铅铁硫化矿的抑制性能及作用机理

纯矿物试验表明，在碱性条件下DS YD对黄铁矿有抑制作用，而对方铅矿则没有抑制作用；人工混合矿物和实际矿石试验结果证实，用石灰调浆到pH=9，组合抑制剂DS YD能有效实现方铅矿和黄铁矿的浮选分离，精矿含Pb57．89％，铅回收率达到84．78％，并且不影响锌的浮选效果．矿物表面黄药吸附量测定结果表明，组合抑制剂对不同矿物表面竞争吸附能力的差异是低碱度矿浆条件下实现有效分选的主要原因．