天然聚多糖对密胺海绵的疏水改性及其吸油性能研究

海上石油污染已成为海洋污染的核心问题,疏水亲油材料是高效的吸油材料之一。本研究以密胺海绵为基体,通过负压浸渍法,利用不同类型的天然聚多糖进行改性,以获得疏水亲油的吸油材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜成像、接触角分析对改性前后的海绵进行表征,研究了不同类型的多聚糖以及不同浸渍量对海绵吸油性能的影响。结果表明,密胺海绵经浓度为1%的中分子量壳聚糖改性后疏水亲油性能最好,其水接触角为151.30°,柴油吸附量为45.49 g/g。此类改性方法效果理想,且具备环境友好及操作简便等优点。     

疏水花生壳/聚氨酯复合泡沫的制备与油水分离性能

为提高聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的疏水性能,首先采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对花生壳粉末（PSP）进行改性,得到疏水改性花生壳粉末（H-PSP）。水接触角测试结果表明,改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料（H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体PPU的质量分数）。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能,H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%（H-PSP-PUF-10）。与PUF相比,H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°,较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷五种油品进行油水分离实验,结果表明,H-PSP-PUF-10对不同油品的吸油倍率在7~9 g/g,而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后,H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5~8.0 g/g,具有良好的循环利用性。     

疏水花生壳/聚氨酯复合泡沫的制备与油水分离性能

为提高聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的疏水性能，首先，采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对花生壳粉末（PSP）进行改性，得到疏水改性花生壳粉末（H-PSP）。水接触角测试结果表明，改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后，采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料[H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体（PPU）质量的百分数]。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明，H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能，H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%（标记为H-PSP-PUF-10）。与PUF相比，H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°，较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷进行油水分离实验，结果表明，H-PSP-PUF-10对石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷的吸油倍率在7～9 g/g，而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后，H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5～8.0 g/g，具有良好的循环利用性。     

疏水溶胀泡沫的制备及其吸油性能的研究

以氯铂酸为催化剂,通过五甲基二硅氧烷与端羟基聚丁二烯的硅氢加成反应,首次合成出以聚丁二烯为主链、侧链含硅氧烷的改性端羟基聚丁二烯。研究了硅氧烷改性的端羟基聚丁二烯作为聚氨酯软段对泡沫疏水性及吸油性能的影响。结果表明,硅氧烷接枝聚丁二烯作为聚氨酯软段可以有效地降低聚氨酯弹性体的表面能从而提高其疏水性,聚氨酯弹性体与水的接触角从未改性的84.6°提高到108°,硅氧烷接枝聚丁二烯制备的聚氨酯泡沫的与水的接触达到了158°;由于硅氧烷接枝聚丁二烯与甲苯、汽油和柴油的相容性较好,泡沫在吸附甲苯、汽油和柴油的过程中伴随着孔的填充的同时致使基体溶胀,从而可以有效地提高泡沫的吸附倍率。     

改性三聚氰胺海绵的制备及吸油性能研究

利用正辛基三氯硅烷对三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性得到吸油材料。考察不同溶剂、硅烷溶液浓度和浸渍时间对于样品性能的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和接触角测试对改性前后样品微观形态、结构组成及水湿润性进行表征。重点研究材料的吸油性能,结果表明,对原油、润滑油、大豆油和柴油的吸附倍率可达74⁹5 g/g,可用准一级吸附模型描述材料对于4种油品的吸附动力学过程;样品在重复使用、油水分离和动态吸油测试中表现优异。改性三聚氰胺海绵制备简单、操作方便,是一种有潜力的吸油材料。     

改性三聚氰胺海绵的制备及吸油性能研究

利用正辛基三氯硅烷对三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性得到吸油材料。考察不同溶剂、硅烷溶液浓度和浸渍时间对于样品性能的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和接触角测试对改性前后样品微观形态、结构组成及水湿润性进行表征。重点研究材料的吸油性能,结果表明,对原油、润滑油、大豆油和柴油的吸附倍率可达74~95 g/g,可用准一级吸附模型描述材料对于4种油品的吸附动力学过程;样品在重复使用、油水分离和动态吸油测试中表现优异。改性三聚氰胺海绵制备简单、操作方便,是一种有潜力的吸油材料。     

木质素复合细菌纤维素材料的制备及其吸油性能

为制备低成本且绿色环保的新型吸油材料,以细菌纤维素(BC)为基质,脱碱木质素(DL)为疏水改性剂,通过低温浸渍法制备了木质素复合细菌纤维素材料(BC-DL);考察了原料预处理、反应时间、温度以及物料比等对BC-DL疏水及吸油性能的影响.利用FTIR、XPS、SEM、BET、接触角测量仪对材料的化学结构及微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明,DL改性后BC的比表面积由未改性BC的33.15 m2/g提升至71.09 m2/g,水接触角由未改性BC的19.5°增大到116.8°.BC-DL对花生油、柴油、真空泵废油的饱和吸附量分别为34.8、33.7、34.6 g/g;在经过7次循环后,饱和吸附量保留在19.067、18.355和18.820 g/g,BC-DL对3种油品均有良好的吸附性能和循环利用性.     

