脉冲磁场下原位合成（Al203＋Al3Zr）p／Al复合材料的微观组织及力学性能

采用熔体反应法，以Al-ZrSi04为反应体系，在反应过程中施加脉冲磁场，原位合成Al3Zr和Al203颗粒增强铝基复合材料。X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和电子探针（EPMA）分析表明：脉冲磁场作用下，原位合成的颗粒细小，尺寸为1～3μm，且弥散分布于基体中；随外加脉冲磁场强度的增大，反应生成的增强颗粒变得更加细小，分布更均匀。拉伸实验结果表明：脉冲磁场作用下原位合成复合材料的抗拉强度随着脉冲磁场强度的增大而升高，当磁场强度为0．05T时，复合材料的抗拉强度比未施加脉冲磁场的复合材料提高28％；伸长率随磁场强度的增大略微下降。拉伸断口形貌分析表明：脉冲磁场作用下复合材料断口形貌中的韧窝和撕裂纹大大减少，但仍属于塑性断裂。     

脉冲磁场下原位合成(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/Al复合材料的微观组织及力学性能

采用熔体反应法,以Al-ZrSiO4为反应体系,在反应过程中施加脉冲磁场,原位合成Al3Zr和Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料.X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)分析表明:脉冲磁场作用下,原位合成的颗粒细小,尺寸为1～3 μm,且弥散分布于基体中;随外加脉冲磁场强度的增大,反应生成的增强颗粒变得更加细小,分布更均匀.拉伸实验结果表明:脉冲磁场作用下原位合成复合材料的抗拉强度随着脉冲磁场强度的增大而升高,当磁场强度为0.05 T时,复合材料的抗拉强度比未施加脉冲磁场的复合材料提高28%;伸长率随磁场强度的增大略微下降.拉伸断口形貌分析表明:脉冲磁场作用下复合材料断口形貌中的韧窝和撕裂纹大大减少,但仍属于塑性断裂.     

Al-K2ZrF6体系熔体反应法合成复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

开发了Al-K2ZrF6体系熔体反应法合成原位铝基复合材料，采用XRD，SEM和TEM分析了复合材料中相组成、微观组织和界面结构。实验结果表明：合成的增强相为Al3Zr颗粒，常规金属型铸造的复合材料中其尺寸在3μm～4μm左右，一般成聚集态分布，颗粒形貌基本为长方体状：该复合材料经重熔快淬成形后，颗粒尺寸减小，基本为粒状，并弥散分布于基体上。Al3Zr／Al复合材料的界面结构研究表明，Al3Zr颗粒与Al存在一定的晶体学位向关系：[^-2^-21]Al3Zr∥[100]Al，（012）Al3Zr∥（1^-10）Al，其点阵错位度仅为10．87％，这表明Al3Zr颗粒可作为基体Al相的形核衬底。Al3Zr／Al复合材料的力学性能测试显示，当Al3Zr颗粒体积分数为11.2％时，抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为148．7MPa和110．2MPa，而且Al3Zr／Al复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度均随颗粒体积分数增加显著提高。     

磁化学合成（Al2O3＋Al3Zr）p/Al复合材料的微观组织与力学性能

以氧氯化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O)为反应物,采用熔体反应法,并在反应过程中施加脉冲涡流磁场,磁化学合成了(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/Al复合材料.扫描电镜(SEM)与X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明生成的颗粒为α-Al2O3和Al3Zr,颗粒细小,形状一致,且弥散分布于铝基体中;在相同反应条件下,与常规原位反应相比,磁场下反应更快、更完全,缩短了反应时间,并从反应动力学角度进行了分析.复合材料的力学性能研究表明,其屈服强度σs和抗拉强度σb均随颗粒体积分数的增加而升高,延伸率δ先升后降.(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/Al复合材料的拉伸断口形貌表明,其断裂属塑性断裂.     

