第二代RHT系列渣油加氢处理催化剂的工业应用

介绍了中国石化石油化工科学研究院（简称RIPP）开发的第二代渣油加氢处理（RHT）系列催化剂在中国石化海南炼油化工有限公司3.10 Mt/a催化裂化原料预处理装置（RDS）的工业应用情况。结果表明：第二代RHT系列催化剂的加氢脱硫、降残炭性能明显优于国外某公司渣油加氢催化剂,这在催化剂运转的中后期尤为明显, 催化剂稳定性较好,运转周期较国外剂长2个月。     

东营凹陷隐蔽油气藏的成藏模式

以东营凹陷为例，利用圈闭形成期法、烃源岩主要生排烃期法、流体包裹体分析和油藏地球化学分析等方法对盆地流体历史进行分析并建立了时空配套的成藏模式。研究表明，东营凹陷隐蔽油气藏成藏期主要有2期，即古近纪东营期为早期成藏，新近纪馆陶期和明化镇期为晚期成藏，且成藏规模超过早期；不同层系及不同构造单元中的油气藏，主要形成期存在差异，烃源岩层系中的岩性油气藏形成时间较早、油气充注时间长；由深部向浅部，由凹陷中心向斜坡和凸起边缘，油气藏的主要形成期有逐渐变晚的趋势。隐蔽油气藏的形成和演化经历了3个阶段：①圈闭形成期，对应于加里东至喜山运动一幕；②第一成藏期，对应于喜山运动二幕；③第二成藏期，对应于喜山运动三幕。     

SOME ASPECTS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF PROTO-KEROGEN IN RECENT OOIDS

Recent oolites from the Bahama Banks are shown to contain 1.23–4.13 wt% organic carbon of algal origin, chiefly in the form of proto-kerogen. Characterization of the ogranic matter by routine optical and chemical means revealed that, although it is immature, it has a very high potential for generating petroleum hydrocarbons.
It is suggested that with rise in temperature due to burial, and perhaps to catalytic influence of the host sediments, this proto-kerogen of algal-amorphous facies would, through time, generate significant amounts of hydrocarbons. In those oolite deposits with adequate porosity, the hydrocarbons could accumulate as petroleum.     

渤海湾盆地东营-惠民凹陷孔店期原型盆地分析

东营—惠民凹陷隶属渤海湾盆地,位于济阳坳陷的南部,古新统和始新统的下部的孔店组中已获工业性油气流。孔店组的含油气远景与控制形成油气藏各要素的孔店期盆地原型密切相关。该文通过分析构造演化剖面沉积相图,认为孔店期原型盆地为北断南超的伸展半地堑,盆地长轴方向整体为近东西向,主要的控制性断层是北东东向的宁南断层、无南断层西段和陈南断层西段,北西向的陈南断层东段、无南断层东段和石村断层有重要影响。北西向构造的影响在东部大于西部,孔店早期大于晚期。太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲以及亚洲东部大陆边缘由安第斯型向西太平洋型转化导致上地幔隆升作用的加剧和郯庐断层由左旋走滑向右旋走滑的转化是东营—惠民凹陷孔店期盆地发育地球动力学背景。      

汽油清净剂对汽油氧化安定性的影响

 考察了汽油清净剂对汽油氧化安定性的影响。方差分析表明，加剂汽油洗后胶质和洗前胶质主要影响因素均为汽油清净剂，其次为汽油；而加剂汽油诱导期主要影响因素为汽油，汽油清净剂影响较小。加剂汽油诱导期与空白汽油诱导期之间呈线性关系。随着加剂浓度的增加，胶质和诱导期均呈线性关系变化。清净剂加入汽油中，洗前胶质显著增加，为8.3~39.7 mg/100 mL，为空白汽油的2.5~42倍；洗后胶质普遍下降，下降率为15.0%~83.3%；诱导期变化幅度为-9.0%~14.0%。在选用清净剂时，通常选用对诱导期影响小，洗后胶质下降率大的清净剂。     

半潜式平台水动力性能研究

介绍了近年来国内外关于半潜式平台水动力性能的研究,包括垂荡运动性能、低频运动性能、气隙问题、涡激运动,以及基于水动力分析的参数优化设计和新概念设计等,并对水动力性能数值预报方法进行了分析。     

渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷渤南洼陷原油地球化学特征及成藏期分析

下第三系沙四段是沾化凹陷渤南洼陷深层主要产油层,目前关于沙四段原油的油源和成藏期问题还存在不同的认识。通过对研究区储层流体包裹体分析,结合沙四段原油的地球化学特征,沙三段和沙四段烃源岩的生、排烃资料及构造演化资料,讨论了沙四段油藏的形成历史。研究表明,渤南洼陷沙四段曾发生过2期油气充注:第一期始于沙二段沉积末期,主要时期为沙一段沉积后期到东营组沉积中期,由于构造抬升,至东营组沉积末期(28.8 Ma)可能存在间断;第二期油气聚集从馆陶组沉积初期到明化镇组沉积早期,主要在馆陶组沉积期。油气成藏时期与沙四段和沙三段烃源岩的主要生、排烃期是相一致的。由此推测,沙三段与沙四段油源的相对贡献主要取决于烃源岩与油源断层及圈闭的空间配置关系。      

中国西部挤压型盆地中逆断层带的生长机制及油气勘探问题

生长逆断层发育的构造地质环境是挤压型盆地内、进覆层序中.生长逆断层的话动:(1)上盘为主动盘的早期冲断推举活动期.(2)下盘为主动盘的潜移滑动同生性活动期.(3)由差异沉积为主导的向上长人活动期.由(1)~(3)可看作一个完整的生长逆断层活动旋回.复杂的冲断带可能是多次旋回的活动结果. 冲断带找油投资多、风险大,应该寻找与有利生油凹陷相依随的隐伏冲断带作勘探对象,并不是任何冲断带都可作为有利的找油新领域的.     

CLAY-MINERAL STUDIES OF THE SUBSURFACE NIGER DELTA

Mineralogical studies of Tertiary subsurface sediments in the Niger Delta have shown that smectite, kaolinite, mixed-layer illite/smectite and illite are the principal clay minerals, with subordinate quantities of chlorite. Clays from the Recent delta have similar mineralogical compositions.
Sediments in the eastern Niger Delta are contributed by rivers which drain the Oban and Bamenda Massifs, and the Tertiary volcanics and Cretaceous sediments of the Benue Trough. Sediments in the central and western delta are derived by weathering of the North, Central and SW Nigerian Basement, and also from Cretaceous sediments which are drained by the Niger/Benue river systems.
The clay-mineral assemblages of the western, central and eastern Niger Delta sequences differ. These differences are thought to be related to geothermal gradients, environments of deposition, source materials, pore-waters chemistry and basin tectonics.
Clay-mineral assemblages from nine wells in the Niger Delta are used in this study as a possible means of correlation. A relationship can be established between clay mineralogy and the occurrence of hydrocarbons in the wells investigated.     

汾渭盆地第四系古地磁年令

汾渭盆地第四系底界的划分,有两种意见:一种主张划在三门组底部;另一种认为应下降至张家坡组之底。究竟那一种意见比较合理,最近得到一些古地磁测量数据,颇能说明问题,尽管古地磁成果在没有同位素年令数据配合下,单独确定地层年代尚有困难，然而依据地磁极性变化的全球性，借助A.考克思的标准极性年代表，通过对比，还是可以提供一些很有意义的资料。本文根据陕西武功、咸阳周陵两个钻孔的古地磁测量数据，结合其它有关材料，探讨汾渭盆地第四系的划分。     

循环氢压缩机干气密封的故障分析及改进措施

介绍了干气密封的结构及工作原理。针对柴油加氢装置循环氢压缩机运行过程中干气密封出现的泄漏问题,进行了原因分析,并提出了改进措施,使干气密封寿命由3个半月延长至15个月以上。     

THE SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE RED SEA AND GULF OF ADEN