聚丙烯纤维基复合气凝胶的制备及其在吸油领域的应用

为开发具有高吸油率的吸油材料，以聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇和甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTEOS）为原料，通过冷冻干燥和气相化学沉积方法（CVD）制备了具有疏水性的聚丙烯纤维基复合气凝胶吸油材料，并对复合气凝胶的密度、孔隙率、形貌结构、接触角及原油的吸附量进行测试。结果表明：制备的复合气凝胶具有低密度（0.004～0.019 g/cm3）和高孔隙度（98.10%～99.55%）的特点。复合气凝胶呈现连续分布的三维网络结构，表现出良好的疏水亲油性，与水接触角最高可达136.1°，最佳吸油量达到86.2 g/g。聚丙烯纤维基气凝胶是一种具有潜力的高效吸油材料，为解决原油泄漏提供新思路。     

粗甘油生物基聚氨酯泡沫的改性研究1

为了制备增强型粗甘油基聚氨酯泡沫(CGPU),将粉煤灰、硅藻土2种填料引入聚氨酯泡沫对其进行改性,得到了粗甘油基聚氨酯复合材料。通过试验表征,考察了2种填料填充量对聚氨酯复合材料发泡参数、微观结构以及聚氨酯材料性能的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰、硅藻土的加入均能够改善聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度和热稳定性。当粉煤灰和硅藻土的填充量分别为3%和5%时,压缩强度分别增大为317和297 kPa。与粉煤灰相比,硅藻土的填充提高了泡沫的热稳定性。粉煤灰和硅藻土2种填料可用于制备具有高压缩强度和良好热稳定性的聚氨酯复合材料。     

木质素复合细菌纤维素材料的制备及其吸油性能研究

为制备低成本且绿色环保的新型吸 油材料，本文以细菌纤维素（BC）为基质，脱碱木质素(DL)为疏水改性剂，通过低温浸渍法制备木质素复合细菌纤维素材料（BC-DL）；考察了原料预处理、反应时间、温度以及物料比等对BC-DL疏水及吸油性能的影响。利用FTIR、XPS、SEM、BET、接触角仪对材料的化学结构及微观形貌进行表征。结果表明，与改性前相比，DL改性后BC的比表面积由33.15 m2/g提升至71.09 m2/g，水接触角由未改性BC的19.5°增大到116.8°。吸油实验结果显示，BC-DL对花生油、柴油、真空泵废油的吸油量（OCA）分别为34.8 g/g、33.7 g/g、34.6 g/g；在经过8次循环后，OCA保留在19.1 g/g、18.3 g/g和18.8 g/g，BC-DL对三种油品均有良好的吸附性能和循环利用性。     

Hydrophobically modified nano-SiO2 in situ loaded on polyurethane foam as a potential carrier for marine oil spill

In order to enhance the oil–water separation properties of polyurethane foam (PFU), hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (H-SiO₂ NPs) were firstly prepared by incorporating long alkyl chains into silica nanoparticles, and then, it was combined with PFU by in situ loading to fabricate a hydrophobic PFU (H-SiO₂ NPs/PUF). When the loading amount of H-SiO₂ NPs was 10%, the water contact angle of the modified foam H-SiO₂ NPs/PUF-10 reached 147 ± 1°, which proved it was highly hydrophobic. The elongation at break of the foam was increased by 202%, which indicated that it had better resilience and recyclability. In addition, the total pore area and porosity were increased to 16.24 m²/g and 88.43% from 5.46 m²/g and 2.11%, which provided more storage space for adsorption. The oil–water separation experiment showed that the adsorption capacity for most light oils was 11–13 g/g, and that for dichloromethane was as high as 40.5 g/g. After 10 adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity only decreased from 15.6 to 14.5 g/g, which was still 93% of the initial adsorption capacity. H-SiO₂ NPs/PUF represents good adsorption capacity, recyclability, and recyclability, so it as a carrier has a potential application in the treatment of marine oil spills.     

