需求管理关键过程域的度量

GQM(Goal-Question-Metric)模型是一种面向目标的定义度量的方法,在软件度量中被广泛采用。文章利用GQM方法,对CMM二级中的关键过程域“需求管理”过程域进行了研究,提出了三个度量目标并介绍了各度量目标下的问题和度量。     

基于GQM模型的软件项目进度的度量过程

把QGM(Quality Goal Metric)模型引入到软件项目进度的度量过程中，使得软件过程的进度具有可控性、可测性。介绍了GQM模型，并且基于一个实际的甘特图实例，给出了详细的GQM度量计划、度量构造，最后得出相应的度量指示器，分析、总结度量结果。     

面向国内中小软件企业的软件度量框架及其研究

现有的软件度量框架大多是面向大型软件企业的,不适合中小软件企业应用。在分析国内中小软件企业特点的基础上,结合已有的自顶向下和自底向上两类软件过程改进模型的优点,给出了一种以产品度量和项目度量为核心,易于向软件能力成熟度模型过渡的,同时支持过程改进的面向国内中小软件企业的软件度量框架。在具体实施该框架中的度量活动和选择度量元时,借鉴了GQM模型的思想,并将其与软件开发过程的IPO模型相结合,提出了IPOAM模型。     

一种目标与信息共同驱动的度量模型

目前采用CMMI模型进行过程改进的企业，尤其是中小型企业在实施度量时盲目选择度量元，缺少合适度量过程框架的指导。针对上述问题，结合现有的GQM度量模型及其改进模型,以及PSM实用软件度量模型的特点,提出了一种支持软件过程改进的目标和信息共同驱动的度量模型（GI2M-D）,给出了基于GI2M-D度量模型的软件度量过程框架。该框架使度量人员选取度量元时更有针对性和目的性,为决策者和软件过程改进者，特别是采用CMMI模型的企业在实施度量时提供有效的支持和指导。     

基于CMMI的软件测试过程度量研究

对软件测试过程的度量能够提高软件测试的有效性,保证软件的质量.通过CMMI与软件测试、度量的分析,提出了基于CMMI的软件测试过程模型,并以此为基础对软件测试过程度量元的有效选取进行了研究.建立了CMMI与GQM的映射关系模型,提出了度量元的选取原则,以一个应用案例证明了研究结果的可行性.     

一种在GQM度量方法中的决策机制研究

软件度量在软件开发过程和软件产品中具有重要作用。GQM(Goal-Question-Metric Approach)模型是当前使用较为广泛的一种软件度量手段,它通过对目标的一系列问题的回答最终实现对软件开发过程的控制和评估。针对GQM中没有提及如何客观地将组织的目标归纳和分解为度量指标这一缺陷,提出一种利用德尔菲法和PUGH矩阵的决策机制,对众多分解的度量指标进行筛选,最终形成GQM模型的问题和度量元,并结合实际实践进行分析和验证。实践表明该决策机制能够有效地形成GQM度量计划,从而指导软件开发过程和软件产品质量的提升。     

浅谈软件过程度量及技术

本文介绍了在软件工程中的度量问题,特别是过程度量的问题.介绍了它的定义和它的用途,并着重介绍了过程度量的方法,如,GQM法、COCOMO模型、功能点模型等.对以后解决软件度量方面的问题有很大帮助.     

使用测试度量数据改进软件开发过程

描述度量在测试过程中的使用方法。首先介绍了GQM的方法,并介绍了GQM方法针对测试度量的应用。之后对于数据如何使用及分析,介绍了两种分析方法:缺陷到达模式以及缺陷移除率,并比较了两种对于缺陷移除率计算方法的异同点。最后,针对小型企业如何进行测试度量,提出了建议。     

基于GQ(I)M模型的度量计划定义方法研究

GQ(I)M模型是一种面向目标的定义度量的方法,在软件过程度量中被广泛采用.但是,由于定义度量时没有依赖具体的开发过程,且往往忽略了过程成熟度的考虑,定义的度量元不合理,使度量计划的制定很困难,并使度量的结果难以解释度量活动.本文提出了一种在GQ(I)M模型定义度量计划的方法基础上结合成熟度与过程建模的新的方法,最后对进一步的研究方向做了展望.     

浅谈软件过程度量及技术

本文介绍了在软件工程中的度量问题，特别是过程度量的问题。介绍了它的定义和它的用途，并着重介绍了过程度量的方法，如，GQM法、COCOMO模型、功能点模型等。对以后解决软件度量方面的问题有很大帮助。     

A decision support framework for metrics selection in goal-based measurement programs: GQM-DSFMS

Software organizations face challenges in managing and sustaining their measurement programs over time. The complexity of measurement programs increase with exploding number of goals and metrics to collect. At the same time, organizations usually have limited budget and resources for metrics collection. It has been recognized for quite a while that there is the need for prioritizing goals, which then ought to drive the selection of metrics. On the other hand, the dynamic nature of the organizations requires measurement programs to adapt to the changes in the stakeholders, their goals, information needs and priorities. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to use structured approaches that provide transparency, traceability and guidance in choosing an optimum set of metrics that would address the highest priority information needs considering limited resources. This paper proposes a decision support framework for metrics selection (DSFMS) which is built upon the widely used Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach. The core of the framework includes an iterative goal-based metrics selection process incorporating decision making mechanisms in metrics selection, a pre-defined Attributes/Metrics Repository, and a Traceability Model among GQM elements. We also discuss alternative prioritization and optimization techniques for organizations to tailor the framework according to their needs. The evaluation of the GQM-DSFMS framework was done through a case study in a CMMI Level 3 software company.     

