高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿合理炉料结构的研究

合理的炉料结构是高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿最重要的内容之一.本文基于现场生产条件,在保证炉渣二元碱度、焦比、煤比等不变的条件下,进行不同碱度钒钛烧结矿和不同球团比例的综合炉料软熔滴落的试验,研究了高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的合理炉料结构.结果表明,随着综合炉料中烧结矿碱度的提高和球团比例的增加,综合炉料的软化开始温度T4基本不变,软化终了温度T40升高,软化区间（T40-T4）变宽;综合炉料的熔化开始温度TS逐渐升高,熔化终了温度TD逐渐上升,熔化区间TD-Ts明显收窄,综合炉料的透气性能明显改善;同时初铁中V、Cr含量增加,V、Cr收得率明显提高.因此,在一定的范围内,提高综合炉料中钒钛烧结矿的碱度和球团比例,有利于高炉冶炼钒钛矿合理炉料结构的形成.     

高炉炉料配加热压含碳球团软熔滴落性能的试验研究

 以常用的炼铁原料为基础,系统研究了配加不同比例的热压含碳球团对高炉炉料的软熔滴落性能的影响,并进行了理论分析。研究表明,配加热压含碳球团对高炉综合炉料的软化区间、熔化区间、滴落率和透气性等软熔滴落性能参数有显著的影响。随着热压含碳球团配比的增加,软化区间t40-t4逐渐变宽;熔化区间tD-tS逐渐变窄,熔化开始温度tS逐渐升高,滴落温度tD逐渐降低;滴落率先增加后降低,当配比为40%时,滴落率最高,为6710%;最高压差先下降后升高,但在配加热压含碳球团条件下,炉料的最高压差都有所降低。从综合炉料的软熔滴落性能综合考虑,高炉炉料配加热压含碳球团的适宜配比应为40%~50%。     

球团矿中MgO含量对炉料熔滴性能的影响

球团矿带入适宜的MgO可以提高炉渣的冶金性能,有利于高炉冶炼。为了探究球团矿MgO含量对高炉炉料性能的影响,在全球团冶炼的条件下,以高炉终渣成分为依据进行配料,利用高温熔滴炉检测球团矿不同w(MgO)时高炉初渣性质、炉料软熔滴落性能的变化情况。试验结果表明,随球团矿w(MgO)升高,初渣中未矿化的MgO明显增多,软化结束温度升高,软化温度区间变宽,炉料软化性能变差。当球团矿w(MgO)大于1.01%后初渣熔点升高,导致熔化特征温度升高,熔化带位置向高温区移动,熔化温度区间变窄,熔化带透气性提高;炉料的软熔带温度区间由229 ℃升高至269 ℃,软熔带增厚,炉料整体透气性变差。由于初渣中w((MgO))随之增加,初渣黏度升高,炉料最大压差和熔滴性能特征值增大。因此,在试验范围内,随球团矿w(MgO)升高,高炉炉料的软熔滴落性能恶化,渣铁分离变差,不利于高炉顺行。     

萤石和氧化镁对含钒钛高炉炉料熔滴性能的影响

利用高温熔滴炉模拟实际高炉软熔带的运行情况,探讨CaF2和MgO加入炉料后,对钒钛高炉炉料透气性、软熔带厚度、压差陡升温度、软熔区间、熔融区间等炉料高温物理性能的影响;为改善软熔带透气性,找出高炉合适软熔带位置,从而达到解决利用钒钛磁铁矿带来的不利影响的目的,为提高高炉强化冶炼目的提供重要依据。结果表明:炉料中添加萤石后对软化开始温度基本无明显影响,但使软化温度区间变窄,初渣带位置形成过早,软熔带厚度、最大压差、总特性值都升高。MgO的加入使软化开始温度升高,软化温度区间变窄,说明MgO的加入使软熔带位置下移,软熔带变薄。     

烧结矿MgO含量对含钒钛炉料熔滴性能影响

利用高温熔滴炉模拟实际高炉软熔带的运行情况.探讨在承钢炉现有炉料结构条件下,炉料中不同Mg O含量对含钒钛高炉炉料软化温度、熔化温度、最大压差、熔滴综合指标等高温物理性能的影响.结果表明：Mg O质量分数由1.92％增加到2.40％后,炉料的软化温度无明显变化;炉料的滴落温度td 升高,熔化温度区间Δtds增大;炉料的最大压差ΔPmax升高,炉料透气性变差;炉料熔滴的总特性值S增大,熔滴性能变差.     