Onset of rifting, and flooding by marine waters, occurred in the late Oligocene in the Gulf of Aden and southern Red Sea. The northern part of the Red Sea may have been a largely continental rift at this initial stage, but continued rifting established marine conditions throughout the system by the early Miocene. Episodic isolation of the Red Sea system, leading to evaporite deposition in some basins, commenced in the mid-Miocene and over two kilometres of salt had accumulated in most Red Sea basins by the end of the Miocene.
Re-establishment of persistently-marine conditions occurred in the Pliocene, and marine recharge is now sufficiently high to permit vigorous carbonate build-ups in shallow-water areas.
Clastic sediment textures suggest that marginal escarpments, which first developed during the onset of rifting, were strongly uplifted in the Pliocene-to-Recent period. Subsidence of basin floors seems to have been particularly rapid during the period dominated by salt deposition.
If eruption of sea-floor basalts in the axial rift areas is excluded, volumetrically important volcanism is centred on the present Afar triangle area, and is confined to the Oligocene and early Miocene. The amount of contemporary volcanic débris in the sandstones is consequently not particularly high. Some sandstones in northern Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt do contain abundant acidic volcanic clasts, but these are derived from the Proterozoic basement and cause less diagenetic reservoir damage than contemporary glassy volcanic ash.
Sandstones deposited in freely-drained alluvial fan settings are characterised by early diagenetic kaolinite, whereas those of sabkha and marginal-marine settings tend to show relatively early diagenetic chlorite. Those alluvial fan sandstones which were subsequently invaded by reduced pore waters expelled from the basin axis, and those in the basin axis, often developed later diagenetic chlorite.     

塔里木盆地上奥陶统沉积及古地理特征

晚奥陶世是塔里木盆地沉积—构造重要的转换时期,在寒武—中奥陶世西浅东深的古地理基础上,叠加了南北向隆坳相间的格局,形成了塔里木盆地中西部的混积陆棚沉积体系和东部的深海槽盆沉积体系。由于构造运动的不均衡,中西部的混积陆棚沉积体系无论在纵向和横向上都有很大变化。纵向上呈现出由早期有较多内源碳酸盐沉积到晚期以大量陆源物为主的变化。早中期发育以恰尔巴克组为代表的碳酸盐缓坡沉积(塔北南部和巴楚唐王城一带)和以良里塔格组为代表的碳酸盐台地沉积,形成了塔中、塔北及巴楚唐王城3个碳酸盐台地;晚期则发育以碎屑岩为主的桑塔木组斜坡—潮坪沉积。横向上,远离周边隆起的深坳地区发育却尔却克组混积外陆棚深水盆地浊积沉积(混积陆棚东部)和混积外陆棚深水盆地静水泥岩沉积(柯坪、沙西、阿瓦提一带)。水体较浅、海底坡度较缓的巴楚断隆地区则为混积内陆棚沉积。东部深海槽盆为超补偿深海浊积沉积,与中西部陆棚之间仍保持着地形陡变的坡折带,与外陆棚沉积比较,其浊积层序更发育,粗碎屑也明显增多。      

环己酮装置废碱液分离技术的工业应用

为解决环己烷氧化法制备环己酮中氧化液废碱的分离问题，提出了将重力沉降技术、旋流分离技术和聚结分离技术依次串联组合的梯度分离技术，同时采用较为先进的两段逆流碱洗工艺，实现水的循环利用。该技术在巴陵石油化工有限责任公司80kt/a环己酮生产装置上的应用结果表明，当一级碱洗分离器进口Na+含量在2.92%～3.20%，经过碱洗分离系统处理后，聚结器出口有机相中Na+的质量浓度由改造前的6 mg/L以上降低为3mg/L以下，聚结器出口有机相中水含量由改造前的0.1%~0.2%降低为0.05%左右。环己酮生产工艺中烷蒸馏塔工作周期由改造前的平均2个月延长至9个月以上，实现整套装置长周期稳定运转。同时，降低了生产成本，减少了环境污染。     

南黄海北部盆地张裂阶段演化特征

南黄海北部盆地张裂阶段经历4期拉张。同期半地堑具多种组合形式,它们控制沉积物分布,导致各凹陷具不同沉降史。不同期半地堑的叠合反映盆地在时序上的演化特征。盆地拉张应力曾发生旋转,拉张速率从慢到快再到慢。阜宁期拉张作用最强烈,拉张方间近N-S向,是盆地的全面形成时期。     

