马钢RH KTB流场的数值模拟

利用CFX数值计算软件建立的数值耦合模型对马钢RH KTB的流场进行了分析,得出了包括钢包、真空室、上升管、下降管的RH全系统的流场状态及其在精炼过程中的变化规律。在RH吹氩气液两相区的处理上,应用了非均相多相流模型。模拟结果表明RH真空室内流场中存在小环流现象。     

RH TB浸渍管长寿技术研究与应用

结合鞍钢1700ASP中薄板坯连铸生产硅钢的实践，系统分析了RH TB浸渍管的损毁机理，并据此采取了相应的改进措施。通过优化烘烤制度、维护方式、生产组织模式和生产工艺，有效地提高了鞍钢1700ASP线RH TB浸渍管的使用寿命，为鞍钢1700ASP线硅钢的稳定生产提供了保证。     

RH设备形状对钢液流动和混合特性的影响

采用水模拟和数值模拟方法对大真空室、椭圆浸渍管及常规RH模型的流场特性进行分析和比较.经过对循环流量和混匀时间的测定,得出椭圆管RH的流场特性参数最佳,大真空RH与普通RH相近.椭圆管RH增大循环流量后可促进脱碳,大真空RH则大大提高钢液表面反应层的脱碳效果,但其对提升气量和工艺操作条件有严格的要求.结合2种改进模型的特点,对RH设备进行几何和供气参数的优化匹配是提高精炼效率的关键.     

超低碳弱脱氧钢炉渣硫容量和硫分配比探讨

首先简述了现有炉渣硫容量的预测模型,包括光学碱度模型和皇家工学院(kungliga tekniska h9gskolan,简称KTH)模型等,同时提出利用FactSage软件计算炉渣的硫容量,并与前两种模型进行对比。结果表明,这3种模型都能较好地预测RH顶渣的硫容量;利用FactSage软件对超低碳钢钢-渣间的硫分配比进行计算,计算结果与检测结果非常接近。因此,FactSage软件可以用来预测超低碳弱脱氧钢RH(Ruhrstahl-Hereaeus)顶渣的硫容量和钢-渣间的硫分配比,并指导生产实践。同时指出,对于超低碳钢的生产,增大RH顶渣中w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)比值,降低渣中(FeO+MnO)和SiO_2的质量分数,可以将钢液中硫质量分数控制在较低水平。     

中间包连浇过程非稳态流场与温度场的数值模拟研究

通过计算得出在浇注过程中连铸中间包包壁瞬态热量损失作为边界条件的基础上,建立了连铸中间包内钢液流动与传热耦合数学模型,对连浇过程中中间包内非稳态的温度场和流场进行了数值模拟,考察了中间包连浇5个包次过程中钢液热量损失、温度分布以及流场情况,为现场操作和工艺优化提供依据和指导。     

转炉矩形坯连铸生产特殊钢白点攻关实践

介绍了本钢转炉－矩形坯连铸生产特殊钢工艺流程攻关白点的技术历程，通过采取严格的原辅料管理及合金烘烤制度，白点出现率大幅度降低，但未能完全消除。最终矩形坯特殊钢全部经RH真空处理工艺，通过定氢仪定氢，氢质量分数大幅度降低，并完全消除了白点。文中所采取措施均有助于降低该工艺生产特殊钢白点出现率，并且以生产实践中的统计数据证实，采用RH真空处理是完全解决特殊钢白点的途径。     

高炉煤气重力除尘器内部流场及除尘效率的数值模拟

为了提高高炉煤气重力除尘器的除尘效率,在高炉煤气重力除尘器内进行了安装漏斗型挡板和将进气管由中心管改为锥顶进气两项技术。采用FLUENT软件对除尘器内的气相流场和颗粒的运动轨迹进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明：改变进气方式以后,与旋风除尘器相似在重力除尘器内部产生了旋流;加入挡板后,在挡板下部形成一个气流死区,避免了二次扬尘的出现,而含尘气体与挡板间的碰撞是颗粒被分离出来的主要原因。固体颗粒的运动轨迹较为复杂,且带有一定的随机性,计算得出的除尘效率和实际试验数据吻合较好。     

RH真空精炼法浸渍管结构形式的发展

回顾了RH浸渍管结构形式的发展历史。除了简述常规双圆形浸渍管结构外,还介绍了单浸渍管结构、双椭圆形浸渍管结构、多浸渍管结构等3种新型RH结构及其试验研究。比较认为,新结构RH在循环流量、流场、脱碳方面均优于或至少相当于常规RH,但是由于其它新结构的RH结构复杂,只有单浸渍管结构RH已投入工业应用。     

