带端点插值条件的Bézier曲线降多阶逼近

研究了两端点具有任意阶插值条件的Bézier曲线降多阶逼近的问题.对于给定的首末端点的各阶插值条件,给出了一种新的一次降多阶逼近算法,应用Chebyshev多项式逼近理论达到了满足端点插值条件下的近似最佳一致逼近.此算法易于实现,误差计算简单,且所得降阶曲线具有很好的逼近效果,结合分割算法,可获得相当高的误差收敛速度.     

切比雪夫正交基神经网络的权值直接确定法

经典的BP神经网络学习算法是基于误差回传的思想.而对于特定的网络模型,采用伪逆思想可以直接确定权值进而避免以往的反复迭代修正的过程.根据多项式插值和逼近理论构造一个切比雪夫正交基神经网络,其模型采用三层结构并以一组切比雪夫正交多项式函数作为隐层神经元的激励函数.依据误差回传(BP)思想可以推导出该网络模型的权值修正迭代公式,利用该公式迭代训练可得到网络的最优权值.区别于这种经典的做法,针对切比雪夫正交基神经网络模型,提出了一种基于伪逆的权值直接确定法,从而避免了传统方法通过反复迭代才能得到网络权值的冗长训练过程.仿真结果表明该方法具有更快的计算速度和至少相同的工作精度,从而验证了其优越性.     

多尺度有理分形的图像插值算法

目的图像插值是图像处理中的重要问题,为了提高纹理图像的放大质量,结合以往的有理函数的插值算法,提出一种新的基于有理分形函数的图像插值算法。方法对于输入图像,首先,运用中值滤波和直方图均衡化对输入图像预处理;其次,通过毯子覆盖法求出图像的多尺度分形特征值,进行纹理区域和平滑区域的划分;最后,在纹理区域采用有理分形插值函数,在平滑区域采用有理插值函数。结果对于一般图像,本文算法与NARM(nonlocal autoregressive model),NEDI(new edge-directed interpolation)相当,在纹理区域较多的图像中,本文算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)数值上较对比算法进一步提高,在视觉效果上,图像对比度明显增强,在Barbara,Truck等的对比图像中,峰值信噪比均提高了0.5 1 dB。结论本文插值算法利用多尺度分形特征将图像划分区域,在不同区域采用不同的插值模型。优化模型参数使得插值质量进一步提高。实验表明本文算法能够对纹理和非纹理区域有效划分对纹理的信息保持优于传统算法,获得了较好的主客观效果。     

The bivariate Shepard operator of Bernoulli type

Abstract The method of Shepard is an efficient method for interpolation of very large scattered data sets; unfortunately, it has poor reproduction qualities and high computational cost. In this paper we introduce a new operator which diminishes these drawbacks. This operator results from the combination of the Shepard operator with a new interpolation operator, recently proposed by Costabile and Dell’Accio, and generalizes to two variate functions the Shepard-Bernoulli operator introduced in [2]. We study this combined operator and give error bounds in terms of the modulus of continuity of high order and of the mesh length. We improve the accuracy and computational efficiency using a method introduced by Franke and Nielson. Keywords: Shepard operator, Bernoulli operator, interpolation of scattered data, error estimations. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 41A05, 41A25, 41A80.     

Perturbed Chebyshev rational approximation

In this work, we give a perturbed Chebyshev rational approximation for a function f (x) which has a Chebyshev expansion. This approximation contains a perturbation parameter ~ which is calculated so that the perturbed Chebyshev rational approximation agrees with the Chebyshev expansion to a certain number of terms. Also, we introduce a perturbed Chebyshev rational approximation for the definite integral of a function f (x) having Chebyshev expansion and show that this method can be used iteratively to approximate the multiple integral of the considered function. The method has been applied to approximate some functions and their definite integrals.     

Multi-degree reduction of tensor product Bézier surfaces with conditions of corners interpolations

This paper studies the multi-degree reduction of tensor product B(?)zier surfaces with any degree interpolation conditions of four corners, which is urgently to be resolved in many CAD/CAM systems. For the given conditions of corners interpolation, this paper presents one intuitive method of degree reduction of parametric surfaces. Another new approximation algorithm of multi-degree reduction is also presented with the degree elevation of surfaces and the Chebyshev polynomial approximation theory. It obtains the good approximate effect and the boundaries of degree reduced surface can preserve the prescribed continuities. The degree reduction error of the latter algorithm is much smaller than that of the first algorithm. The error bounds of degree reduction of two algorithms are also presented .     

Chebyshev Approximation by the Sum of the Polynomial and Logarithmic Expression with Hermite Interpolation

The authors establish the condition for the existence of the Chebyshev approximation by the sum of the polynomial and logarithmic expression with the least absolute error and Hermite interpolation at the end points of the interval. The method is proposed for determining the parameters of such Chebyshev approximation.     

