立靶光幕探测性能分析与弹丸信息提取研究

交汇立靶测量系统可以实现飞行弹丸的速度、着靶坐标测量,是靶场测试中不可缺少的测龟装置,然而,由于交汇立靶中的倾斜光幕存在,致使飞行弹丸在穿越光幕过程中的输出信息不一致,影响了测量精度;基于立靶测最系统原理,分析了立靶光幕的光学探测性能;从光学探测方面,研究与分析光幕幕厚、作用距离与光电探测输出信息的关系,并根据交汇光幕布阵的几何特点,提出采用相关算法对飞行弹丸穿越光幕信号的时刻提取,减少光幕幕厚不一致产生的计时误差,提高系统测量精度.     

线阵CCD精度靶图像触发算法设计

针对线阵CCD精度靶测量弹丸坐标时需要额外触发光幕发送触发信号来决定其何时开始采集的问题。在图像采集过程中,设计一种图像触发算法在接收线阵CCD相机的图像数据信号的同时自动检测弹丸并实时发送触发信号。通过研究弹丸图像的特性以及算法在FPGA上的硬件实现方法,利用当前采集到的图像对算法进行了实验验证。实验验证表明,该算法可有效识别弹丸信号,并能排除其它非弹丸信号的干扰。该算法对提高线阵CCD精度靶触发精度,精简线阵CCD精度靶结构具有十分重要的意义。     

基于光幕触发CCD交汇连发弹丸坐标处理方法研究

针对CCD线阵交汇系统中测试弹丸连发坐标时以最大帧频连续拍摄,数据量过大而导致处理时间过长的问题,提出一种基于基于激光光幕触发的多峰值检测和自适应阈值弹丸检测的快速检测连发弹丸坐标方法。采用90°的“一”字线型半导体激光器配合原向反射屏形成光电探测靶面,光电转换模块将弹丸过靶时引起的光通量变化转换成电信号产生过靶信号,处理数据时先使用多峰值检测算法,根据获得的过靶信号波形计算出所有弹丸的过靶时刻和对应图像位置信息,并将该幅图像和临近两幅图像拼接成一幅组合图像作为该发弹丸的过靶图像,再使用基于自适应阈值的弹丸检测算法对其进行弹丸目标检测得到弹丸坐标。当该图像检测出多个像素坐标时,使用像素坐标剔除算法进行处理得到准确坐标。最后进行了4组对照试验,在得到正确连发坐标的前提下分别统计本文方法与传统方法的处理时间。结果表明与处理所有图像的传统方法相比,本文提出的方法在保证连发弹丸坐标正确率的前提下,提高了处理速度。     

传感器技术在水下枪弹速度测量中的应用

介绍了用于测量水下弹丸运动速度的声靶、高速摄影、光电靶测速、线圈靶测速、线阵CCD测速等多种方法 ,从原理、准确度、实现难易程度等方面作了较为详细的比较 ,提出了线圈靶、线阵CCD是较理想的水下弹丸速度的测量方法 ,并给出了实验证明     

反射式大面积光幕测速装置研究

介绍了一种基于反射式的大面积光幕测速装置,靶面的横向距离可达6000mm,避免了现有弹丸测速区截装置测试区域小、安全距离近、容易损坏测速装置等缺点。该装置由激光光学系统、回归式反光材料（反光膜）及其固定支架、反射镜、光电探测器与处理电路组成。将激光光源投射到另一端的反光膜上,形成光幕探测区,当弹丸或破片穿过光幕时,引起光通量变化,通过测时仪或数据采集系统即可获得过靶速度。用7．62mm枪弹经与高精度的框架式800mm×800mm的光幕靶进行了比对试验,结果满足测量精度要求。试验证明：该装置具有靶面大、精度高、使用维护方便,成本低等显著优点,不仅能进行常规的弹丸速度测试,同时,也适用于破片、弹幕武器等的速度测量。     

立靶测试系统中高精度角度测量研究

为弥补传统光电立靶中相机仰角角度值不能实时显示的不足,介绍了一种新型高精度立靶密集度测试系统角度测量电路的设计;该角度测量电路主要由高精度角度传感器、51单片机、多位LED显示部分构成,可以完成线阵CCD相机仰角的实时测量和显示,精度可达0.0027°,并且可以和上位机进行多路串口通信,方便对多台线阵CCD相机仰角进行监控,避免在测量过程中因相机仰角的变化而带来的测量误差.     

弹丸任意角度入射弹着点声学检测模型

声学靶被广泛应用于弹着点自动检测系统中,常规声学立靶测量系统要求弹丸垂直靶面入射,否则弹着点测量精度较低.基于声学定位技术,分析弹丸沿任意角度入射过程,根据弹着点和传感器阵列之间的几何关系,利用传感器阵列接收激波的时间差,建立一种针对弹丸任意角度入射的弹着点检测数学模型.应用上述数学模型对立体七点布阵的传感器阵列进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明立体阵列模型在整个靶平面的弹着点误差均值为0.8821 cm,标准差为0.6104 cm.实弹射击实验表明基于七点立体阵列的弹丸任意角度入射弹着点声学检测模型具有较高的精度.     

基于FPGA与STM32的光幕靶校验仪

光幕靶是一种能够对弹丸飞行速度测量的仪器,对光幕靶进行检定与校准是保证其测试数据准确、可靠的必备工作,针对现阶段有关光幕靶校验测试设备中存在操作繁琐复杂、造价高、专用性不强、测量效率低等问题,设计了基于FPGA与STM32的便携式光幕靶校验仪;提出了光幕靶校验仪的总体方案,分析和设计同步检定与异步校准信号,介绍了DDS技术的原理;设计了FPGA、STM32、DA模块硬件电路与光电夹具、串口触摸屏、电池模组,完成了对应芯片与所用器件的选型;在LabVIEW平台完成对FPGA的开发,利用FPGA采用DDS技术通过DA模块实现触发信号的生成,STM32完成数据处理与数据传输,使用串口触摸屏实现人机交互功能,最终由光电夹具输出信号;实验结果表明：该光幕靶校验仪输出信号同步时间一致性误差在330 ns～370 ns之间,异步延时精确度在±0.1 μs以内,具有误差小、精度高、便携轻量等特点,满足光幕靶快速校验的应用需求,为提高光幕靶的装调精度提供技术保证。     

基于双CCD信号采集与处理软件的设计

从双CCD交汇测量原理出发,讨论了CCD光电靶的测量原理和信号的处理与显示.通过系统优化设计的建模和仿真,使用MatLab软件模拟各种靶面,构建数学模型,对靶面各点的误差进行分析,得到误差分布最优情况下的靶面各参数,再设计相应通讯驱动模块,编写图形化用户界面,显示打靶的有关信息,并用数据库对数据进行记录、保存,以便随时调用查看.     

探测光幕的高速弹丸红外辐射信号获取研究

为了解决光电探测靶在低照度环境下不能工作的问题,提出采用红外探测技术改善其低照度探测性能。利用普朗克定律,分析高速弹丸作用于探测光幕的红外辐射特性;结合探测光幕,分析高速弹丸穿越光幕的红外辐射通亮的变化;利用红外探测器的响应率,建立红外电压信号输出模型,设计红外探测放大电路与数据采集电路,通过实验,飞行弹丸穿越光幕瞬间,探测系统输出的信号明显,在小口径弹作用下,输出幅值可达1V。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.