馏分循环对延迟焦化加热炉管结焦规律影响的实验研究

结合克拉玛依石化公司延迟焦化工艺,就馏分循环对焦化加热炉受热结焦规律进行实验研究,主要考察采用不同类型馏分油循环、不同循环比时炉管中结焦趋势的变化规律,并进一步研究循环物流所携带焦粉对炉管结焦的影响规律。结果表明,不同焦化原料的性质(如密度、粘度、残炭等)和组成差别都较大;相对于减压渣油而言,加热炉进料的结焦诱导期较长,表明采样期间的循环焦化方案利于抑制焦化加热炉炉管的结焦。深入研究发现,不同循环馏分都可不同程度抑制炉管结焦,尤其以分馏塔焦化循环油加入后的结焦诱导期最长;随着循环比的增大,结焦诱导期不断延长,但循环比在0.6以上时的影响变化不大;循环馏分携带来的焦粉对加热炉炉管中的结焦具有一定促进作用。     

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING IN THE BASEMENT OF THE ZAGROS FOLD AND THRUST BELT

Lateral offsets in the pattern of seismicity along the Zagros fold and thrust belt indicate that transverse faults segmenting the Arabian basement are active deep‐seated strike‐slip faults. The dominant NW‐SE trending features of the belt have undergone repeated horizontal displacements along these transverse faults. These reactivated basement faults, which are inherited from the Pan‐African construction phase, controlled both deposition of the Phanerozoic cover before Tertiary‐Recent deformation of the Zagros and probably the entrapment of hydrocarbons on the NE margin of Arabia and in the Zagros area. We have used observations of faulting recognized on Landsat satellite images, in conjunction with the spatial distribution of earthquakes and their focal mechanism solutions, to infer a tectonic model for the Zagros basement. Deformation in the NW Zagros appears to be concentrated on basement thrusts and a few widely‐spaced north‐south trending strike‐slip faults which separate major structural segments. In the SE Zagros, two main structural domains can be distinguished. A domain of NNW‐trending right‐lateral faults in the northern part of the SE Zagros implies that fault‐bounded blocks are likely to have rotated anticlockwise about vertical axes relative to both Arabia and Central Iran. In contrast, the predominance of NNE‐trending left‐lateral faults in the southern part of the SE Zagros implies that fault‐bounded blocks may have rotated clockwise about vertical axes. We propose a tectonic model in which crustal blocks bounded by strike‐slip faults in a zone of simple shear rotate about vertical axes relative to both Arabia and Central Iran. The presence of domains of strike‐slip and thrust faulting in the Zagros basement suggest that some of the convergence between Arabia and Central Iran is accommodated by rotation and possible lateral movement of crust along the belt by strike‐slip faults, as well as by obvious crustal shortening and thickening along thrust faults.     

桂中拗陷下泥盆统郁江阶—下石炭统生油运移期与构造配置关系初探

桂中拗陷是在加里东褶皱基底上发育起来的沉积拗陷。上古生界至中三叠统,海相沉积厚逾万米。其中下泥盆统郁江阶至下石炭统,最大沉积厚度可达5500多米。地表油气显示类型多、分布广,为本区找油(气)主要目的层。然而,后期改造强烈,对油气的生成、运移、聚集和破坏有很大的影响。      

数据压缩技术在地震勘探中的应用

本文介绍沃希变换和符号位检测在地震勘探中的应用.当前,各种数字地震仪都是把各次采样和各道间数据作为独立的、不相关的信息进行传输和记录,因而传输和记录了大量多余的信息.实际上,各次采样和各道间的数据都密切相关,可以将这些信号的数据进行压缩,以充分应用传输和记录信道,提高地震勘探的效率.目前,统计数学、数学技术和半导体技术的成就,已可以实现在检波器站上将数据压缩;在计算站上也有从压缩的数据中检出有用的信息恢复其本来面貌的能力.这就为研制数据压缩的地震仪创造了条件.     

早期试井分析的新方法

常规试井和现代试井分析方法只成功地处理了中期试井资料,对早期试井资料的分析往往是失败的.本文提出一种新方法,将最优化和灰色系统方法成功地用于均质、非均质油气藏和DST中,所解释的Kh、S值和中期试井结果一致.从而使大量抛弃的早期资料重新变为丰富的信息.