RH炉浸渍管非对称腐蚀的数值模拟和应用

某钢厂 100 t RH炉存在上升管与下降管非对称腐蚀的问题,下部槽在上升管侧入口处的侵蚀远大于下降管侧出口处的侵蚀，无法满足设计的下部槽与浸渍管更换频率为1∶3的要求。通过数值模拟，对RH 炉吹气进行了流场模拟,得出了上升管和下降管的速度场分布,确定了该问题存在的原因是上升管与下降管内钢液的流速差异大，采取浸渍管对调等优化措施后，下部槽和浸渍管寿命分别达到 333和111炉，第3次浸渍管能与下部槽同步下线，降低了耐材成本。     

转炉炼钢出钢过程的数值模拟

不同直径的出钢口决定转炉出钢流场的分布,从而影响出钢过程的钢水温降,而钢水温降直接影响转炉出钢温度以及炼钢生产节奏。为掌握出钢过程中的温降规律以及设计合理的出钢口参数,利用Ansys软件包建立三维转炉及钢包模型,借助数值模拟方法,研究得到200 t转炉在不同尺寸出钢口下的出钢流场数据,进而针对出钢过程中的钢水注流,研究出钢口尺寸及钢包内壁温度对注流温降的影响规律。研究发现,钢水注流的温降与注流比表面积成正比;另外在出钢早期,内壁温度每提升100 K,注流温降平均减小0.4~0.7 K。后续将继续开展出钢过程中钢包及合金辅料对钢水温降影响规律的研究,以期为转炉出钢工艺提供数据支撑。     

RH真空精炼过程循环流量的水模型研究

建立了钢厂250 t RH真空精炼装置1/4的水模型,研究浸渍管内径(520～750 mm)、驱动气体流量(1 000～3 000 L/min)、浸渍管浸入深度(525～800 mm)和真空室压力(0～25 kPa)等参数对RH循环流量的影响。结果表明,随驱动气体流量、浸渍管浸入深度增加、浸渍管内径增大以及真空室压力减少,RH钢水循环流量增加;为获得较大流量,浸渍管浸入深度应≥560 mm,真空室液面高度应≥200 mm。得出循环流量的回归方程,通过对钢厂250 t RH设备工艺参数作相应调整后,RH装置的生产效率明显提高。     

RH装置内夹杂物聚合与去除的三维数值模拟

 摘 要：基于RH精炼装置内流场,建立了一个研究夹杂物聚合与去除行为的三维数学模型。数值结果表明,夹杂物在钢包内上升管左侧存在一个侧“V”分布,上升管下方及下降管右侧均存在大的环状分布;夹杂物浓度和数量密度具有相似的空间分布;钢包内夹杂物的平均数量密度及浓度大于真空室内的平均值;夹杂物在气液两相区浓度较低;整个过程前400秒夹杂物去除最快,900秒后可去除大部分夹杂物,在处理后期,夹杂物平均特征尺寸有减小的趋势。     

145 t RH真空精炼装置内钢液循环流动特性的水模型研究

基于相似原理,建立几何相似比1:7水模型研究了145t RH真空精炼装置内钢液循环流动行为,研究了提升气量(60~140 m³/h) 、浸渍管浸渍深度(400~600 mm) 、真空室液面高度(426~526 mm)对钢水循环流量和混匀时间的影响。结果表明,循环流量随提升气量增加而增大且呈近似线性关系,混匀时间随提升气量增加而呈非线性减小;500 mm的浸渍管浸渍深度和526 mm的真空室液面高度下均出现较理想的循环流量;130 m³/h提升气量、600 mm浸渍管浸渍深度和526 mm真空室液面高度可获得最佳循环流动特性。     

100 t单咀真空精炼炉底吹位置的优化

结合钢厂100 t单咀真空精炼炉相关参数,运用数值模拟的方法对脱气时单咀炉内的钢液流场进行了仿真计算,分析单咀炉内钢液流动的基本特征,研究了距底部圆心0.1～0.424 m吹气位置对钢液流场、钢液循环流量和混匀时间的影响。结果表明,原吹氩位置(距底部中心0.424 m),大部分氩气没有进入浸渍管,为避免氩气逸出,吹气孔距圆心应≤0.3 m;随吹气位置至圆心距离增大,钢水混匀时间减小,综合考虑钢液脱气效果和浸渍管寿命,最佳吹气位置应为距底部中心0.25～0.3 m处。     

