保护层卸压瓦斯抽采及涌出规律研究

随着我国煤矿开采深度的增加，煤与瓦斯突出矿井和变出煤层的数量不断增加，利用保护层开采过程中的被保护层的卸压作用对卸压瓦斯进行强化抽采，使被保护层由高瓦斯突出危险煤层变为低瓦斯无突出危险煤层，从而实现煤与瓦斯资源的安全高效共采．系统介绍了基于分源原理的回采工作面瓦斯涌出预测方法，保护层开采及卸压瓦斯强化抽采技术的发展和工程应用．结合淮南潘一矿下保护层和谢一矿上保护层开采及卸压瓦斯强化抽采实例，将保护层工作面瓦斯涌出量预测结果与保护层工作面瓦斯涌出量实测结果进行了对比分析．研究结果表明，由于保护层开采的卸压作用，使被保护层卸压瓦斯抽采率远大于被保护层卸压瓦斯的自然排放率，导致保护层工作面瓦斯涌出量预测结果小于实际瓦斯涌出量．     

关键层结构对保护层卸压开采效应影响分析

由于保护层卸压开采,导致覆岩结构的运动,致使上覆煤层变形,产生卸压效应,改变被卸压煤层的透气特性,为卸压瓦斯抽采创造有利条件.采用RFPA2D-Flow数值模拟软件,分析了上覆煤岩层采动裂隙演化、卸压煤层采动应力及位移分布、瓦斯参数变化等规律,结果表明:1)下保护层开采引起的上覆煤岩层采动裂隙集中分布在采场两端部,并呈竖向偏采空区方向发育,离层裂隙发育至被卸压煤层上方;2)开切眼和停采线附近区域顶板裂隙明显发育,卸压开采导致上覆煤层产生膨胀变形,透气性明显增加;3)由于被卸压煤层和保护层之间关键层结构的力学效应,使被卸压煤层透气系数增加幅度不显著,导致抽采孔瓦斯压力降低速度放缓.无关键层结构时,采动影响区内抽采孔瓦斯压力降低较快.     

极薄保护层钻采上覆突出煤层卸压瓦斯抽采技术

采用数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法,系统地研究了极薄保护层钻采过程中上覆被保护煤层地应力及煤层变形的变化规律和煤层卸压瓦斯流动及瓦斯抽采规律。极薄保护层钻采后,被保护煤层弯曲下沉、卸压膨胀变形,煤层透气性提高了403倍,通过向被保护煤层施工网格式上向穿层钻孔进行卸压瓦斯抽采,被保护煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量降低,消除了煤与瓦斯突出危险,成功实现了矿井安全高效生产。     

远程采动煤岩体变形与卸压瓦斯流动气固耦合动力学模型及其应用研究

经过多年的科学研究和工程实践证明,采动卸压瓦斯抽采技术是防治煤与瓦斯突出、降低煤层瓦斯含量最有效、最经济的区域性措施。尽管近几十年来开展了大量的采动卸压瓦斯抽采现场试验,但对采动煤岩体变形与卸压瓦斯流动相互作用的研究尚不够成熟,还无法为卸压瓦斯的高效抽采提供理论基础和技术支持。以远程采动煤岩体为研究对象,运用岩石力学、采矿工程、渗流力学、数值仿真等理论,采用现场实验、实验室实验、理论分析和数值分析相结合的研究方法,系统研究了采动煤岩体的卸压特征、移动变形、采动应力变化及卸压瓦斯流动规律;开展了采动煤岩体变形与瓦斯流动耦合作用研究,构建了采动煤岩体弹脆塑性本构模型和采动煤岩体变形与瓦斯流动耦合动力学模型及数值计算方法,通过模型的应用初步获得了远程上被保护层应力场、位移场与渗透率的时空变化规律,最后提出了保护层开采工程分类及判定方法,以及远程保护层开采及卸压瓦斯抽采技术体系,并在阳泉新景矿成功地进行了试验,取得了显著的抽采效果。为保护层开采设计及远程被保护层卸压瓦斯的高效抽采提供了理论依据和技术支持。主要研究内容及成果有:(1)利用平面应变相似模拟实验系统,以阳泉矿区新景矿为地质背景,开展了远程采动煤岩体裂隙演化...     

