尼龙6／聚丙烯共混体系研究进展

制备性能优良的尼龙 6 /聚丙烯 (PA6 /PP)共混物 ,需要解决的关键问题是PP在PA6树脂中的分散及界面相容性。近年来 ,PA6 /PP相容性研究主要是引入第三组分作共混物的增容剂。综述了PA6 /PP共混物的最新研究及发展趋势     

用于PA6/PP共混体系的改性聚丙烯相容剂研究进展

论述了用于PA6/PP共混体系的改性聚丙烯相容剂的制备方法及其进展,重点介绍了增韧改性尼龙6相容剂的常用接枝方法。     

Morphology of compatibilized ternary blends of polypropylene,nylon 66, and polystyrene

The morphologies of a ternary blend of nylon 66 and polystyrene in a polypropylene matrix with and without compatibilization by an ionomer resin (for nylon 66) and a styrene‐block‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐block‐styrene (SEBS) copolymer (for polystyrene) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of stained thin sections. The morphology found with the two compatibilizers (a five‐component mixture) was essentially that of the binary blends of nylon 66/polypropylene and of polystyrene/polypropylene with their respective compatibilizers, indicating no gross interference between the two compatibilization systems. However, several interactions were discerned: 1) an association of the polystyrene with the nylon in the compatibilized blends (partial wetting), 2) a presence of larger particles when both compatibilizers were added to the binary blends, and 3) a possible synergism, in which less of each compatibilizer was needed when they were both present. Polym. Eng. Sci. 46:385–398, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Impact strength and elongation‐to‐break of compatibilized ternary blends of polypropylene,nylon 66, and polystyrene

The Izod impact strength and tensile elongation‐to‐break were measured for blends of nylon 66 and polystyrene in a polypropylene matrix with and without compatibilization by an ionomer resin (for nylon 66) and a styrene‐block‐ethylene‐co‐butylene‐block‐styrene copolymer (for polystyrene). With 20% nylon 66 and 20% polystyrene, about 5% of each compatibilizer was optimal. When used together for the ternary blend, there seemed to be little gross interference (or synergism) between the compatibilizers. A comparison between binary blends suggests that what interaction does exists may be synergistic. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1800–1809, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

The phase inversion and morphology of nylon 1010/polypropylene blends

Noncompatibilized and compatibilized blends of nylon 1010/PP blends having five different viscosity ratios were prepared by melt extrusion. Glycidyl methacrylate-grafted-polypro-pylene (PP-g-GMA) was used as the compatibilizer to enbance the adhesion between the two polymers and to stabilize the blend morphology. The effect of the viscosity ratio on the morphology of nylon 1010/polypropylene blends was investigated, with primary attention to the phase-inversion behavior and the average particle size of the dispersed phase. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the phase-inversion composition was investigated as well. Investigation of the morphology of the blends by microscopy indicated that the smaller the viscosity ratio (ηpp/ηpa) the smaller was the polypropylene concentration at which the phase inversion took place and polypropylene became the continuous phase. The compatibilizer induced a sharp reduction of particle size, but did not have a major effect on the phase-inversion point. An improvement in the mechanical properties was found when nylon 1010 provided the matrix phase. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effect of processing conditions and properties of PP/nylon 6 blends

Polypropylene (PP) and nylon 6 were melt blended in a twin screw extruder at different screw speeds using malefic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) as a compatibilizer. Different compositions were injection moulded and the mechanical properties, rheological behaviour and morphology of the resulting blends were studied. The impact strength and tensile strength of PP increased due to the addition of nylon 6 and MA-g-PP acted as a compatibilizer. Mechanical data suggested that blending at higher shear rates-gave better properties. An amount of compatibilizer at the 3 parts level offered optimum properties.     

Micro and nano fibrils from polypropylene/nylon 6 blends

Some previous publications are pointed out to put forward a technique to make fibrils in the range of micro and nano. Blends of polypropylene, nylon 6, and polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer were spun into continuous filaments by a laboratory extruder. In a sample containing 70% nylon 6, 25% polypropylene, and 5% polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride, nylon 6 component that forms the matrix of the blend was dissolved in the solution of formic acid (98%) to leave the other component as micro and/or nanofibrils. The remaining polypropylene fibrils were examined by polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. The extracted fibrils were found to be partially crystalline having melting temperature close to the neat polypropylene. The fibrils have diameter less than one micrometer. The diameter of the fibrils decreases by cold drawing. This particular finding suggests a possibility for making mat containing micro and nanofibers from polypropylene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.     

