基于北斗传输的地下水监测仪的设计与实现

地质环境监测仪器在实际应用中应具有较为严格的仪器属性,包括耐高低温性、密封性、耐腐蚀性、低功耗等。而无公网覆盖地区多为高寒高海拔地区,仪器长期暴露在较为恶劣的地质环境中。因此,及时、稳定的数据通信传输技术是获取水文地质参数、确保地下水动态监测系统稳定运行的关键。目前,地下水动态远程监测技术多采用GSM短信格式进行监测数据的传输,但是该方式在野外应用中非常受限。为使地下水参数监测不受无线公共网络覆盖区域的限制,利用北斗卫星的定位与短报文技术,研究了一种可利用北斗卫星进行数据传输的通信仪器。经过大量的室内调试及野外稳定性试验,证明了基于北斗卫星开发的地下水动态监测通信控制终端,数据传输稳定,仪器功耗低,防风、防沙、防潮性能良好。该研究解决了无手机信号地区地下水监测数据的传输障碍,实现了多方式的地下水监测通信。     

一种电池供电的低功耗无人自动监测系统设计

野外无人值守自动监测系统大多采用稳定的外部电源供电,使用电池供电且工作时间长达数月之久的无人值守自动监测系统鲜见报道.基于一些特殊环境应用的需求,开发了一种低功耗定时采样无人自动监测系统,这种系统不依赖稳定持续的外部电源供电,采用自身的电池提供能源,通过可靠的本质低功耗设计、电源管理设计和软件优化控制,最大限度地降低系统功耗.保证系统在完成监测功能的前提下,尽可能地延长电池工作时间.通过实际测试表明,系统最低功耗可降至μA级,如果系统每小时采样一次,电池可在无人值守的状态下持续工作3年以上.     

电磁流量计自适应极化噪声抵消系统研究

电磁流量计是一种应用广泛的测量导电液体体积流量的仪表。测量时,金属电极与电解质会发生电化学反应,产生极化噪声。极化噪声幅值远高于流量信号幅值,使电极输出信号信噪比较低;极化噪声存在漂移的现象,会影响电磁流量计变送器的信号调理工作,限制电路的放大倍数,增加ADC采样位数、电路成本、功耗等。对此,提出了一种基于前馈控制的自适应极化噪声抵消方案,设计了相应的信号调理电路,通过硬件电路实时提取和抵消极化噪声,极大地提高了电极输出信号信噪比。通过试验,验证了该方案不但能有效滤除极化噪声,而且能提高信号调理电路的放大倍数、减少ADC的采样位数、减少电路的成本和功耗。     

一种SDA数字滤波器的低功耗设计

SDA（Serial Distributed Arithmetic,SDA）数字滤波器具有速度快、结构规整等优点,广泛应用于数字信号处理器芯片级电路实现中.SDA在采样数据值位跳变频率比较高时,会导致很大的移位寄存器功耗,降低了SDA的性能、功耗比.研究SDA数字滤波器的低功耗设计,主要途径是通过一种优化阶符的二进制数据表示方式来表示采样数据,以达到减小采样数据值位跳变频率的目的,从而实现减小SDA数字滤波器的功耗.实验结果表明,本文研究的低功耗设计方法可有效减小SDA数字滤波器10%的功耗.     

TY—1000数字式土壤坚实度仪

介绍一种土壤坚实度测量仪,它能测量探头入上深度及该深度土层的土壤坚实度值,实现了定深度自动采样土壤坚实度值,该仪器使用方便,测量精度高,功耗低,特别适合于野外测试.     

物联网在高原寒区地下水监测系统中的应用

针对青海高原寒区地下水监测工作的现状,研制开发一种基于物联网技术的地下水自动监测系统,重点解决监测仪器在高海拔、低温环境下的可靠性。介绍了监测系统的结构组成及软硬件设计,并采取多项措施来提高监测仪器低功耗和稳定性。通过一年多的野外试验应用,系统运行状况良好。该系统的研究成功能更好地服务于青海高原寒区地下水监测方面的工作,为恶劣环境下的地下水监测提供先进的技术手段。     

多传感节点生理信息检测系统设计

本设计主要对人体体温、心率和血氧值进行提取分析,对系统组成中的电源模块、光源驱动模块和光电接收模块、红外温度模块、心电信号提取模块和无线传输模块进行了硬件设计.采用过采样技术对心电信号进行提取,提高了信号的稳定性和连续性.实验结果表明,该设计电路结构简单,稳定性好,测量精度高,功耗低,能够满足日常监测要求.     

基于GPRS的地下水动态水位监测系统研究

过度抽取地下水是造成地面沉降的主要原因,为此采用C/S架构设计了地下水动态水位监测系统,系统由多个水位监测节点和监测中心两部分组成;分布在被监测区域的水位监测节点主要负责获取监测井点的水位信息,并通过GPRS网络与监测中心建立TCP网络连接进行数据传输;监测中心负责处理、存储和分析来自各监测井点的水位数据,并控制各监测节点的工作方式;经试验表明,该系统工作稳定、功耗低,能够为合理开采、科学管理和研究地下水提供科学的数据支持.     

全数字超声医疗诊断系统低功耗测量方法

医疗诊断系统功耗过高,会引起局部发热从而破坏掉整个系统的散热处理功能和稳定性,为此,提出全数字超声医疗诊断系统低功耗设计方法.通过对诊断系统的分析,改变超声波收发电路与模拟放大器间的耦合方式,利用变压器耦合电路的方式降低了放大器的电压;并利用AD分时减少了采样工作时间,降低系统功耗.同时利用频域法分析诊断系统低功耗,通...     

远程自修复光伏发电监测系统设计

针对光伏发电监测系统现场故障维护成本高问题,提出一种基于可编程器件的远程自修复光伏发电监测系统。该系统实现了光伏发电系统电压、电流、温度、湿度、光照强度实时采集、处理、远程传输以及调理电路在线故障监测及自修复,研究了可编程模拟阵列调理电路的故障诊断及自修复方法。实验表明,该光伏发电监测系统实现了各参数准确、高效采集及远程传输,具有设计简单、开发周期短、适应性强、运行稳定、功耗低等特点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.