服役中P92钢的力学性能和显微结构研究

研究了服役中的电厂机组主蒸汽管道用P92钢的力学性能和显微组织。结果表明,P92钢的室温拉伸性能符合ASME SA335 P92对P92钢的规定;而600℃下的拉伸结果符合GB5310-2008中相近牌号10Cr9MoW2VNbBN的标准。P92钢小尺寸试样的冲击吸收能都大于80 J。P92钢为板条马氏体组织,有M23C6型碳化物析出相,其冲击断口的纤维区为韧性断裂。     

超超临界机组用P92钢高温服役8000h后显微组织与韧性

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪和冲击试验研究了运行了8000 h的1000 MW超超临界机组主蒸汽管道P92钢的显微组织和韧性。结果表明,主蒸汽管道P92钢在600℃服役8000 h后,显微组织呈现大量析出相分布于马氏体基体之上的形貌,析出相除了供货状态(正火+高温回火)存在的MX相以及M23C6相之外,还有时效后在原奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界处产生的Laves相;运行8000 h后,P92钢的韧性明显地下降,这主要与Laves相的析出和粗化有关。     

Fe-Cr-Ni-Al-Mo-Si铁素体钢的组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析和X-射线衍射仪研究了Fe-Cr-Ni-Al-Mo-Si钢铸态及热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,试验钢铸态显微组织主要由铁素体基体、沿晶界分布的奥氏体及大小为430～480 nm均匀分布的立方状Ni Al相和分布在Ni Al相上的细小球状Ni Al相组成;经1200℃×0. 5 h空冷固溶处理后在空冷过程中析出大小为50～100 nm弥散分布的球状Ni Al相;固溶处理后再在750、1000℃时效处理1 h,Ni Al相较固溶态粗化,1000℃时效后在铁素体上有奥氏体相析出;拉伸结果表明:在固溶和750℃时效条件下,试验钢无室温韧性,在1000℃时效后由于奥氏体相的析出其室温韧性和规定塑性延伸强度明显提高,抗拉强度值达到了1096 MPa,规定塑性延伸强度为860 MPa;在700℃/150 MPa条件下的蠕变试验表明,固溶态试验钢的稳态蠕变速率最低,达到了6. 83×10-12s-1,然而,奥氏体相的析出并不能有效提高其抗蠕变性能。     

淬火温度对690MPa级大型石油储罐用钢板组织与性能的影响

利用SEM、TEM和力学性能检测等方法研究了850℃,900℃,930℃不同淬火温度对690 MPa级石油储罐用钢板组织与性能的影响.结果表明,850℃淬火和630℃回火后组织为铁素体和同火贝氏体,且随淬火温度升高钢板组织中铁素体逐渐减少至消失;回火后的析出物主要有板条内部析出的Ti、Nb、V(C,N)相和晶界上析出的Cr、Mn、Mo、V的碳化物,V(C,N)化合物有晶内析出和晶界析出两种方式.随淬火温度升高,第二类碳化物聚集明显降低,930℃淬火和630℃回火后的析出物分布细小弥散,从而提高钢板的韧性.因此,试验钢板经930℃淬火和630℃回火后,综合性能最佳,其抗拉强度为755 MPa,屈服强度为684 MPa,伸长率为23.2%,-20℃冲击功为207 J.     

长期时效对GH4586B合金750℃和510MPa持久性能的影响

研究了新型镍基GH4586B合金750 ℃下长期时效1500 h对组织及750 ℃和510 MPa持久性能的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析合金长期时效中的显微组织和750 ℃和510 MPa持久断口变化.结果表明,GH4586B在高温时效中未发现有害TCP相析出,晶界和晶内均析出碳化物,晶界析出碳化物呈弥散的颗粒状,并随时效时间的延长颗粒尺寸有增大的趋势,析出量亦不断增加;合金在750 ℃和510 MPa下的持久性能主要受晶界碳化物析出的影响,在750 ℃时效1500 h后750 ℃和510 MPa持久时间达到最大值,塑性相应最低;通过持久断口的形貌分析,合金750 ℃和510 MPa持久断裂具有韧性断裂特征.     