相容剂对聚丙烯/木粉复合材料的影响

利用相容剂对聚丙烯(PP)/木粉进行改性研究,结果表明,加入相容剂后,PP和木粉的界面相容性得到改善,颗粒引起的应力集中和产生缺陷的几率大大降低,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度、维卡软化温度、加工流动性能和冲击强度均有不同程度的提高。综合复合材料的物理性能,相容剂用量在10份左右最佳。     

Effect of the type of nylon chain‐end on the compatibilization of PP/PP‐GMA/nylon 6 blends

Polyamide and polypropylene (PP) are two important classes of commercial polymers; however, their direct mixing leads to incompatible blends with poor properties. Polypropylene functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (PP‐GMA) was used as a compatibilizer in blends of PP and nylon 6, because of the possible reaction of ? NH₂ and ? COOH groups with the epoxide group of GMA. Two types of nylon 6 with different ratios between ? NH₂ and ? COOH groups were used. The one with higher concentration of ? COOH groups was less compatible with PP in a binary blend. When PP‐GMA was used as a compatibilizer, a better dispersion of nylon in the PP matrix was obtained together with better mechanical properties for both nylons used in this work. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Carpet Recycling: Determining the Reverse Production System Design

Roughly 4 billion pounds of carpet are disposed of in the United States each year. This carpet is composed of a significant fraction of nylon, polypropylene, and polyester fiber. A key limiting factor to recycling is effective design and development of the reverse production system to collect and reprocess this large volume of valuable material. A reverse production system is composed of material and chemical recycling functional elements interconnected by transportation steps. In this article, we develop a mixed-integer programming model to support decision-making in reverse production system design. To illustrate its use and applicability, we apply the model to a representative U.S. carpet recycling industrial case study. The overall economic feasibility of recycling is strongly dependent on the volumes that can be expected from investments in collection infrastructure. The geographic location of processing centers influences the network economics, and the subdivision of recycling tasks to avoid the shipment of low value material is proposed as an effective strategy for carpet recycling.     

Review: Recycling of nylon from carpet waste

Large amounts of post‐consumer carpet are discarded every year. Most of this waste is currently landfilled, while a small percentage is incinerated. The face carpet fibers, consisting primarily of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, represent the majority component in the carpet waste. Recent financial incentives and environmental constraints have motivated the industrial sector to develop recycling strategies for these fibers. Depolymerization into their constituent monomers is the most complex recycling route, but at the same time it produces the most valuable product. A second alternative involves the use of solvents for the extraction of carpet fiber components in their polymeric form. Finally, a third recycling option yields thermoplastic mixtures by melt blending the carpet waste. The recent literature on the recycling of nylon from carpet waste is reviewed in this paper. The paper also includes a section focusing on the current state of carpet recycling at the Industrial level.     

聚酰胺增韧改性研究进展

综述了国内外聚酰胺增韧改性的研究状况 ,包括添加聚烯烃、工程塑料、无机刚性粒子增韧和尼龙之间的自增韧 ,其中聚烯烃弹性体增韧应用得最为广泛 ,但需要一定的相容剂 ,工程塑料增韧和尼龙之间的自增韧可以得到较理想的效果 ,而无机刚性粒子增韧是一种较新的增韧方法 ,它可以在提高韧性的同时 ,使拉伸强度得到提高。同时阐述了与不同的增韧改性方法相对应的增韧机理     

Compatibilization of nylon 6/liquid crystalline polymer blends with three types of compatibilizers

Polyblends of nylon 6 and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) (Vectra A 950) are immiscible and highly incompatible, with resultant poor interfacial adhesion, large phase domains, and poor mechanical properties. In the present work, compatibilizing strategies are put forward for blends containing nylon and LCP. Effects of three types of compatibilizers, including ionomer Zn–sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), reactive copolymer styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA), functional grafted copolymers—polypropylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate (PP‐g‐GMA) and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH)—are studied in the aspects of morphology and dynamic mechanical behavior. The addition of compatibilizers decreases the domain size of the dispersed phase and results in improved interfacial adhesion between LCP and matrix. The compatibilization mechanism is discussed by way of diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), showing the reaction between compatibilizers and matrix nylon 6. Mechanical properties are improved by good interfacial adhesion. The contribution of SMA to mechanical properties is more obvious than that of Zn‐SPS and grafted PPs used. The blending procedure is correlated with the improvement of mechanical properties by the addition of compatibilizer. Two‐step blending is demonstrated as an optimum method to obtain composites with better mechanical properties as a result of a greater chance for LCP to contact the compatibilizer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1452–1461, 2003     

