高吸油性能软质聚氨酯泡沫的合成研究

以聚醚多元醇(N220、N330)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,采用一步发泡法,合成一种泡沫质地柔软、泡孔结构较好、且具有较高吸油性能的软质聚氨酯泡沫。研究了催化体系、TDI指数、物理发泡剂、聚醚多元醇、水、泡沫稳定剂等对泡孔结构和吸油性能的影响。得到了最佳工艺配方,即:聚醚多元醇100份,TDI指数103%,A33为4.8份,辛酸亚锡(T9)0.8份,泡沫稳定剂为4份,物理发泡剂(141b)20份,水10份。制得的泡沫结构较好时,对原油的吸油倍率为35 g/g。     

用于网化的柔性开孔聚氨酯泡沫的制备

以三乙烯二胺和辛酸亚锡为催化剂、L580作泡沫稳定剂，对两种聚醚多元醇(TMN3050和TMN450)进行复配，制得了具有网络骨架的软质开孔聚氨酯泡沫，讨论了原料用量对泡沫性能的影响，用扫描电镜和差热热重分析对泡沫进行了观察。结果表明，优化配方为：TMN305050份，TMN45050份，水22份，L580 1．5份，异氰酸酯指数1．15。     

蓖麻油软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

本文主要讨论了以蓖麻油为原料制取软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料过程中,TDI 指数,发泡剂用量,催化剂用量,稳定剂量及环境温度诸因素对泡沫体性能的影响,为工业生产提供理论参数,也为低成本泡沫的开发及蓖麻油的综合利用开辟一条新的途径。     

粗甘油生物基聚氨酯材料的制备及吸附性能研究

以生物质基粗甘油为主要原料,采用一锅法合成粗甘油基多元醇,进一步发泡制备了聚氨酯泡沫材料。在此基础上,利用甲基三氯硅烷对泡沫材料进行疏水改性,制备出改性聚氨酯吸油材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和热重分析对改性前后泡沫的结构形貌、热稳定性和接触角进行表征,测试了改性聚氨酯吸油材料吸油性能。结果表明：经疏水改性后在泡沫表面合成了聚硅氧烷,水接触角由130°增大至140°,提高了吸油材料疏水性能。改性聚氨酯吸油材料对乙醇、甲醇、氯仿等8种有机物的吸附量范围为16.7～45.2 g/g。经循环使用50次后,吸油材料对柴油和大豆油的吸附量分别为最高吸附量的95.8%和97.6%,表现出优异的吸油性能。     

高性能仿木聚氨酯材料的研究开发

制备了高抗冲击仿木聚氨酯材料,考察了多元醇和填料对产品性能的影响及泡沫稳定剂和催化剂对反应体系的影响。实验结果表明,选用聚醚多元醇,质量份为100,DC3043泡沫稳定剂和自制催化剂B,质量份各为1,可得到综合性能好的仿木聚氨酯材料;不加填料,仿木制品的冲击性能最好。为了提高热稳定性,在满足冲击性能要求的情况下也可加入填料,同时可降低成本。该聚氨酯材料可用于汽车结构件、铁路轨枕及啤酒箱等高性能包装领域。     

慢回弹聚氨酯软泡组合料的制备及应用研究

以慢回弹聚醚、普通聚醚、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、开孔剂,异氰酸酯等为原料,制备慢回弹聚氨酯聚醚组合料及慢回弹聚氨酯软泡,并检测其性能.结果表明,水用量在2份,L598催化剂在4.5份,模具温度在45℃,异氰酸酯指数在75时,慢回弹聚氨酯软泡具有较好的发泡工艺及泡孔结构,密度与力学性能较好.     

