典型悬浮添加剂对高水材料力学性质影响的试验研究

针对高水材料强度相对偏低、成本相对较高的问题,选取粉煤灰和硅粉两种添加剂,对高水材料进行改性研究,添加剂掺量梯度为5%、10%、15%和20%,采用了四川大学电子万能试验机和扫描电镜（SEM）两种试验设备,进行了添加剂对高水材料力学性质影响试验,探究了添加剂对高水材料微观结构及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,掺20%粉煤灰和掺10%硅粉均可使高水材料的抗压强度提高到0.36MPa,与未掺添加剂高水材料相比,强度提高了20%,且能有效提高残余强度;添加剂的掺入改变了高水材料钙钒石晶体的发育形貌、直径大小以及空间网状结构的致密程度;证明了抗压强度的大小是由晶体形貌、直径大小、晶体结构的搭接方式以及网状结构的致密性共同影响的。     

Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Compensated by Metakaolin or Silica Fume

The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of high volume fly ash concrete with incorporation of either metakaolin or silica fume were investigated. The water to cementitious materials ratio was kept at 0.4 for all mixtures. The use of high volume fly ash in concrete greatly reduces the strength and dynamic modulus during the first 28 days. The decreased properties during the short term of high volume fly ash concrete is effectively compensated by the incorporation of metakaolin or silica fume. The DTA results confirmed that metakaolin or silica fume increase the amount of the hydration products. An empirical relationship between dynamic modulus and compressive strength of concrete has been obtained. This relation provides a nondestructive evaluation for estimating the strength of concrete by use of the dynamic modulus.     

大掺量混合材高性能混凝土的制备及强度特性

在固定用水量为130 kg/m3下,研究了粉煤灰、磨细矿渣和硅灰对水泥替代量为30%、50%、70%,水胶比为0.33的高性能混凝土的制备。探讨了粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣对新拌混凝土流动性和抗压强度的影响。在低水胶比情况下,粉煤灰、磨细矿渣和硅灰大掺量复掺,可制备得到工作性良好、早期强度满足要求和后期强度有极好发展的高性能混凝土;在高效减水剂的作用下,在大掺量混合材混凝土中以硅灰、磨细矿渣取代部分粉煤灰,可以有效提高大掺量混凝土的早期强度,进一步改善新拌混凝土的工作性。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗压强度与收缩性能时变规律研究

为了提高混凝土强度与改善混凝土的收缩性能,在混凝土中掺入聚丙烯纤维、硅灰及粉煤灰等掺合料,采用平行组对比试验,研究了掺合料对混凝土抗压强度和干燥收缩性能的影响规律,得到了相应的回归公式.结果表明,单掺粉煤灰的混凝土3,7,28 d抗压强度明显低于基准组,56 d抗压强度与基准组相差不大;复掺粉煤灰和硅灰混凝土的早期和后期抗压强度较单掺粉煤灰混凝土有不同程度的提高;聚丙烯纤维、粉煤灰和硅灰复掺可以显著抑制混凝土干燥收缩,且混凝土龄期与收缩率符合对数函数关系.     

硅灰粉煤灰对喷射混凝土性能影响

为了解决现场喷射混凝土普遍存在强度低、喷层易开裂、回弹量大、粉尘浓度高等问题,在喷射混凝土中加入不同掺量的硅灰、粉煤灰替代水泥,并通过室内试验和现场试验研究硅灰、粉煤灰对添加铝酸盐液态速凝剂喷射混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:铝酸盐液态速凝剂掺量为3%时,凝结效果最好;单掺8%的硅灰能有效促进铝酸盐液态速凝剂的凝结效果,提高混凝土强度,增加粘聚性;单掺粉煤灰可以降低速凝剂的促凝效果、降低混凝土强度、提高和易性。硅灰、粉煤灰和铝酸盐液态速凝剂混掺,对混凝土1 d抗压强度影响由主到次为粉煤灰掺量>速凝剂掺量>硅灰掺量,28 d抗压强度影响由主到次为速凝剂掺量>硅灰掺量>粉煤灰掺量,从而得出三者最佳组合。并结合新型喷射工艺进行现场试验,得出最佳组合能有效减少水泥用量、提高喷射混凝土强度、减少开裂、降低回弹和粉尘的结论。     

纳米SiO2超高强高流态混凝土及改性机理

通过正交试验提出纳米超高强高流态混凝土的胶凝材料配合比设计参数,并研究了纳米SiO₂的掺入对传统掺硅灰、粉煤灰超高强水泥基胶凝材料强度及工作性能的影响。在保证水胶比不变的条件下,开展了混凝土配合比试验,并研究了纳米SiO₂对混凝土抗压强度的影响及其微观机理。结果表明：超高强高流态混凝土中胶凝材料最优比例为：纳米SiO₂：硅灰：粉煤灰：水泥=1：8：20：71;在胶凝材料用量为600~1 000 kg/m³范围内,随着其掺量的增加,混凝土流动度不断增加,抗压强度先增大后减小,当其掺量为800 kg/m³时,抗压强度最大。分析认为,纳米SiO₂、硅灰与粉煤灰形成的三元多尺度堆积体系能优化粉体材料在混凝土中的微集料密实填充效应,纳米SiO₂的二次水化反应也有效改善了硬化水泥石的微观结构,并优化其形态分布,进一步增大其强度。     