高炉富氢对钒钛矿软熔滴落性能的影响

高炉富氢冶金是降低高炉能耗与碳排放重要途径,研究了富氢还原对钒钛矿软熔滴落过程的影响,并采用历程中断法分析表征了钒钛矿渣铁形成过程中的还原度与初渣渣量的变化。研究结果表明,钒钛矿的软熔收缩行为与其还原过程密切相关,富氢还原失氧率加快使钒钛矿500～900℃的还原膨胀有所加剧,温度小于1 100℃时,FeO的大量生成使钒钛矿中低温收缩变形率增加,温度为1 100℃时,H₂的还原速率是CO还原速率的8倍,逐渐增厚的铁壳及初渣熔点的升高导致钒钛矿的熔融滴落温度升高。富氢率为10%时,高炉初渣渣量由接近900 kg/t降低到460 kg/t左右,初渣渣量减少将近1/2,接近终渣渣量,这将使煤气阻力损失明显降低,大大改善高炉软熔滴落带的透气性。同时富氢还原减少了高温条件下钒钛矿中FeO与钛铁矿FeTiO₃、钛铁晶石Fe₂TiO₄等含钛矿物的相互结合与耦合反应,促进了软熔带渣铁的分离,有效减少了炉腹泛液现象。冶炼钒钛矿高炉富氢后软熔带位置下移、厚度减薄,尤其是透气性最差的熔融区间变窄、透气性增加,这表明冶炼钒钛...     

钒钛磁铁矿的还原、软化和滴落特性的研究

本文在多孔型物质气——固相反应数学模型和试验的基础上,确定了钒钛磁铁矿烧结矿和普通烧结矿的还原速度,软化开始、终了温度和滴落温度。研究探讨了钒钛矿的难熔性及其对高炉内软熔带、滴落带生成的影响。论述了钒钛矿的初渣铁对焦炭有较强的润湿性。指出了改善高炉下部炉料透气性的重要意义。     

冶炼钒钛矿高炉富氢非等温还原行为及合适富氢率的探讨

高炉富氢是降低高炉能耗与碳排放重要途径,为确定高炉合适富氢率,研究了不同富氢率条件下钒钛矿的软熔滴落过程,并采用历程中断法分析了钒钛烧结矿、球团矿的非等温还原行为。研究结果表明,高炉富氢改善了钒钛矿还原条件,随煤气富氢率的增加,钒钛烧结矿、球团矿的还原度升高,尤其是高温条件下,煤气富氢率对还原的影响更为明显,初渣中FeO含量减少,初渣渣量降低,冶炼钒钛矿高炉富氢后软熔带位置下移,厚度减薄,尤其是透气性最差的熔融区间变窄,透气性增加;由于物理形貌和结构特征的不同,钒钛烧结矿与球团矿的还原速率随富氢率的增加表现出不同的变化趋势,富氢后钒钛烧结矿的还原速率在900～1 000℃达到最大值,而钒钛球团矿的还原速率随温度的增加呈增加趋势。高炉富氢恶化了钒钛矿非等温还原过程的粉化指标,适当减小炉身角可缓解富氢高炉块状带钒钛矿还原粉化现象。当煤气中富氢率以5%幅度增加时对钒钛矿非等温还原和软熔滴落性能的影响是不同的,富氢率由0增加到5%时的影响最大,其次是由5%增加到10%,富氢率超过10%时对钒钛烧矿的还原及软熔滴落行为影响较小,综合考虑还原气体富氢率对钒钛矿非温度还原、软熔滴落性能和软熔带分布的...     

预还原含铁炉料在高炉内的软熔滴落行为

 试验考察不同金属化率、不同碳含量下预还原含铁炉料软熔滴落特性。结果表明：与未还原含铁炉料相比,预还原含铁炉料的软化温度区间或软熔温度区间虽然较大,但温度区间内的料柱压差较小;熔滴温度区间内,熔化开始温度随着金属化率的增加而升高,滴落温度随铁水碳含量的增加而降低,料柱的最大压差随着金属化率的增加而减小;软熔滴落性能特征值（SD）随着金属化率和碳含量的增加而减小。由此推测,高炉使用具有一定碳含量的预还原含铁炉料将有利于增大软化层空隙、降低熔融层厚度,从而改善软熔带的透气性。     