聚氨酯软质泡沫吸油性能的研究

以聚醚多元醇(PP0330)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)等为原料,合成了一种结构良好的聚氨酯软质泡沫,研究了该泡沫的最大吸油量、保油率、吸油速率和缓释性能.结果表明,该泡沫可吸收柴油14.11 g/g、汽油26.41 g/g、甲苯39.01 g/g、四氯化碳43.47 g/g,且保油率达到90％以上.该泡沫材料对油品的缓...     

聚氨酯软质泡沫的制备及其泡孔结构和吸油性能的研究

采用全水发泡工艺,通过对配方的调节,研制了一种具有一定耐压强度和较好吸油性能的聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料。研究了催化剂配比及用量、泡沫稳定剂用量、粗MDI指数对聚氨酯软质泡沫吸油性能的影响。采用聚醚(N-220),当催化剂辛酸亚锡的质量份为0.20、催化剂A33的质量份为0.55、泡沫稳定剂有机硅油的质量份为1.0、粗MDI指数0.85左右、发泡剂去离子水的质量份为4～8时,所制备的聚氨酯泡沫泡孔结构和吸油效果较好。     

功能聚氨酯泡沫的制备及其对铜（Ⅱ）吸附性能研究

以组合聚醚、多异氰酸酯（PAPI）和8-羟基喹啉等为原料,制备了一种含喹啉基团的功能聚氨酯泡沫,研究了该泡沫对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附性能,并用于含铜废水的处理。结果表明,在置于50mL含铜（Ⅱ）200μg／mL、pH=6条件下,当8-羟基喹啉用量为2．0份,该泡沫对铜（Ⅱ）的饱和吸附容量为19．18mg／g;吸附平衡时间为2h,对废水中铜（Ⅱ）的去除率可达91．48％。     

超疏水高强度石墨烯油水分离材料的制备及应用

使用较为环保的手段对表面进行修饰,使用氧化石墨烯(GO)对三聚氰胺海绵(MS)进行进一步的表面改性,对超疏水的还原氧化石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵(RGO-MS)进行制备。使用一些列手段对制备的RGO-MS的结构、形态、组分进行了研究。结果表明,海绵骨架与还原氧化石墨烯表面有十分密切的关系;超疏水的还原氧化石墨烯/三聚氰胺海绵对高密度与低密度的原油都有较好的吸附能力,而且在多次吸附工作后仍然具有百分之九十以上的吸附能力,对油水混合物的分离效率较高。     

Ultralight and hydrophobic nanofibrillated cellulose aerogels from coconut shell with ultrastrong adsorption properties

Ultralight aerogels based on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) isolated from coconut shell were successfully prepared via a mild fast method, which included chemical pretreatment, ultrasonic isolation, solvent exchange, and tert‐butanol freeze drying. The as‐prepared NFC aerogels with complex three‐dimensional fibrillar networks had a low bulk density of 0.84 mg/cm³ (specific surface area = 9.1 m²/g and pore volume = 0.025 cm³/g), maintained a cellulose I crystal structure, and showed more superior thermal stability than the coconut shell raw materials. After the hydrophobic modification by methyl trichlorosilane (MTCS), the NFC aerogels exhibited high water repellency properties, an ultrastrong oil‐adsorption capacity (542 times that of the original dry weight of diesel oil), and superior oil–water separation performance. Moreover, the absorption capabilities of the MTCS‐treated NFC aerogels were as high as 296?669 times their own weights for various organic solvents and oil. Thus, this class of high‐performance adsorbing materials might be useful for dealing with chemical leaks and oil spills. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42037.     

Three-dimensionally cross-linked styrene-methyl methacrylate-divinyl benzene terpolymer networks for organic solvents and crude oil absorption

The present study reports, high-performance polymer absorbents for crude oil and organic solvents based on 3D cross-linked polystyrene-polymethyl methacrylate/divinyl benzene (PS-PMMA/DVB). The preparation of the 3D cross-linked polymer absorbents has been carried out by bulk polymerization method using styrene (S) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers in the presence of DVB with azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The prepared cross-linked polymer absorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analyses. The absorption kinetics, thermodynamics of the absorption process as well as the recyclability of the cross-linked polymer absorbents were investigated in detail. The developed 3D cross-linked PS-PMMA/DVB absorbents have demonstrated excellent absorption capacities for both organic solvents and crude oil. For instance, the developed polymer absorbent (PS-PMMA/DVB [1 wt%]) shows a maximum absorption capacity of 12 g/g for chloroform_, 6 g/g for tetrahydrofuran, and 3 g/g for crude oil. The absorption capacities by the polymer absorbents show a direct relationship with the polarity of the solvents. Moreover, the change of absorption capacity after several repeated cycles of absorption/desorption was only marginal. The demonstrated absorption capacities and the excellent recyclability make polymer absorbents as potential candidates for the oilfield applications and produced water treatments.