碱激发复合渣体混凝土的试验研究

为利用碱(水玻璃、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠)激发粉煤灰和其他工业废渣(矿渣、锂渣及硅灰),改变这些渣体在混凝土中传统利用方式,以便更充分发挥这些工业渣体的活性,研究激发剂的种类、矿渣和粉煤灰的比例及粉煤灰和其他工业废渣复合时对混凝土强度的影响.结果表明,利用水玻璃和氢氧化钠复合激发可配制出强度更高的混凝土,当粉煤灰和矿渣的比例为80∶20时,混凝土28 d抗压强度仍可达66 MPa,粉煤灰∶矿渣∶锂渣∶硅灰=50∶30∶15∶5时,在不采用任何特殊措施的条件下,可配制出28 d抗压强度达85 MPa的环境降负性高强混凝土.同时,对这种混凝土的抗碳化性能进行研究,碳化试验表明,强度等级在C60~C80之间的混凝土,无论从保护钢筋的角度还是碳化后强度的变化情况考虑,其抗碳化性完全可以满足一般建筑的要求.     

Hydration Kinetics of Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration(MSWI) Fly Ash-Cement

Hydration heat behavior and kinetics of blended cement containing up to 20% MSWI fly ash were investigated based on its hydration heat evolution rate measured by isothermal calorimeter. Kinetics parameters, N and K, and hydration degree, Ca(OH)_2 content, were also calculated and analyzed. According to the experimental results, the induction period was elongated, the second heat evolution peak was in advance, and the third hydration heat peak could be detected due to MSWI fly ash pozzolanic reaction. The hydration reaction rate was controlled by nucleation kinetics in the acceleration period and then by diffusion in the decay period, but in the deceleration period, the hydration experienced a dual controlling reaction of autocatalytic chemical reaction and diffusion. The hydration rate of blended cement was faster. Ca(OH)_2 content increased before 14 days.     

微珠与硅灰、粉煤灰水化活性的对比研究

为研究微珠对二元复合胶凝材料体系水化硬化的影响机理,以及与粉煤灰、硅灰的差别,作者运用激光粒度分析(Laser Particle Sizer)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、微量热仪(Tam Air)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)等多种现代微观测试技术,对微珠的水化活性进行了系统的研究。结果表明,微珠的水化活性介于硅灰和粉煤灰二者之间。     

Performances of Concrete under Elevated Curing Temperature

The behaviors of concrete at elevated curing temperature were studied. The test results show that when concrete is cured at elevated temperature , a harmful consequence occurs. The later strength decreases significantly compared to that under normal curing condition. Incorporating silica fume, fly ash and slag or lowering wl c ratio can effectively alleviate this harmful consequence. Comparatively, incorporation of silica fume is the most efficient means to decrease the later strength reduction. The harmful consequence is not caused by the difference in degree of hydration since the degree of hydration is similar between elevated curing temperature and normal curing conthion . The SEM analysis shows that it is the uneven distribution of hydration products caused by elevated curing temperature that leads to the later strength reduction of concrete.     

矿物掺合料对机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆性能的影响

试验选用普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥与半水石膏的三元胶凝体系,选用机制砂作为细集料,制备全机制砂水泥基自流平砂浆。选用粉煤灰、石粉与硅灰作为矿物掺合料,并研究矿物掺合料对全机制砂制水泥基自流平砂浆流动度、抗压抗折强度与尺寸变化率的影响。研究结果表明：矿物掺合料的火山灰效应对自流平砂浆力学性能的发展产生积极影响,自流平砂浆流动度随硅灰掺量的增加而减小。通过正交试验优化自流平砂浆配方,得到最优矿物掺合料掺量为粉煤灰7%、石灰石粉4%、硅灰1.0%。     

粉煤灰混凝土绝热温升的试验研究

目的 研究不同粉煤灰的掺量和不同水肢比条件下粉煤灰混凝土的绝热温升和胶凝材料水化速率的发展规律．方法 利用混凝土绝热温升仪测试混凝土绝热温升．结果 在水胶比0．53条件下，混凝土的绝热温升值随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而下降；在水胶比0．25条件下。绝热温升值先随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而增大，当掺量达40％以后绝热温升值开始下降。混凝土中胶凝材料的水化速率峰值随粉煤灰掺量增加而下降．结论 粉煤灰混凝土的绝热温升受水胶比和粉煤灰掺量共同影响，低水胶比条件下只有适当增加粉煤灰的掺量才能降低粉煤灰混凝土的绝热温升；高水胶比条件下。粉煤灰混凝土的绝热温升随粉煤灰掺量增加而下降。     

Early-age Electrical Resistivity and Reactive Capacity of Mineral Admixtures in Mortars

1 IntroductionPozzolanic capacity of mineral admixture in concreteis usually tested by direct reaction with Ca(OH)2whilemonitoringthe consumption of lime (or strength develop-ment) .In theory,it is possible to completely react withall the calcium hydroxide , but this happens in practiceinfrequently.Some standards for methods ,among whichthere are chemical analysis and physical tests ,are devel-opedin some countries to allowaccurate characterizationof pozzolanic materials[1-3].And crrently,th…     

