苯丙乳液对水泥基材料氯离子固化能力的影响

研究了不同掺量苯丙乳液对水泥基材料氯离子固化能力的影响.将苯丙乳液分别以水泥质量的1％和3％掺入到水泥净浆中,分别研究7 d和28 d不同龄期和不同苯丙乳液掺量条件下的水泥基材料氯离子固化能力.研究发现1％苯丙乳液掺量下,7 d和28 d氯离子固化率对空白组提高率分别为11.69％和12.06％,而3％掺量下,7 d和28 d的氯离子固化率提高率分别为12.59％和13.39％.通过XRD、TG、SEM等测试方法研究表明苯丙乳液会促进水泥水化生成更多的C-S-H凝胶吸附水泥中的自由氯离子,提高氯离子物理吸附率;并且能够促进水泥基材料中F盐和K盐的生成,使氯离子参与形成稳定的水化产物,提高了氯离子化学固化率;以上两方面综合作用使得苯丙乳液加入水泥中之后能够提高水泥对氯离子的固化率.     

环氧树脂乳液改性水泥基修补材料研究进展

普通水工混凝土,在腐蚀性介质的作用下其使用寿命缩短.加入环氧乳液是解决这一问题的一种有效途径,并且环氧乳液能够显著改善水泥基材料的性能.介绍了环氧乳液及其改性水泥基材料的国内外研究现状;后者分环氧乳液改性水泥砂浆和环氧胶泥两种情况讨论;综述了环氧乳液改性水泥基材料的改性机理,从环氧乳液在水泥砂浆中作用的基本原理、环氧乳液对水泥作用、水泥对环氧乳液的作用以及环氧乳液改性水泥基材料的微观结构等四个方面讨论.最后,对环氧乳液改性水泥基材料的研究方向进行了展望.     

丁苯水泥改性剂改性水泥基材料的机理研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外丁苯水泥改性剂(Styrene-Butadiene Cement Modifier,SBCM)改性水泥基材料的改性机理方面的研究进展.从理论角度归纳总结了SBCM改性水泥基材料的机理,并从3个方面进行了讨论,即SBCM对水泥水化过程、改性水泥基材料的微观结构与孔结构的影响.最后介绍了SBCM自身的组成及结构对改性水泥基材料的性能影响.     

环氧乳液改性水泥基材水化过程的硬化机理

极端环境和复杂荷载条件对混凝土结构的材料性能提出了更高的要求,聚合物通过改性水泥基材提高混凝土性能的方法已经得到了广泛应用。本研究为揭示环氧乳液改性水泥基材水化过程的硬化机理,通过等温放热试验分析环氧乳液对水泥水化放热过程的影响,结合原位XRD技术跟踪水泥主要矿物熟料和水化产物在水化反应早期的相含量发展。研究结果表明,环氧乳液对水泥水化的阻滞作用与环氧颗粒、水泥矿物熟料和水化产物之间的相互作用有关,并随着水化时间的延长,相互作用效果越明显。在水泥胶凝体系中,环氧乳液会减缓水化放热速率,降低水化放热峰值,减少累积放热量。环氧乳液通过抑制水泥矿物(C₃S、C₃A、石膏)的溶解和水化产物(钙矾石、氢氧化钙)的析出,延缓硅酸盐反应和铝酸盐反应;环氧乳液对水泥水化的影响随着其掺量的增加而增强。     

苯丙乳液改性砂浆的微观结构与性能(英文)

用2种具有不同性质的苯丙乳液来研究聚合物对砂浆各种性能的影响,测量了不同聚合物掺量下,聚合物改性砂浆的流动性及力学性能.通过测量砂浆凝结硬化过程中绝热温升来研究聚合物对砂浆中水泥水化过程的影响.用扫描电子显微镜观察了聚合物改性砂浆的微观结构.结果表明:由于聚合物成膜及其与水泥水化产物的相互作用.砂浆的力学性能得到显著改善.聚合物的性质不同,对砂浆性能的影响作用不同.环境扫描电子显微镜对新拌水泥浆的原位观察证实了乳液聚合物粒子在水泥颗粒上的迅速吸附,为解释聚合物对新拌砂浆流动性能的改善以及对水泥水化的延滞作用提供了直接证据.     

硅烷偶联剂改性苯丙乳液水泥复合材料的力学性能及孔隙结构

采用不同掺量的硅烷偶联剂制备了硅烷偶联剂改性苯丙乳液水泥复合材料,测试了其定伸粘结性能、拉伸力学性能、剪切力学性能,并对其孔隙结构进行了测定,结果表明:硅烷偶联剂的掺入对苯丙乳液水泥复合材料的定伸粘结性影响不大,但当掺量超过1％时,材料的弹性恢复率显著下降,掺量达到3％时,弹性恢复率降至60％以下;硅烷偶联剂能有效改善苯丙乳液水泥复合材料的拉伸力学性能和剪切力学性能;掺入硅烷偶联剂可以降低苯丙乳液水泥复合材料中孔隙形成的概率,并细化其孔隙结构;硅烷偶联剂的掺量为粉料质量的2％时,苯丙乳液水泥复合材料的力学性能相对较好.     

核壳苯丙乳液改性水泥基材料微观结构研究进展

苯丙乳液作为一类防"渗漏"聚合物基改性剂被广泛应用于混凝土水泥材料中,目前采用引入带功能基团单体、粒子设计及优化聚合工艺、无皂乳液聚合等方法来制备性能优良的苯丙乳液,再与水泥基材料、消泡剂、减水剂共混得绿色聚合物水泥材料。研究结果表明:苯丙乳液微观结构中粒径约为100 nm左右,具有良好的成膜及稳定性,能够有效地渗透到混凝土基材料的毛细孔、微裂缝中,从而提高砂浆的致密性。     

水泥基材料聚合物改性机理研究的最新进展

本文介绍了近年来国内外在聚合物改善水泥基材料性能的机理探索方面的研究进展.从理论角度对水泥基材料聚合物改性的机理进行了归纳与总结,着重讨论了聚合物对水泥水化的影响,聚合物改性水泥基材料的微观结构,由此推出复合材料结构形成模型以及聚合物改性水泥基材料的孔结构等几个方面.     

养护条件对EVA乳液改性水泥浆体水化行为和孔结构的影响

本文制备了不同乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)乳液含量的聚合物改性硅酸盐水泥浆体,对比了其在相同水灰比,不同养护制度(标准养护、蒸汽养护)条件的水化性能与孔结构。通过X射线衍射分析、水化热分析、压汞分析、氮吸附测试,以及立方体抗压强度测试评价了EVA乳液在不同养护状态下对水泥水化产物、水化特性、孔结构以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明,与标准养护相比,蒸汽养护下EVA乳液没有改变水泥水化产物,在EVA乳液较高掺量下,降低了其延缓水泥水化的程度,降低了试样的孔隙率,并且增加了试样中小孔的含量,而蒸汽养护削弱了EVA乳液对水泥净浆强度的负面影响。     

交联改性苯丙乳液在水性油墨中的应用

分别以邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)、杂环甲基丙烯酸酯单体(TRM WAM Ⅲ)和乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(AAEMA)作为传统苯丙乳液的交联改性剂,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法制备交联改性苯丙乳液;然后以此为连接料,制备水性油墨.研究了传统苯丙乳液、交联改性苯丙乳液以及进口同类产品对水性油墨的摩擦牢度、稳定性能和耐水性能...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.