Recycling Carpet Waste by Injection and Compression Molding

Studies have been carried out to convert carpet waste into valued products. Two common processes, injection and compression molding, can be used to recycle carpet waste. Three types of carpet waste have been recycled: (1) edge trim from carpet manufacturing, (2) polypropylene shear lint from cutting tufted carpet loops, and (3) separated polypropylene from postconsumer carpet waste. For injection molding, shredded carpet waste was debulked, ground, dried, and molded. For compression molding, the recycled carpet waste was combined with glass mat reinforcement. The compression-molding process consists of debulking, stacking with glass mats, and consolidation. The mechanical testing results are encouraging. The injection-molded samples showed properties acceptable for many applications. The glass-mat-reinforced carpet waste made by compression molding had properties comparable to commercial virgin thermoplastics reinforced with glass mat.     

尼龙6增韧研究进展

综述了用聚烯烃、橡胶弹性体、无机刚性粒子及ABS等对尼龙6进行增韧的研究进展情况，其中以聚烯烃、橡胶弹性体的应用最为广泛，但需要一定的相容剂；而无机刚性粒子增韧则是一种较新的增韧方法，可以在提高材料韧性的同时，提高材料的拉伸强度；ABS与尼龙6共混可获得较理想的综合性能。     

Comparison of carboxylated and maleated polypropylene as reactive compatibilizers in polypropylene/polyamide‐6,6 blends

Using reactive extrusion, polypropylene is functionalized with maleic anhydride and compared on an equimolar basis to polypropylene that is functionalized with an asymmetric, carboxylic acid containing peroxide. The grafting efficiency for the asymmetric peroxide is double that obtained for the maleic anhydride system. Moreover, the asymmetric peroxide yields a functionalized material with minimal molecular weight degradation and desirable mechanical properties, relative to maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene. In compatibilized blends of polypropylene and nylon 6,6, the polypropylene that was functionalized with the asymmetric peroxide is found to be an improved compatibilizer compared to that of maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene. The differences in mechanical properties of the two different functionalized polypropylene materials and their respective blends are rationalized on the basis of the grafting efficiency, molecular weight degradation during reactive extrusion, and effect of free functional species on the ability to form graft copolymers in compatibilized blends. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2398–2407, 2001     

Properties and preparation of compatibilized nylon 6 nanocomposites/ABS blends using functionalized metallocene polyolefin elastomer. I. Impact properties

The impact behaviors of nanoclay‐filled nylon 6 (nano‐nylon 6) blended with poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) terpolymers (ABS) prepared through a twin screw mixing process were investigated here using metallocene polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (POE‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer to enhance the interface interaction. No clear effect of compatibilizer on the dispersion of clay and crystalline structure of nano‐nylon 6 has been observed. In view of morphology and rheological behaviors, the effect of compatibilizer on the mechanical properties could be elucidated. It is found that impact strength increases with the addition of compatibilizer at various ABS compositions. Similar effects are also observed with decreasing test temperature at the nano‐nylon 6/ABS blend composition of 80/20. As for thermal properties, the heat distortion temperature shows a marginal decrease in the nano‐nylon 6/ABS blends. Rheological behavior indicates that increased viscosity is found for the investigated compatibilized systems. Through morphology observations, the etched ABS particle sizes tend to decrease with the addition of compatibilizer for the blends, but are larger with higher contents of ABS concentrations. Those observations account for impact behaviors of the investigated blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1364–1371, 2006     

共混型阻隔容器专用料配方及成型工艺的研究

将高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、相容剂、尼龙以及其他助剂以适当配比干混后,在普通吹塑成型机上制得具有阻隔性能的中空制品。通过对制品阻隔性能、机械性能及制品剖面扫描电子显微照片的分析,研究了成型工艺、相容剂与尼龙的配混比例以及尼龙加入量对制品性能的影响。     

Composite materials prepared from waste textile fiber

Composite materials were prepared utilizing whole carpet and LDPE. The addition of compatibilizers during processing was shown to provide an improvement in the mechanical performance of such materials. It is believed that the addition of a reactive compatibilizer to the system increases both the compatibility between components of the composite material and interfacial interactions, through chemical reactions between functional groups on the compatibilizer and the surface of the carpet fibers under the processing conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3178–3185, 2001     

新型热塑性弹性体增韧尼龙6的研究

采用双螺杆共混挤出法,研究了新型热塑性弹性体(TPE)作为增韧剂对尼龙6的增韧作用,分析了相容剂、增韧剂型号、尼龙6粘度、增韧剂与相容剂的含量及其质量比等因素对共混物性能的影响。