Validation of an approach for improving existing measurementframeworks

Software organizations are in need of methods to understand, structure, and improve the data their are collecting. We have developed an approach for use when a large number of diverse metrics are already being collected by a software organization (M.G. Mendonca et al., 1998; M.G. Mendonca, 1997). The approach combines two methods. One looks at an organization's measurement framework in a top-down goal-oriented fashion and the other looks at it in a bottom-up data-driven fashion. The top-down method is based on a measurement paradigm called Goal-Question-Metric (GQM). The bottom-up method is based on a data mining technique called Attribute Focusing (AF). A case study was executed to validate this approach and to assess its usefulness in an industrial environment. The top-down and bottom-up methods were applied in the customer satisfaction measurement framework at the IBM Toronto Laboratory. The top-down method was applied to improve the customer satisfaction (CUSTSAT) measurement from the point of view of three data user groups. It identified several new metrics for the interviewed groups, and also contributed to better understanding of the data user needs. The bottom-up method was used to gain new insights into the existing CUSTSAT data. Unexpected associations between key variables prompted new business insights, and revealed problems with the process used to collect and analyze the CUSTSAT data. The paper uses the case study and its results to qualitatively compare our approach against current ad hoc practices used to improve existing measurement frameworks     

基于GQM模型的工业控制系统风险评估方法

风险评估是保证工业控制系统安全的重要机制，当前，信息安全和功能安全的耦合越来越紧密，考虑到不同组织的业务目标和运营环境多样化程度高，工控系统信息安全风险评估应紧密结合业务目标。基于目标-问题-度量（GQM）模型，从目标确定、问题描述、度量指标定义工控系统风险评估流程，以工控系统所承载的业务目标为指引，基于风险场景模型提出问题，围绕提出的问题收集信息，根据收集的信息和数据对度量指标进行关联分析和评价。最后，以PLC风险评估为实例，具体说明和验证了基于GQM模型的工业控制系统风险评估方法的有效性。     

Lightweight Software Metrics: The P10 Framework

Software metrics programs must provide value. Metrics need attachment to what's important about a software project. A thorough and comprehensive way to help ensure that connectedness is the Goal Question Metric. GQM proceeds in an orderly fashion to consider goals and specific questions so that when the metrics are defined they relate directly to project goals. The P10 software metrics framework better reflects the contemporary software development environment. P10 is a simple way to help ensure that the software project metrics you use will provide answers to the important questions you face in creating on-time, high-quality software     

构件演化度量方法研究

构件演化是指构件根据用户的需求和技术的变化而不断改变,它是由一系列复杂的变化活动组成的。分析了构件演化的特点及其对度量的影响,根据GQM度量定义模型,给出了构件演化过程中的主要度量。希望通过度量和测评,能够有效地对构件演化进行控制,保持构件系统的一致性和稳定性。     

Enhancing the efficacy of supplier selection decision-making on the initial stage of new product development: A hybrid fuzzy approach considering the strategic and operational factors simultaneously

The majority of the existing supplier selection approaches obtained their optimal solutions based on the operational metrics. This study considers the strategic and operational factors simultaneously to secure the efficacy of supplier selection (VS) on initial stage of new product development (NPD). We suggest strategic factors come from the supplier’s management system itself (i.e., customer-, long-term-, and process-oriented criteria) while the related performances indices of supplier constitute operational factors (i.e., producer-, short-term- and outcome-oriented criteria). The work adopts supplier’s process capability indices (PCIs) and process yields as operational factors to estimate their quality capabilities. The business process-oriented criteria related with the performance of business process improvement (BPI) are employed as the strategic criteria for supplier assessment visit. A fuzzy approach with supply risk consideration is employed then to aggregate the total scores of individual suppliers objectively. An empirical case study is performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system and to identify the best potential supplier(s) for further development. The results and processes of the case study also provide interesting managerial implications. The derived application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory to the realm of supplier selection is discussed as well.     

Victor R. Basili's contributions to software quality

This article deals with Victor R. Basili's contributions to software quality. Basili's contributions cover three broad areas: research in the 1970s and early 1980s on software measurement and the Goal Question Metric (GQM) model, research in the 1980s and 1990s on these measurement ideas' maturation into a software engineering model of empirical studies, including the development of the Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP) and the influence of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Software Engineering Laboratory, and research since 1990 in the Experience Factory as a model for creating learning organizations for continuous software process improvement. Some of Basili's most important contributions are in measuring software development processes and products and gifted the community with an invaluable tool: the GQM approach. The GQM approach is based on the assumption that for an organization to measure its products and processes usefully, it must first specify goals for itself and its projects.