形状可调插值曲线曲面的参数选择

目的 因大多数插值基函数中的参数都是全局参数,从而导致插值曲线曲面的形状无法进行局部调整。另外,当插值曲线曲面形状可调时,也存在如何选择参数才能获得形状较为理想的曲线曲面的问题,为此给出一种无需反求控制顶点、包含局部形状调整参数、具有显式表达式、能重构部分二次曲线曲面的插值曲线曲面构造方法,同时给出易于使用的形状参数确定方案。方法 基于经典3次Hermite插值曲线的Bernstein基函数表达形式,将其中的Bernstein基换成已证明具有全正性的一组三角基函数,根据三角基的端点性质调整曲线表达式以保证其插值性,然后设定插值数据点处的导向量,在其中引入参数,并保证相邻曲线段之间的连续性,得到了一种新的三角基插值曲线。结果 新曲线可以整理成以待插值数据点为控制顶点与一组插值基函数的线性组合形式,插值基表达式简单,插值曲线含一组局部形状调整参数,一个参数的改变只影响一条曲线段的形状,相邻曲线段之间G¹连续,曲线可以重构椭圆。根据不同目标给出了3种用于确定曲线中形状参数的准则,每种准则都提供了可以直接使用的公式。相应的插值曲面具有与插值曲线类似的性质。结论 形状参数选取准则的给出使含参数插值曲线曲面的设计由随意变为确定,这使得采用本文方法更易于得到满意的结果。本文所给插值基函数的构造方法具有一般性,可以采用相同的思路构造其他函数空间上性质类似的插值基。     

A Chebyshev Finite Difference Method For Solving A Class Of Optimal Control Problems

A new Chebyshev finite difference method for solving class of optimal control problem is proposed. The algorithm is based on Chebyshev approximations of the derivatives arising in system dynamics. In the performance index, we use Chebyshev approximations for integration. The numerical examples illustrate the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique.     

一类加权有理插值样条曲面及局部约束控制

目的 构造一类新的基于函数值与偏导数值的加权有理插值样条曲面,讨论该样条曲面的相关性质并分析曲面的局部约束控制。方法 一方面,先从x方向构造有理三次插值样条,再从y方向构造二元有理插值样条曲面;另一方面,按相反次序构造另一个二元有理插值样条曲面;最后将两种插值曲面加权得到一类新的有理插值样条曲面。结果 讨论插值曲面的性质,包括基函数、边界性质、积分加权系数的性质以及误差估计。通过选择合适的参数和加权系数,在不改变插值数据的前提下实现对插值区域内的局部约束控制。结论 实验结果表明,新的加权有理插值样条曲面具有良好的约束控制性质。     

A Numerical Study of the Xu Polynomial Interpolation Formula in Two Variables

In his paper ``Lagrange interpolation on Chebyshev points of two variables' (J. Approx. Theor. 87, 220–238, 1996), Y. Xu proposed a set of Chebyshev like points for polynomial interpolation in the square [−1,1]², and derived a compact form of the corresponding Lagrange interpolation formula. We investigate computational aspects of the Xu polynomial interpolation formula like numerical stability and efficiency, the behavior of the Lebesgue constant, and its application to the reconstruction of various test functions.     

Polynomial time-marching for nonperiodic boundary value problems

A polynomial interpolation time-marching technique can efficiently provide balanced spectral accuracy in both the space and time dimensions for some PDEs. The Newton-form interpolation based on Fejér points has been successfully implemented to march the periodic Fourier pseudospectral solution in time. In this paper, this spectrally accurate time-stepping technique will be extended to solve some typical nonperiodic initial boundary value problems by the Chebyshev collocation spatial approximation. Both homogeneous Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions will be incorporated into the time-marching scheme. For the second order wave equation, besides more accurate timemarching, the new scheme numerically has anO(1/N ²) time step size limitation of stability, much larger thanO(1/N ⁴) stability limitation in conventional finitedifference time-stepping, Chebyshev space collocation methods.     

A novel reduced-basis method with upper and lower bounds for real-time computation of linear elasticity problems

This paper presents a novel reduced-basis method for analyzing problems of linear elasticity in a systematical, rapid and reliable fashion for solutions with both upper and lower bounds to the exact solution in the form of energy norm or compliance output. The lower bound of the solution output is obtained form the well-known reduced-basis method based on the Galerkin projection used in the finite element method, which is termed as GP_RBM. For the upper bound, a new reduced-basis approach is developed by the combination of the reduced-basis method and a smoothed Galerkin projection used in the linearly conforming point interpolation method, and it is thus termed as SGP_RBM. To examine the present SGP_RBM, we first conduct a theoretical study on the very important upper bound property. Reduced-basis models for both GP_RBM and SGP_RBM are constructed with the aid of an asymptotic error estimation and greedy adaptive procedure. The GP_RBM and the newly proposed SGP_RBM are applied to analyze a cantilever beam with an oblique crack to verify the proposed RBM technique in terms of accuracy, convergence, bound properties and computational savings. Both theoretical analysis and numerical results have demonstrated that the present method is a very efficient method for real-time solutions providing exact output bounds.     

