CO2跨临界双级压缩循环中膨胀机的优化配置性能分析

用热力学第一定律和第二定律，对三种双级压缩带膨胀机的CO2跨临界循环进行热力学分析，并分别从系统的性能系数、效率、中间压力以及排气温度等方面进行了比较。结果表明，DCOP循环的性能系数和效率最高；DCDL的最低；DCDH循环的性能非常接近DCOP循环，可以近似实现在最佳条件下运行。在CO2跨临界双级压缩循环中，膨胀机与系统的优化配置是提高系统效率的关键。     

带膨胀机的CO2空调系统循环的研究

设计并比较了3种具有可行性的CO2跨临界循环.计算结果表明,当膨胀机效率大于19%时带膨胀机的两级压缩循环较双级节流循环的要好,膨胀机效率大于45%时,带膨胀机的单级压缩循环COP比双级节流循环要高.另外,通过引入当量温度分析法,将带膨胀的CO2跨临界循环与R134a循环进行了对比.结论是CO2双级带膨胀机循环的稳定性好,当量冷凝温度较大时单级带膨胀机循环性能高于R134a循环,当量冷凝温度较低时,R134a循环性能与双级带膨胀机循环不相上下.     

CO2跨临界双级压缩循环中膨胀机的优化配置性能分析

用热力学第一定律和第二定律,对三种双级压缩带膨胀机的CO2跨临界循环进行热力学分析,并分别从系统的性能系数、效率、中间压力以及排气温度等方面进行了比较.结果表明,DCOP循环的性能系数和效率最高;DCDL循环的最低;DCDH循环的性能非常接近DCOP循环,可以近似实现在最佳条件下运行.在CO2跨临界双级压缩循环中,膨胀机与系统的优化配置是提高系统效率的关键.     

CO2循环在较低温制冷系统中的应用分析

对CO2带回热器双级压缩制冷、CO2带单膨胀机与CO2带双膨胀机双级压缩制冷系统进行了分析，同时与以R134a和R12为工质的双级压缩制冷进行了对比。由以上分析得出，由于CO2的热力学性质及其压缩机的特点，CO2系统非常适宜在较低的蒸发温度下使用。并且由于膨胀机的应用，将使CO2循环在较低温制冷系统的性能系数超过R12系统，具有更强的竞争力。     

带回热器的跨临界CO_2制冷系统的试验研究

为了提高跨临界CO2制冷系统的性能,搭建了跨临界CO2制冷系统试验台,对带有回热器(IHX)和不带回热器的两种跨临界CO2制冷系统进行了研究。研究结果表明:在某一蒸发温度下,当冷却水出口温度为55℃的时候,系统的性能系数随着高压侧压力的升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,存在一个最大值;回热器可以提高系统的性能,带回热器的制冷系统的性能系数要比不带回热器的制冷系统的性能系数高约6%～10.5%。     

CO2摆动转子膨胀机的设计分析与性能测试

通过对CO2跨临界循环的运行工况分析，设计了摆动转子式膨胀机。指出控制摩擦损失、泄漏损失和余隙容积损失是提高膨胀机效率的关键。经过CO2跨临界循环水-水热泵膨胀机回收功率测试实验台的运行实验，测定了CO2摆动转子式膨胀机的性能，并对试验结果进行了分析。     

跨临界CO2循环中回热器研究进展概述

由于臭氧层破坏和全球变暖等原因,CO_2作为新型制冷工质在跨临界CO_2循环中被广泛推广和应用。在循环中加入回热器可大幅度提升系统性能,本文针对跨临界CO_2循环中的回热器应用,从带回热器的跨临界CO_2系统性能、回热器结构、回热器在系统循环中的位置、回热器效率以及回热器入口制冷剂温度等几个方面对系统性能的具体影响进行深入探讨,介绍了国内外研究进展,对回热器的应用加以分析和展望。     