Al-Zr(CO3)2体系反应生成Al基复合材料的力学和磨损性能研究

运用Al-Zr（CO3）2体系熔体反应法制备了（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／Al合材料，研究了（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／Al复合材料的力学和磨损性能。结果表明：Al-Zr（CO3）2与Al熔体反应生成了Al2O3、Al3Zr颗粒；（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）g/A复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随颗粒理论体积分数的增大而提高，当颗粒体积分数为10％时，复合材料的Rm为148．3MPa，较铝基体提高了90．1％，复合材料的Rp02为110．5MPa，较铝基体的提高了163．1％，复合材料的断后伸长率先升后降；由复合材料的拉伸断口SEM可知：随着反应物质量增加，塑性变形区减小，但仍是塑性断裂；由磨损表面SEM观察表明：（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p/Al复合材料的磨损特征为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的混合型磨损。     

高频脉冲磁场下原位合成(Al3Zr+Al2O3)p/Al复合材料

在高频磁场中施加脉冲信号,产生脉冲涡流磁场,感应线圈内部磁场分布趋向均匀,并在熔体内出现一定强度的振荡和扰动现象.该外场作用下选用Al-Zr(CO3)2作为反应组元通过熔体直接反应法原位合成了Al3Zr、Al2O3增强颗粒铝基复合材料,粒度2～3μm,颗粒在基体中弥散均匀分布.热力学和动力学分析表明:脉冲涡流磁场促进了传热传质和扩散过程,改善了原位合成过程动力学条件.     

超声化学原位合成(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/A356复合材料

采用熔体反应法,并在反应过程中施加高能超声,合成了(Al2O3 Al3Zr)p/A356复合材料.XRD和SEM分析表明,生成的增强颗粒为Al203和Al3Zr;颗粒尺寸细小,平均粒径尺寸为1μm,在基体中均匀分布;共晶Si在高能超声作用下显著细化,变短并呈粒状.研究表明,经过高能超声处理后,其抗拉强度比未加高能超声处理的复合材料提高了近20%,达到了381.4MPa.     

电磁搅拌法合成(Al2O3+Al3Zr)p/A356复合材料的凝固组织

在电磁搅拌作用下用A356-Zr（CO3）2组元通过熔体反应法原位合成了Al2O3、Al3Zr颗粒增强铝基复合材料，扫描电镜观察试样凝固组织发现：复合材料中内生增强颗粒粒度为1～3μm，并随着搅拌强度的增加，增强颗粒在基体中的体积分数和弥散度显著提高，原因是电磁搅拌促进了传热和传质扩散，改善了原位合成动力学条件；同时Si相形貌由片状初晶硅向针状、细棒状共晶Si转变，随搅拌强度的增加硅相变质，这是电磁搅拌和内生颗粒共同作用的结果。     

Al-Zr-O体系熔体反应法合成复合材料的微观组织和拉伸性能

采用熔体反应法 ,以ZrO2 、ZrSiO4 和ZrOCl2 粉剂为反应物在熔融的铝 ( 85 0℃ )中成功制备了Al/ (Al3 Zr Al2 O3 ) P 复合材料。扫描电镜 (SEM )和电子探针 (EPMA)分析表明 :Al Zr O体系反应生成的复合材料 ,颗粒尺寸细小 ,Al2 O3 为 1～ 3μm ,Al3 Zr小于 1μm ,且弥散分布于基体中。拉伸试验结果显示 :Al Zr O体系反应生成Al/ (Al3 Zr Al2 O3 ) P 复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度较基体纯Al均显著提高。其中Al ZrOCl2 体系生成的复合材料的抗拉强度为14 8 7MPa ,屈服强度为 112 4MPa ,分别较基体纯Al提高了 93 6 %和 170 8%。     

Al-Zr(CO_3)_2体系反应合成复合材料的力学性能与断裂行为①

利用Al Zr(CO3)2原位反应体系,采用熔体反应法制备了(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/Al复合材料。XRD及SEM分析显示:原位反应生成的颗粒为Al3Zr和Al2O3,颗粒细小并均匀分布在基体中。拉伸实验表明:(Al3Zr Al2O3)p/Al复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随颗粒含量的增大显著提高,当颗粒体积分数为10%时,复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为148.3MPa和110.5MPa,但延伸率先上升后下降。原位拉伸研究表明:复合材料拉伸过程中裂纹的萌生及扩展机制可从两方面得到解释:滑移过程中的位错作用机制以及颗粒脱粘和破碎形成的"孔洞"成核与长大机制。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.