下保护层开采卸压瓦斯分布预测及抽采技术

为了保证被保护层瓦斯的消突和治理工作,掌握保护层开采的卸压效果和预测卸压瓦斯的主要分布区域,运用UDEC离散元模拟得到了下保护层开采后被保护层的卸压效果、瓦斯运移规律及分布情况,并根据模拟结果相应地提出了留巷钻孔法抽采卸压瓦斯,实现了无煤柱开采,消除了被保护层应力集中区煤与瓦斯突出危险威胁。经现场实测抽采后3号煤层瓦斯压力降低了1.36 MPa,瓦斯含量降低了9.51 MPa,抽采效果良好。     

远距离下保护层开采对上覆煤岩层卸压效果的影响

为探究晋城矿区下保护层开采对上覆岩层卸压效果,综合运用数值模拟和现场实测等手段,并以该矿区开采9号煤层作为3号煤层下保护层为工程背景开展研究。采用数值模拟手段研究下保护层开采上覆煤岩体卸压效果及被保护层煤体膨胀变形规律,并确定有效保护范围。研究结果表明:保护层回采后,上覆煤岩体出现分区卸压效应,卸压效果随与工作面垂直距离增加而降低;被保护层倾向卸压角为63°,走向卸压角为60°;采空区中部被保护层膨胀变形率保持在4‰左右,为稳定卸压区域。现场工业试验后,通过钻孔电视发现被保护层煤体受采动影响产生离层裂隙。煤层瓦斯参数测定发现,被保护层煤体瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力分别降低至开采前50%和60%,表明开采9号煤层作为保护层对上覆3号煤层卸压消突效果显著。     

红菱煤矿开采保护层后煤岩体采动裂隙分布的数值模拟研究

以沈煤集团红菱煤矿保护层开采为工程实例,通过开采11#煤层,对存在煤与瓦斯突出的7#煤层和12#煤层进行卸压,研究保护层开采后采动裂隙分布规律。通过FLAC3D模拟采动后应力场和位移场变化情况、塑性区分布范围,分析了保护层开采后煤岩体采动裂隙的分布规律。     

下保护层开采上覆煤岩层卸压效果研究

以晋城矿区开采9~#煤层作为3~#煤层下保护层为工程背景,采用数值模拟手段研究下保护层开采上覆煤岩体卸压效果及被保护层煤体膨胀变形规律,并确定有效保护范围。研究结果表明:保护层回采后,上覆煤岩体具有分区卸压效应,卸压效果随与工作面垂直距离增加而降低;被保护层倾向卸压角为63°,走向卸压角为60°;采空区中部被保护层膨胀变形率保持在4‰左右,为稳定卸压区域。现场工业试验后,钻孔电视发现被保护层煤体受采动影响产生离层裂隙;煤层瓦斯参数测定指出被保护层煤体瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力分别降低至开采前50%和60%。     

多煤层近距离保护层开采瓦斯涌出规律及抽采方案研究

 为确保近距离保护层工作面的生产安全,采用分源预测方法对罗州煤矿首采工作面瓦斯涌出规律进行分析,研究表明本煤层瓦斯涌出占16.9%,上邻近层瓦斯涌出占50.7%,下邻近层瓦斯涌出占32.4%。在此基础上对罗州煤矿瓦斯抽采方案进行优化设计,首采工作面采用本煤层顺层平行斜交钻孔、采空区埋管抽采结合通风稀释瓦斯,上邻近层采用高抽巷抽采环形裂隙圈内高浓度瓦斯,下邻近层采用底板穿层钻孔抽采底臌断裂带和底臌变形带内的卸压解吸瓦斯。通过保护层卸压开采配合卸压瓦斯强化抽采方法,降低了卸压煤层瓦斯含量,消除了被保护层煤与瓦斯突出危险性。     

下保护层开采上覆煤岩体卸压效果及保护范围研究

以晋城矿区为工程背景,开采9号煤层作为3号煤层保护层,开展下保护层开采试验。采用数值模拟手段,研究下保护层开采上覆煤岩体卸压效果及被保护层煤体膨胀变形规律,并确定有效保护范围。研究结果表明:保护层工作面开采后,上覆煤岩体出现分区卸压效应,距离工作面垂直距离越远,岩层卸压程度越不明显。被保护层倾向卸压角为63°,走向卸压角为60°。采空区中部被保护层膨胀变形率保持在4‰左右,为稳定卸压区域。现场工业试验后,通过钻孔电视发现被保护层煤体受采动影响产生了离层裂隙。煤层瓦斯参数测定表明:被保护层煤体瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力均有所降低,保护层开采起到了效果。     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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