火车站热舒适性调查与分析研究

为了研究自然通风条件下火车站候车厅的热环境和人体热舒适适应性模型,对春季成都火车北站候车厅旅客的热舒适感受进行了现场问卷调查,同时对热环境参数进行了现场测量.根据问卷调查和测量结果,统计分析了旅客候车时间、冷热和潮湿感受情况,得到了火车站候车厅在自然通风条件下的热适应性模型.     

夏热冬冷地区夏季居民热舒适调查及开窗行为模型研究

开窗行为是居民调节热舒适的一种方式。了解居民开窗行为规律对热舒适具有重要意义。本文采取现场仪器监测和问卷调查相结合的方法,对夏热冬冷地区某高校办公楼的三间空调办公室和两间自然通风办公室进行为期3个月的测试,结果发现空调房间和自然通风房间室内人员的温度感觉和湿度感觉分布有明显的不同,室内、外温度和居民的行为方式等因素对开窗行为有明显的影响。利用统计软件SPSS对开窗行为和室内、外温度进行统计分析,得到采用Binary Logistic回归模型来建立夏天居民在不同室内外温度条件下的开窗行为模型。     

基于通风网络模型的自然通风效果评价方法研究——以重庆某办公楼为例

自然通风效果的优劣对建筑节能及室内环境舒适性影响较大。目前已有的对建筑自然通风效果的评价大多是定性评价,且未同时考虑热舒适通风及卫生通风的要求。本文认为自然通风效果的评价,应以满足热舒适通风量的基本要求为前提,并应满足地方标准的相关要求。基于通风网络模型的基本原理,模拟建筑室内自然通风量,如果模拟通风量同时大于地方标准要求的通风量和公共建筑通风时段的热舒适通风量,则认为该建筑自然通风效果良好。最后,以重庆某办公楼为例,对其热舒适通风量、模拟通风量、节能标准要求和实测通风量进行对比分析,结果表明采用基于通风网络模型的软件模拟的自然通风量与实测通风量基本一致,说明此评价方法具有可行性。     

办公建筑中庭热环境实测与分析

针对成都地区某具有透明围护结构的办公建筑,对其中庭、各层回廊和走廊热环境进行现场实测,分析该建筑自然通风条件下的热环境。研究结果表明,该中庭垂直温度分层现象明显,中庭平均温度高于同层回廊及走廊平均温度,且回廊受中庭的热影响明显大于走廊。     

不同气流组织下冬季空调室内热舒适环境的数值模拟

基于K-ε模型和Fanger提出的热舒适性PMV评价指标,对三种不同气流组织条件下冬季室内热舒适环境进行了数值模拟,模拟结果给出了室内的速度、温度及舒适度PMV指标分布情况。研究结论为改善室内热舒适环境,舒适性空调系统的设计及节能控制提供了参考依据。     

北方铁路客站的夏季气候区划研究

以中国北方铁路客站的夏季降温作为研究背景,从影响室内人员热舒适的三个气候因素入手确定北方地区夏季气候区划标准,形成可视化的区划结果。以此为基础,选取不同区划的典型车站,利用EnergyPlus模拟计算某中型站在不同气候条件下采用自然通风的舒适小时数,并根据计算结果,对不同气候区提出了不同的通风降温方案。     

成都地区毛细管采暖系统运行特性与热舒适性分析

对成都地区一户式空气源热泵毛细管地板辐射采暖系统运行工况进行测试,测得了间歇运行模式下毛细管地板辐射采暖运行特性、规律以及室内热湿环境参数,并以所测参数为基础,对毛细管辐射采暖的热舒适性从一般热舒适性指标和局部热舒适性指标两方面进行分析。研究结果为该地区毛细管辐射采暖系统的推广提供了技术数据,并为该机组的进一步优化提供了参考。     

竖井型城市隧道自然通风模型实验研究

以连续竖井的静压分布特性为基础,采用分段模型实验方法,搭建了南京市某隧道模型,对正常交通状况下隧道交通风压进行实验,得到了隧道的自然通风特性及竖井通风的一般规律;建立了通风量与有害气体浓度之间关系的数学模型,研究了评价竖井对城市隧道自然通风效果影响的方法,并对该实际隧道通风效果做出评价,得出了竖井型城市隧道自然通风的相关结论,为此类城市隧道的设计及运营管理提供一定的参考。     