单管RH精炼过程钢液流场的水模型实验

采用物理模拟方法对单管 RH 真空精炼过程流场的循环流动、混合特性等进行了研究,建立与 RH 真空精炼装置原型相似比为1∶5的水模型,研究了不同工艺参数对单管 RH 装置内钢液循环流动的影响。对比实验测量数据发现,增大吹氩量和浸渍管插入深度以及浸渍管有效横截面有利于提高循环流量,减小均混时间;在相同的实验条件下,椭圆形浸渍管 RH 比传统浸渍管 RH 的循环流量要大15％以上,单管 RH 的均混时间比传统RH 可以缩短20％;单管 RH 钢包底部吹氩位置位于距钢包中心0.4R(R 是钢包半径)处时,均混时间最短。     

Mathematical Simulation of Flow Field for Molten Steel in an 80–ton Single Snorkel Vacuum Refining Furnace

The three–dimensional flow field of molten steel in an 80–ton single snorkel vacuum refining furnace has been mathematically simulated to attain the optimal configuration and operation parameters, such as the bottom blowing Ar flow rate, the eccentric position of bottom blowing Ar port at ladle bottom, the single snorkel inner diameter, and the single snorkel immersion depth into molten steel. The mathematical simulation results show that a stable flow field of molten steel can be achieved in 70–second; meanwhile, the maximal circulation intensity of molten steel in the 80–ton single snorkel vacuum refining furnace can be found on a cross–section with y as 0 mm based on the middle of ladle bottom as circular point of the Cartesian space coordinate under the condition of injecting Ar gas on x coordinate considering the asymmetry of flow field for molten steel in the single snorkel vacuum refining furnace. The recommended parameters of the 80–ton single snorkel vacuum refining furnace with ideal circulation intensity as 970.1 kg/s are the bottom blowing Ar flow rate as 450–500 Nl/min, the eccentric position of bottom blowing Ar port as 250 mm, the single snorkel inner diameter as 1000 mm, and the single snorkel immersion depth as 500 mm.     

Simulation on flow field and mixing phenomenon in RH degasser with ladle bottom blowing

Abstract

A numerical method has been employed to investigate the flow field and mixing characteristic in the Rheinsahl–Heraeus (RH) degasser with side–bottom blowing. The numerical results showed that stream flows in the up snorkel, the vacuum chamber, the down snorkel and the ladle form a large rectangular circulation zone in the RH degasser with side–bottom blowing, which can enhance the circulation flow rate effectively. For an RH with side–bottom blowing, when the included angle of the line between bottom blowing location and ladle centre and the line between two snorkels is zero, the circulation flow rate increases initially with increasing dimensionless distance between the bottom blowing location and the ladle centre and then decreases, while the mixing time increases with increasing dimensionless distance. On the other hand, when the dimensionless distance is 0·2, both the circulation flow rate and the mixing time decrease with the increasing included angle initially, reach their minimum value and then increase. The optimum values for the dimensionless distance and the included angle to achieve large circulation flow rate and small mixing time are 0·2 and π/4 in the present work.     

Mathematical Modelling of Molten Steel Flow Process in a Whole RH Degasser during the Vacuum Circulation Refining Process: Application of the Model and Results

A three‐dimensional mathematical model for the molten steel flow during the RH refining process has been applied to the circulatory flow processes in both a practical RH degasser and its water model unit. The model was presented earlier [1] and one of its characteristics is that ladle, snorkels and vacuum vessel are regarded as a whole. Using this model, the fluid flow field and the gas holdups of liquid phases and others have been computed respectively for a 90 t RH degasser and its water model unit with a 1/5 linear scale. The results show that the mathematical model can properly describe the flow pattern of molten steel during the refining process in an RH degasser. Except in the area close to the liquid's free surface and in the zone between the two snorkels in the ladle, a strong mixing of the molten steel occurs, especially in the vacuum vessel. However, there is a boundary layer between the descending liquid stream from the down‐snorkel and its surrounding liquid, which is a typical liquid‐liquid two‐phase flow, and the molten steel in the ladle is not in a perfect mixing state. The lifting gas blown is ascending mostly near the up‐snorkel wall, which is more obvious under the conditions of a practical RH degasser, and the flow pattern of the bubbles and molten steel in the up‐snorkel is closer to an annular flow. The calculated circulation rates for the water model unit at different lifting gas rates are in good agreement with experimentally determined values.