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

The improvements of the mechanical properties, including bulk density of fresh mixtures, elastic modulus, and compressive strengths of four high - performance concrete mixtures, made with the addition of fly ash, refined ground blast - furnace microslag(microslag) and silica fume are studied. The concrete mixtures were determined based on the dispersion testing results. The study indicates that the elastic modulus at 28 and 91 days, and compressive strengths of the concretes are improved a lot when fly ash and microslag by 25 percent by weight of ce-     

磷酸镁水泥改性试验研究

通过分别掺加粉煤灰、微硅粉和可分散乳胶粉对磷酸镁水泥(MPC)进行改性,研究了粉煤灰掺量、微硅粉掺量和可分散乳胶粉掺量对磷酸镁水泥浆体流动性、凝结硬化时间和抗压强度的影响。根据实验结果,分别选取了粉煤灰掺量为50%,微硅粉掺量为10%和可分散乳胶粉掺量为2%的改性MPC净浆,测试分析了MPC及改性MPC粘结强度、收缩性能、耐磨性和耐水性。结果表明,不同的改性材料对MPC性能带来不同的影响,其中掺入粉煤灰不仅降低了MPC成本,而且对各项性能有所改善,微硅粉仅对耐水性和耐磨性带来改善,乳胶粉较大地提高了粘结性能和耐水性。     

硅灰掺量对活性粉末混凝土(RPC200)性能的影响

为了解硅灰对活性粉末混凝土性能的影响,以及硅灰在活性粉末混凝土中的增强机理,通过试验分析,讨论了活性粉末混凝土中硅灰掺量变化对混凝土密度、相对密度和抗压强度等性能的影响.硅灰的微填充效应有利于提高活性粉末混凝土的密度和相对密度,而火山灰效应有利于提高其强度.当硅灰掺量约为水泥掺量的25%~35%时,可获得性能较好的RPC200.为降低成本而又不大幅度损害活性粉末混凝土的强度,超细粉煤灰等矿物掺合料替代硅灰的量不宜超过20%.     

Evaluating Deterioration of Concrete by Sulfate Attack

Effects of factors such as water to cement ratio, fly ash and silica fume on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack were investigated by dry-wet cycles and immersion method. The index of the resistance to sulfate attack was used to evaluate the deterioration degree of concrete damaged by sulfate. The relationship between the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and its permeability/porosity were analyzed as well as its responding mechanism. Results show that the depth of sulfate crystal attack from surface to inner of concrete can be reduced by decreasing w/c and addition of combining fly ash with silica fume. The variation of relative elastic modulus ratio and relative flexural strength ratio of various specimens before and after being subjected to sulfate attack was compared.     

中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题

为了提高水工大体积混凝土中的粉煤灰掺量,研究了中热水泥 粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题.通过抗折和抗压强度试验研究了粉煤灰掺量对中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的强度的影响，通过水化率测定和XRD分析研究了中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的水化特性.结果表明：在强度实验中，粉煤灰存在一个允许掺量，这个掺量随着养护龄期的增长而提高0.3 d和28 d时，允许掺量小于10%， 而在3.5a时，允许掺量高达65%以上；体系中粉煤灰的水化速率很慢，粉煤灰明显降低了体系中的Ca(OH)₂，随着粉煤灰掺量增加和龄期延长，Ca(OH)₂减少.在中热水泥-粉煤灰体系中并不存在贫钙问题.     

掺合料混凝土抗硫酸盐性能及评价方法

研究了硅灰、矿渣微粉和粉煤灰三种常用矿物掺合料对混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力的影响。试验结果表明:三种矿物掺合料均可改善混凝土的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力,作用效率由高至低依次为:硅灰>矿渣>粉煤灰;掺合料混凝土中砂浆膨胀值发展与混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀程度有良好相关性,采用混凝土中砂浆的膨胀值和抗压强度比两项指标能较准确的评价混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀的能力。     

Ultra high early strength self-compacting mortar based on sulfoaluminate cement and silica fume

The influences of silica fume and aluminum sulfate on hydration process of sulfoaluminate cement were carried out by ring flow, setting time, hydration heat, XRD and DTG analyses. In addition, mortar mixtures with different functional additives have been studied through compressive strength, flexural strength, volume stability at early age and porosity characterization tests. The results show that the addition of silica fume and aluminum sulfate reduces the fluidity and shortens the setting time of sulfoaluminate cement paste, promoting hydration process and increasing hydration products at early age. In the case of appropriate proportion of mortar, the inclusion of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, dispersible polypropylene fiber and organic silicon kind of defoamer can control segregation and bleeding, improve mechanical strength and volume stability at early age, and modify the pore distribution of sulfoaluminate cement mortar, respectively. The sulfoaluminate cement mortar can carry out gravitational grouting in the absence of outside force, the compressive strength of 2 hours and 24 hours have reached 26 and 58 MPa respectively, and have good microexpansion and tiny pore distribution characterization.