CO_2跨临界双级压缩带低压膨胀机制冷循环性能分析

通过建立模型分析比较了CO2跨临界双级压缩带节流阀与带低压膨胀机制冷循环的性能.结果表明:双级压缩CO2跨临界带节流阀与带低压膨胀机制冷循环的最佳中间压力并不是高低压的几何平均值;在一定的气体冷却器出口温度下,双级压缩CO2跨临界带低压膨胀机制冷循环有一个最佳高压侧排气压力,与带节流阀循环相比,其最大COP可提高20%,但当高压侧压力低于最佳值时,低压膨胀机对系统COP的影响随着高压侧压力的减小而逐渐变得不明显;在双级压缩CO2跨临界带低压膨胀机制冷系统优化设计中,中间冷却应采用完全冷却型式.     

CO2跨临界膨胀机循环最佳高压压力计算

CO2跨临界制冷循环存在最佳高压压力，对应着最大COP。但是，膨胀机循环的最佳高压压力与节流阀循环的最佳高压压力不同。CO2膨胀机循环的最佳高压压力主要受压缩机效率、膨胀机效率、气体冷却器出口温度以及蒸发温度等参数的影响。当压缩机和膨胀机的效率一定时，CO2节流阀循环的最佳高压压力比膨胀机循环的高。为了计算方便，对膨胀机循环的最佳高压压力进行了计算和数据回归，并给出了计算关联式。     

CO2跨临界制冷循环系统性能评价及Yong分析

通过用Yong分析方法对CO2跨临界制冷循环带节流阀和带膨胀机系统进行分析，发现节流阀的Yong损失较大，用膨胀机代替节流阀后，可使这部分损失降低，提高系统Yong效率。在带膨胀机的系统中，主要Yong损失发生在气体冷却器、压缩机和膨胀机，其中高压侧压力、气体冷却器出口温度以及蒸发温度对各部件的Yong损失和Yong效率都有不同程度的影响，在优化系统设计时应综合考虑这些参数。用Yong分析方法对系统性能进行评价，可为系统的改进提供理论依据。     

CO2跨临界循环优化配置热力学分析

对7种CO2跨临界循环的性能进行了对比分析，结果表明，当膨胀机的效率达到60％时，TCDH循环的效率最高，是一种有发展前途的循环方式。对TCDH循环进行了结构配置优化分析，并与存在最佳高压压力时的循环进行了性能比较。可以发现，优化配置循环的COP低于最佳高压压力循环时的COP，当膨胀机的效率达到80％左右时，两者的COP才能够基本相当。所以在优化整个系统的结构设计时，应该权衡考虑各方面因素的影响。     

Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of internal heat exchangers for CO2 system under cooling condition