脂肪族软质聚氨酯泡沫制备及性能

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、三羟基聚醚多元醇、水、催化剂三乙醇胺、辛酸亚锡和二月桂酸二丁基锡等原料制备水发泡脂肪族软质聚氨酯泡沫,探讨生成软质聚氨酯泡沫时化学键的变化及发泡剂中水含量对脂肪族软质聚氨酯泡沫孔径分布和熔融、分解性能的影响。当异氰酸酯指数在1.0左右,发泡剂水的含量为1.0 g时,脂肪族软质聚氨酯泡沫80%的孔径分布在0.5 mm以下,且平均孔径大小为0.41 mm。软质聚氨酯泡沫的熔融温度达到98℃,并且软质聚氨酯泡沫在250℃开始发生分解,发泡剂水用量的变化会影响泡沫材料刚性链段分解而不影响柔性链段的分解,发泡剂水用量增加,软质聚氨酯泡沫的总体热稳定性能增加。     

原材料对聚氨酯硬泡抗压性能的影响

以环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯PM-200、发泡剂一氟二氯乙烷(HCFC-141b)、泡沫稳定剂硅油AK-8801等为主要原料,采用一步法合成了聚氨酯硬泡,考察了不同种类多元醇及其配比、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂种类及用量等对聚氨酯硬泡抗压性能的影响。结果表明:高羟值、高官能度的环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇可提高泡沫的压缩强度,且当环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇4110为100份,并加入20份左右苯酐聚酯多元醇580及10份左右聚醚403,泡沫稳定剂用量1～2份,发泡剂水用量0.5～1份,HCFC-141b用量30～35份,催化剂用量0.5～1.5份时,所得聚氨酯硬泡性能较好。     

环戊烷体系聚氨酯硬质泡沫发泡流动性能的研究

采用塑料软管流动性试验方法,从泡沫爬高高度、流动指数、密度分布探讨冰箱用聚氨酯硬质泡沫环戊烷发泡体系中催化剂、泡沫稳定剂等因素对物料流动性的影响。结果表明,当复合催化剂PC-5、PC-8、DMP-30用量分别为0．15、0．4、2．2份时,此环戊烷发泡体系的流动性较好。泡沫稳定剂AK-8805对环戊烷体系的流动性影响主要体现在泡沫密度分布方面,当AK-8805用量为2．0份时,发泡体系的密度分布最均匀。     

聚氨酯软质泡沫吸油性能的研究

以聚醚多元醇(PP0330)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)等为原料,合成了一种结构良好的聚氨酯软质泡沫,研究了该泡沫的最大吸油量、保油率、吸油速率和缓释性能.结果表明,该泡沫可吸收柴油14.11 g/g、汽油26.41 g/g、甲苯39.01 g/g、四氯化碳43.47 g/g,且保油率达到90％以上.该泡沫材料对油品的缓...     

Studies of acoustical absorption of flexible polyurethane foam

It was confirmed that one of the principal factors which influences the acoustical absorption of flexible polyurethane foam is flow resistance of foam. Normal polyester-based flexible polyurethane foam itself has an adequate value of flow resistance and shows fairly good sound absorption. Acoustical absorption of normal polyether-based flexible polyurethane foam, which generally has lower flow resistance, can be improved by using some expedients such as setting up a certain skin layer on the foam surface so that the flow resistance of the foam can be increased. Surface treatment of foam such as gluing film, heat melting, spraying, or heat adhesion with film can not only improve sound absorption and mechanical properties of polyether-based flexible polyurethane foam, but also improve the hydrolysis resistance of polyester-based flexible polyurethane foam. Inserting some metal foil or plastic film between flexible polyurethane foams can change the sound absorption behavior according to the position of the foil or the film in the foam. The effects of foam thickness, existence of air layer behind foam, and foam profiling on acoustic absorption were also investigated.     