高炉和欧冶炉条件下钒钛炉料软熔行为对比

钒钛磁铁矿是一种具有重大经济价值和战略意义的矿产资源。目前，它的主流冶炼工艺——高炉-转炉法存在生产能耗高、操控难度大、资源利用率不高等问题，亟需开发新一代钒钛磁铁矿有价元素分离和提取工艺。欧冶炉是基于COREX工艺优化改造后的熔融还原炼铁技术，具有纯O₂喷吹、料柱载荷小等钒钛磁铁矿冶炼的潜在优势。在实验室分别模拟了高炉和欧冶炉的冶炼条件，对比分析了钒钛炉料在2种条件下的软化、熔滴行为差异。结果表明，欧冶炉条件下钒钛炉料由于承受载荷小，高温软化收缩速率慢，在1 450℃时仍维持良好形态，熔滴区间比高炉条件下减小了79℃。高炉条件下钒钛炉料压差曲线由于渣铁熔化和炉渣泡沫化出现2次陡升，呈现“双升型”特征，而欧冶炉条件下炉料压差呈现“单升型”特征，熔化至滴落期间料层压差未见明显增加。高炉和欧冶炉条件下的钒钛炉料在高温区(滴落带)均出现了炉渣泡沫化现象，但欧冶炉的无N₂还原气氛抑制了高熔点相Ti(C,N)的生成，欧冶炉条件下TiC理论生成温度为1 481℃;高炉条件下Ti(C,N)理论生成温度仅为1 219℃。证实了欧冶炉工艺条件提高了钒钛炉料的料...     

Fundamental Study on Carbon Composite Iron Ore Hot Briquette Used as Blast Furnace Burden

Carbon composite iron ore hot briquette (CCB) is the product of fine iron ore and fine coal by hot briquetting process, which attracts more and more attention as a new type of ironmaking raw materials aiming to improve the operation efficiency and reduce the coke consumption of blast furnace. This paper is devoted to experimental study on metallurgical properties of CCB and numerical simulation of the BF operation with CCB charging. At first, the metallurgical properties of CCB, including cold crushing strength, RDI, RSI, reducibility, high temperature strength, and softening and dripping are experimentally tested and compared with the common burdens, which revealed that the CCB possesses the required metallurgical properties and is suitable to use as the blast furnace burden. Then, the effects of charging CCB on the dripping properties of comprehensive burdens are elucidated based on the experiments under simulated blast furnace conditions. The results showed that the maximum charging ratio of CCB in the iron burdens is 40%–50% for achieving appropriate dripping properties of the mixed burdens. Finally, a multi‐fluid blast furnace model is used to simulate BF operation with CCB charging. According to model simulations, charging CCB will cause the temperature level to decreases in the furnace and the location of the cohesive zone shifts downward. On the other hand, the productivity tends to increase while coke rate and total reducing agent rate decrease, the heat efficiency improves remarkably and the operation performance of BF is effectively enhanced.     

Qi式炉顶装置的设计与研究

“Ｑｉ”式炉顶集中心加焦,矿焦混装和矿焦层装三项装料于一体,用其装料,可实现高炉料柱中的焦炭呈“塔松”状充填结构分布,形成高大的倒Ｖ型软熔带,确保足够,稳定的中心煤气流和较为理想的煤气分布,以达到强化冶炼,改善各项技术经济指标和延长高炉一代寿命等目的。     

Softening and Melting Behavior of Mixed Burden for Oxygen Blast Furnace

 The behaviors of mixed burden in the cohesive zone of oxygen blast furnace were studied by softening and melting tests, and the influence of reducing gas and burden basicity on the softening and melting behaviors of mixed burden was also investigated. The results indicated that the softening range became wide, however, the melting range narrowed sharply in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace. The permeability of burden in the oxygen blast furnace was obviously improved comparing with the conventional blast furnace. In addition, the content of sulphur in the dripping iron of oxygen blast furnace was much lower than that of conventional blast furnace, however, the content of carbon increased. An optimum basicity of burden, which could lead to the appearance of the narrower melting range and better permeability of burden, was obtained in the atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace.     