This paper presents the heat transfer characteristics of the internal heat exchanger (IHX) for CO₂ heat pump system. The influence on the IHX length, the mass flow rate, the shape of IHX, the operating condition, and the oil concentration was investigated under a cooling condition. Four kinds of IHX with a coaxial type and a micro-channel type, a mass flow meter, a pump, and a measurement system. With increasing of the IHX length, the capacity, the effectiveness, and the pressure drop increased. For the mass flow rate, the capacity of micro-channel IHX are higher about 2 times than those of coaxial IHX. The pressure drop was larger at cold-side than at hot-side. In the transcritical CO₂ cycle, system performance is very sensitive to the IHX design. Design parameters are closely related with the capacity and the pressure drop of CO₂ heat pump system. Along the operating condition, the performance of CO₂ IHXs is different remarkably. For oil concentration 1, 3, 5%, the capacity decreases and the pressure drop increased, as compared with oil concentration 0%. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Yong Tae Kang Prof. Young-Chul Kwon received his B.S. degree in Precision Mechanical Engineering from Pusan National University, Korea, in 1989. He then received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from POSTECH, in 1991 and 1996, respectively. Dr. Kwon is currently a Professor at the Division of Mechanical Engineering at Sunmoon University in Chungnam, Korea. He serves as a chief of the Institute of Automation and Energy Technology. Dr. Kwon’s research interests include heat exchanger, CO₂ cycle, heat pump, and energy recovery ventilator for HVAC&R. Mr. Dae-Hoon Kim is currently Doctoral student at the Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea. His research topics include experimental and numerical of CO₂ heatpump system. He has conducted a study on the Analysis of Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Equipment Industry and Its Forecasting Supervising and Testing for Performance of Refrigerator, Freezer and Air-Conditioner. Prof. Jae-Heon Lee received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1971. He then received his M.S. and Ph. D. degree from Seoul National University in 1977 and 1980, respectively. Dr. Lee is currently a Professor at the school of Mechanical Engineering at Hanyang University in Seoul, Korea. Dr. Lee is currently a president at the Korea Institute research interests include simulation of thermal fluid and Plant engineering and construction. Dr. Jun-Young Choi received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Yonsei University, Republic of Korea, in 1989. He then received his M.S. and Ph. D. degrees from Yonsei University in 1991 and 1999, respectively. Dr. Choi is currently a chief researcher with the 18 years experience on the energy performance testing of HVAC/R product. He is now assigned to the Energy Technology Center at Basic Industry Division at Korea Testing Laboratory. He has been involved in the development of Design and Manufacturing Technology for Air-Conditioner E.E.R. and Performance Testing Equipment for Cooling and Heating System with Non-CFCs, and natural refrigerants. He has conducted a study on the Analysis of Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Equipment Industry and Its Forecasting Supervising and Testing for Performance of Refrigerator, Freezer and Air-Conditioner. Dr. Sang Jae Lee received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University, KOREA, in 2008. Dr. Lee is currently a Researcher at the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology in Cheonan, Korea. Dr. Lee’s research interests CO₂ heatpump system, liquid desiccant air conditioning system and Micro heat exchanger.     

CO_2跨临界循环和氟利昂制冷剂循环性能分析

本文以R134a、R290和CO2制冷剂为研究对象,分别对三种单、双级循环的性能进行对比。结果表明,随蒸发温度增加、压缩机效率升高和冷凝器出口温度降低,所有循环性能均提高,单级CO2循环存在最优排气压力;用膨胀机代替节流阀可以显著提高CO2跨临界循环COP;低压级压缩机的效率比高压级压缩机对系统性能影响明显。双级循环中,CO2循环最优中间压力远高于其它两种循环。本研究为高效、节能的空调和热泵产品开发提供基础资料。     

应用于跨临界CO_2压缩循环的双转子滚动活塞式膨胀机的研究

由于二氧化碳制冷系统的制冷效率与人工合成制冷剂相比处于劣势,故采用跨临界循环,并利用膨胀机回收膨胀功以减少膨胀过程的能量损失,达到提高整个循环效率的目的。针对目前膨胀机存在的诸多问题,设计应用于跨临界CO2压缩循环的新型双转子滚动活塞膨胀机。该膨胀机的一级气缸始终与进气管连通,二级气缸始终与排气管相通,随着转子的转动在两气缸之间形成膨胀空间,因此,不需要专门的进气控制装置。对膨胀机的运行过程进行理论分析和设计计算,得出主要结构参数,并进行受力和力矩计算。分析结果表明,在膨胀过程中,一级转子的总力矩始终为正值,膨胀将结束时两转子的总力矩变为负值。在角度θ2之前,二级转子的驱动力矩大于一级转子的驱动力矩,在角度θ2之后,一级转子的驱动力矩更大。     

有机朗肯循环涡旋膨胀机性能试验研究

搭建了以R123为工质,设计输出功率为3kW的有机朗肯循环涡旋膨胀机试验系统,对涡旋膨胀机在不同工况下的性能进行了试验研究。试验得到涡旋膨胀机的最大输出功率为2.425kW,最高等熵效率为55%。变负载研究中涡旋膨胀机的转速变化范围为1550²165r/min。试验工况范围内,涡旋膨胀机输出功率、总机械效率随负载的增加而增加,转速随负载数量的增加而降低。