连续等距区间上积分值的二次样条插值

目的 在现实中,某些插值问题结点处的函数值往往是未知的,而仅仅已知一些区间上的积分值。为此提出一种给定已知函数在连续等距区间上的积分值构造二次样条插值函数的方法。方法 首先,利用二次B样条基函数的线性组合去满足给定的积分值和两个端点插值条件,该插值问题等价于求解n+2个方程带宽为3的线性方程组。然后,运用算子理论给出二次样条插值函数的误差估计,继而得到二次样条函数逼近结点处的函数值时具有超收敛性。最后,通过等距区间上积分值的线性组合逼近两个端点的函数值方法实现了不带任何边界条件的积分型二次样条插值问题。结果 选取低频率函数,对积分型二次样条插值方法和改进方法分别进行数值测试,发现这两种方法逼近效果都是良好的。同样,选取高频率函数对积分型二次样条插值方法进行数值实验,得到数值收敛阶与理论值相一致。结论 实验结果表明,本文算法相比已有的方法更简单有效,对改进前后的二次样条插值函数在逼近结点处的函数值时的超收敛性得到了验证。该方法对连续等距区间上积分值的函数重构具有普适性。     

小波-Lagrange方法进行医学图像层间插值

目的 医学图像3维重建通常需要进行层间插值.现有的插值方法虽然种类较多,但在进行医学断层图像插值时,很多方法并不能兼顾图像灰度和目标形状的变化,且计算过程过于复杂.鉴于此,提出一种基于小波与Lagrange多项式相结合的插值方法.方法 首先对原始图像进行小波变换,获得图像边缘对应小波系数的位置信息,在断层图像的相应小波系数之间运用Lagrange多项式进行强度和位置插值.结果 通过实验验证,采用本文方法插值得到的图像与线性、Cubic插值方法相比,不仅在灰度值不等点方面减少了10%~50%,均方误差平均下降了3%,而且目标组织轮廓特别是拐角剧烈变化处可改善伪轮廓现象,介于原始断层图像之间,能够满足医学图像层间插值的要求.结论 与线性插值方法、Cubic插值方法相比,新算法由于引入了小波变换这个工具,可将图像剧烈变换部分提取出来,因此,本文方法在处理图像剧烈变化的情况时略有优势.新算法得到的插值图像质量有所提高,计算误差有所降低,可有效用于医学图像目标组织的3维重建.     

Integration of Dynamic Equation of Spring-Mass-Damper Systems via Chebyshev Polynomials

A numerical scheme based on Chebyshev polynomials for the determination of the response of spring-mass-damper systems is presented. The state vector of the differential equation of the spring-mass-damper system is expanded in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. This expansion reduces the original differential equations to a set of linear algebraic equations where the unknowns are the coefficient of Chebyshev polynomials. A formal procedure to generate the coefficient matrix and the right-hand side vector of this system of algebraic equations is discussed. The numerical efficiency of the proposed method is compared with that of Runge-Kutta method. It is shown that this scheme is accurate and is computationally efficient.     

Error analysis of the Chebyshev collocation method for linear second-order partial differential equations

The purpose of this study is to apply the Chebyshev collocation method to linear second-order partial differential equations (PDEs) under the most general conditions. The method is given with a priori error estimate which is obtained by polynomial interpolation. The residual correction procedure is modified to the problem so that the absolute error may be estimated. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is illustrated in several numerical experiments such as Laplace and Poisson equations. Numerical results are overlapped with the theoretical results.     

Frobenius-Chebyshev polynomial approximations with a priori error bounds for nonlinear initial value differential problems

In this paper, we present a method for approximating the solution of initial value ordinary differential equations with a priori error bounds. The method is based on a Chebyshev perturbation of the original differential equation together with the Frobenius method for solving the equation. Chebyshev polynomials in two variables are developed. Numerical results are presented.     

Convergence rate of the Levenberg-Marquardt method under Hölderian local error bound

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we study the convergence rate of the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method under the Hölderian local error bound condition and the Hölderian continuity of the Jacobian, which are more general than the local error bound condition and the Lipschitz continuity of the Jacobian. Various choices of the LM parameter are also discussed.