蒸汽轮机用Waspaloy叶片材料长期时效组织及力学性能

研究了Waspaloy合金在标准热处理状态下,700℃长期时效过程中的组织和力学性能变化。结果表明,长期时效过程中Waspaloy合金析出相主要为MC型碳化物,M23C6型碳化物和γ'相,时效过程中并未发现有害TCP相。M23C6型碳化物在晶界呈链状分布,长期时效过程中其大小、分布基本不变,稳定性良好;γ'相在时效100 h后充分析出,尺寸随时效时间延长而长大,γ'粗化规律符合L-S-W理论,5000 h时效后γ'相形貌仍然为球形。时效100 h合金强度有小幅上升,随后随时效时间延长合金强度变化不大。     

P92钢管高温持久试验及组织演变研究

在不同温度下,对P92钢管进行高温持久试验,并根据试验数据外推出其在625 ℃/105 h的持久强度为103.8 MPa,说明P92钢管具有优异的高温持久性能.分析了P92钢管的金相组织及在高温下的组织演变情况.分析认为,由于P92高温持久试样长时间处于高温环境,马氏体板条发生粗化,板条内位错密度降低,析出相M23C6...     

T92钢700℃高温时效组织与性能

对T92钢在700℃,时间为200、500、800、1000 h的高温时效处理后材料的显微组织和力学性能(包括拉伸性能、冲击性能和硬度)进行研究,同时与供货态T92钢的性能和组织进行比较。试验结果表明,T92钢在700℃时效过程中,强度和硬度值均有所下降,但下降幅度不大;而冲击吸收能量显著下降,和原始试样相比,时效1000 h后,冲击能量下降约26%。显微组织观察结果表明,时效过程中T92钢仍保持马氏体板条形貌,但随着时效时间的延长,马氏体板条宽化,且有亚晶出现。交货态显微组织中的析出相类型主要为M23C6型碳化物,时效过程中,M23C6型碳化物晶界析出并长大,是冲击吸收能量下降的主要因素,MX相在时效过程中数量增加但粗化不明显,时效500 h后Laves相析出,但数量很少,在时效后期有所粗化,数量没有增加。     

P92钢时效的Laves相演化行为

对P92钢进行650℃,0~8000h时效实验,采用SEM-BSE和定量金相技术对Laves相的体积分数、平均直径和数量密度进行定量,研究了Laves相的析出和粗化动力学特性,评估了Laves相演化对蠕变强度的影响.结果表明,Laves相在时效0~2000 h内析出,优先在晶界析出长大,最终析出时的体积分数约为0.95%.Laves相粒子在时效3000 h后明显聚集粗化,粗化速率明显快于M23C6碳化物的原因是由于晶界扩散机制的作用.Laves相在1000~3000 h内具有最佳的析出强化效果,超过3000 h后由于显著粗化使沉淀强化作用明显下降.由于体积分数小和热稳定性差,Laves相的强化作用远小于M23C6型碳化物.     

回火保温时间对A-100钢力学性能和组织的影响

采用力学性能测试、显微组织观察和断口失效分析等方法研究了回火保温时间对淬火+深冷处理后的A-100超高强度钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,A-100超高强度钢482 ℃回火时在板条马氏体晶界上会析出逆转变奥氏体,马氏体周围析出M₂C型碳化物,且随回火保温时间增加,逆转变奥氏体数量增多、分散更均匀,马氏体晶粒尺寸有所增大;回火保温时间从5 h增加到8 h,规定塑性延伸强度从1890 MPa降低到1728 MPa,下降约8.57%;抗拉强度从2045 MPa降低到1988 MPa,下降约2.78%;而断裂韧性却从98.75 MPa·m^1/2上升到114.3 MPa·m^1/2,增加约15.74%。增加回火保温时间,冲击断口的韧窝区面积降低,平均韧窝区面积约占总断口面积由回火保温5 h的86.2%降到回火保温8 h的70.1%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.