Softening and Melting Behavior of Ferrous Burden under Simulated Oxygen Blast Furnace Condition

The softening and melting behavior of sinter,pellet and mixed burden was researched through high temperature reaction tests under load simulating traditional blast furnace(T-BF)and oxygen blast furnace(OBF)conditions.The results indicated that compared with T-BF,the softening zone of sinter and pellet became wide,but the melting zone became narrow in OBF.The permeabilities of both sinter and pellet were improved in OBF.Under the condition of OBF,the temperature of softening zone of mixed burden was increased by 63 K,but the temperature of melting zone was decreased by 76 K.Therefore,the permeability of material layer was significantly improved.This was mainly caused by the change of the melting behavior of pellet.In addition,the quality of dripping iron in OBF was much better than that of T-BF.     

烧结矿碱度对综合炉料交互反应的影响

以不同碱度的烧结矿及烧结矿与块矿的混合矿为研究对象,利用荷重软化熔滴装置,考察了烧结矿碱度对综合炉料软熔性能及不同炉料间交互作用的影响。研究发现:随着烧结矿碱度增加,炉料结构中块矿的质量配加比例提高,炉料间的交互作用增强,主要表现为综合炉料软化开始温度及熔融开始温度降低,混合炉料的透气性得到改善。炉料结构的变化使矿物间的交互反应随着烧结矿碱度的提高而增强,进而导致液相成分发生改变,降低了初渣物相熔点,而烧结矿碱度过高时会恶化料柱的透气性。同时通过扫描电子显微镜?能量色散谱仪(SEM?EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)精修表征整个还原过程烧结矿物相变化,渣相中主要物相为浮氏体和硅酸钙,随着烧结矿碱度增加,在不同断点2CaO·SiO₂的含量呈现降低趋势,表明烧结矿还原过程生成的高熔点物相随之降低,综合炉料的液相生成温度随之降低,炉料间交互作用增强。因此,适当提高烧结矿碱度,提高块矿入炉的质量配比,利于高炉的强化冶炼。      

碳铁复合低碳炼铁炉料制备与应用研究

在未来相当长一段时期内，高炉-转炉流程仍是钢铁生产的主导流程。高炉炼铁是钢铁工业节能减排的关键环节。碳铁复合炉料新技术是当前最可能实现的低碳高炉炼铁技术。阐明了高炉使用碳铁复合炉料低碳冶炼的原理，系统研究了碳铁复合炉料的制备、冶金性能优化、对含铁炉料还原过程的影响以及对高炉综合炉料熔滴性能的影响及其机理，形成了完整的竖炉法碳铁复合炉料制备和应用技术。结果表明，碳铁复合炉料制备工艺优化条件为15%铁矿B、55%烟煤A、10%烟煤B、20%无烟煤C，压块温度为300℃，1000℃炭化4h，此条件下碳铁复合炉料抗压强度达4970N，反应性为61. 08%，反应后强度达51. 23%；混装10%碳铁复合炉料，1100℃还原时球团还原率提高7. 69%；随着碳铁复合炉料添加量的增加，综合炉料软化区间从206. 3℃增加到218. 9℃，熔化区间从171. 1℃降低到124. 8℃，滴落率先升高后降低，透气性改善，综合炉料中碳铁复合炉料添加量不宜超过焦炭的30%。     

Fundamental research on iron coke hot briquette – A new type burden used in blast furnace

In order to improve blast furnace efficiency, reduce CO₂ emission and accelerate energy utilisation, a new preparation process of iron coke hot briquette (ICHB) based on the raw materials conditions in China, a new type blast furnace ironmaking burden, was experimentally investigated in this paper. The new preparation process was researched and optimised through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. Meanwhile, the reactivity and the post-reaction strength of ICHB prepared under the optimised conditions were tested and the effect of ICHB on the thermal performance of conventional coke was researched. In addition, softening and dripping properties of mixed burden with optimised ICHB charging was simultaneously investigated. The results showed that the optimised preparation parameters of ICHB include 15% iron ore, 65% bituminous coal, 350°C hot briquetting temperature, 1100°C carbonisation temperature and 4 hours carbonisation time. The reactivity and the post-reaction strength of ICHB prepared under the optimisation conditions are 62.4 and 10.6%, respectively. ICHB has protective effect on conventional coke and the protective effect is more obvious with 10% ICHB adding. With the increase of ICHB charging ratio, softening interval T₄₀–T₄ of mixed burden is widened while melting interval T_D–T_S (namely cohesive zone) is narrowed. Additionally, the permeability of mixed burden becomes better and dripping ratio is first increased then decreased. The suitable charging ratio of ICHB in mixed burden is about 30%.