有机磷阻燃剂DOPO-HQ改性吸油聚氨酯泡沫的研究

以聚醚多元醇、亲油性二元醇、有机磷阻燃剂10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO-HQ) 、甲苯二异氰酸（TDI）等为原料制备了阻燃型聚氨酯吸油泡沫,并研究了DOPO-HQ用量对阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫的拉伸强度、吸油性能、阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,随着DOPO-HQ用量的增加,阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫的拉伸强度先增大后减小;吸油性能逐渐下降;随着阻燃剂DOPO-HQ的用量从0增加到12份（质量份,下同）,阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫的极限氧指数由18.2 %提高到27.2 %,达到难燃级别。     

Effect of cell structure on oil absorption of highly oil absorptive polyurethane foam for on-site use

This article reports the effect of cell structure on oil absorption of highly oil-absorptive polyurethane foam (ON-PUR), which is suitable for on-site foaming. We have developed ON-PUR as an oil absorbing polyurethane foam using a very reactive recipe. ON-PUR was synthesized by mixing polyol, water, additives, and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (P-MDI) using a high-pressure foaming machine. Density, airflow, oil absorption of this foam, and cell structure by microscopy were measured. From these results, it was found that the airflow of this foam increased by crushing, and the oil absorption of this foam increased sharply in a narrow airflow range (from 0.1 to 0.8 scfm). This increase is estimated to be due to the decrease of closed cell structures by crushing treatment. Furthermore, we constituted on-site foaming system in bench scale, which was expected to be applicable to on-site preparation of ON-PUR. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 179–186, 1997     

可再生聚酯多元醇的合成及其在聚氨酯材料中的应用

采用油酸为主要原料合成了羟值为236mgKOH／g、酸值为2．8mgKOH／g的可再生聚酯多元醇,并以此聚酯多元醇为原料制备了聚氨酯硬质泡沫。研究了该聚酯多元醇用量对泡沫发泡和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚酯多元醇加入量的增加,形成聚氨酯硬质泡沫的反应速度增加;与纯聚醚多元醇制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫相比,加入20％～30％的该聚酯多元醇制备的聚氨酯泡沫的尺寸稳定性和压缩强度增加。     

大豆油多元醇的制备及其在聚氨酯硬泡中的应用

通过实验制备出大豆油多元醇Soy-450,并应用于聚氨酯硬泡中,通过改变Soy-450的替代用量来研究其对硬泡性能的影响。随着Soy-450替代量的增加,发泡性能和尺寸稳定性有所下降,密度增大;当替代量为10~50份时,具有更高的垂直压缩强度;与石油基硬泡相比,大豆油基硬泡具有更好的热稳定性。     

Effect of curing moisture on the indentation force deflection of flexible polyurethane foam

The moisture effect on the indentation force deflection (IFD) of flexible polyurethane foam was examined through the curing of the foam with different moisture contents. The employed foam was cured at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% relative humidity, and the corresponding curing temperature was constant at 23°C. The experiments showed that the measured IFD and support factor of the flexible polyurethane foam decreased, and the hysteresis increased with the curing moisture. A statistical conversion formula was generated experimentally to correct the measured IFD of the flexible polyurethane foam to eliminate the deviation caused by the moisture effect. The measured IFD was inversely exponentially proportional to the curing moisture. The accuracy of the correction formula was verified by the conditioning of the foam again with different moisture contents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1679–1682, 2007     

KH-560对硬质聚氨酯发泡材料阻水机理的研究

为降低水对聚氨酯发泡材料性能的影响,向聚氨酯发泡材料中添加了γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560).并利用TG、SEM、IR研究了添加硅烷偶联剂前后聚氨酯发泡材料吸水情况,最终研究出发泡材料阻水的机理.TG的结果表明,加入KH-560后,聚氨酯发泡材料的吸水性大大降低.在偶联剂的添加量为3%时,泡孔结...     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料在低密度炸药制备中的应用

以软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料为载体，制备低密度炸药。探讨了聚氨酯泡沫塑料在低密度炸药中的应用。简单介绍了采用炸药溶液浸渍法、水分散液浸泡法和原料混合发泡法这三种方法的工艺过程以及产品的爆炸性能。