国内外通用室内环境热舒适评价标准的分析与比较

介绍了国内外通用的室内环境热舒适评价标准,即国际ISO7730系列标准、美国ASHRAE 55系列标准和我国国家标准GB/T 50785-2012等标准。从评价指标、模型和方法,热舒适区和适用条件三个方面进行分析,并对国内外通用的室内环境热舒适评价标准各自的发展变化及相互的异同进行了比较,得出了人体热舒适研究的发展趋势,及室内环境热舒适评价标准的优点及局限性,对我国建筑室内热湿环境热舒适的研究和评价标准的改进具有参考价值。     

室外环境人体热舒适评价

介绍了室外人体热舒适的影响因素,并分析了现有室外人体热舒适评价方法的局限性。在此基础上提出了一个能更全面合理地反映室外热舒适机理的新评价模型:"热生理-适应"模型。这一新评价模型的建立将为准确评价及预测不同室外环境下人体的热舒适奠定理论基础。     

基于焓湿图的被动式建筑节能策略分析

采用Weather Tool软件,结合武汉地区全年标准气象数据,在被动式太阳能采暖、增强围护结构蓄热性、夜间通风、自然通风、直接蒸发降温、间接蒸发降温六种被动式建筑节能策略及组合方案作用下,分析并研究其舒适性区域面积及舒适区域百分比情况,发现"增强围护结构蓄热性"和"自然通风"及其组合方案为最有效的技术手段,为建筑节能设计的被动式策略选择提供依据。     

Thermal comfort analysis of hostels in National Institute of Technology Calicut,India

Thermal comfort study was carried out in the hostels of National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, which is located in a warm humid climatic zone of India. Measurements of ambient temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and illuminance were carried out in eight hostels, and in parallel a paper-based survey was conducted among students to know about their Thermal Preference Vote (TPV) and Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) based on an ASHRAE seven-point scale. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) have been evaluated based on Fanger’s theory of thermal comfort by utilizing the field measurements. Preferred operative temperature and neutral effective temperature were obtained based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). Similarly the preferred operative temperature and neutral effective temperature were identified, for both Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and Thermal Preference Vote (TPV). Thermal comfort conditions for 80% satisfaction were also determined in each case. Correlations between the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) as well as between the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Thermal Preference Vote (TPV) were obtained.     

自然通风作用下生态建筑热环境测试与数值模拟

以上海地区一实际生态建筑为例，进行一系列的实际测试，并以测试结果为边界条件，应用零方程模型进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明，利用数值模拟的方法能够很好地预测室内热环境，同时在过渡季节利用自然通风能有效地改善室内热环境，较好地满足舒适性要求。     

置换通风室内热舒适性的数值模拟研究

利用CFD方法对一间采用置换通风系统的办公室进行了数值模拟，研究了不同送风参数下的室内流场，并用PPD、PMV等指标评价了室内的热舒适度。结果表明，热舒适度受送风参数的影响较大，并且其受温度的影响大于吹风的影响。最后指出，在送风参数选择合适的情况下，置换通风系统同样能提供良好的热舒适性。     

Interpretation on thermal comfort mechanisms of human bodies by combining Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model and Pennes bioheat equation

There is an electric voltage difference across the axonal membrane. Information is carried over the axon in the form of rapid changes in this voltage difference. The action potential travels rapidly along the axon from the neuron cell body toward the distal portion of the axon. Many investigators have studied the phenomenological events associated with membrane excitation due to various external electrical signals. But few efforts were made to test the thermal effect on neuron response in vivo and thus to develop its engineering implementations. This study proposed a novel strategy for evaluation of physiological comfort of biological bodies subject to a specific thermal environment using the self-sustained oscillation of action potentials in neuron. Unlike the traditional way of using the thermal balance equation to evaluate the thermal comfort, this new approach fundamentally correlates the major variables such as neuron excitation, air temperature and velocity, biological activity level, body metabolism, healthy state and an individual’s response to those climatic factors. We deduce a general simple criterion (Thermal Comfort Degree TCD) to assessing the thermal comfort.     

自然通风和混合通风潜力的预测

与机械通风相比，自然通风具有更大的舒适区。采用度时（Degree—hours）方法得出了预测自然通风和混合通风潜力的计算公式。最后，采用该方法对北京市典型气候年的自然通风和混合通风潜力进行了预测。     

Simulation of flow and thermal comfort zones in a Thai state school

Most classrooms of Thai state primary schools are designed to use cross-flow natural ventilation as a passive cooling system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of geometry and orientation of school buildings to indoor airflow distribution and thermal comfort in typical state school classrooms. Computational fluid dynamics commercial software was used as a tool in this simulation. Local meteorological conditions and measured data at a real building were employed as the boundary conditions. The airflow simulation for building domains was performed with reference to the prevailing wind. Wind speeds and directions close to openings were averaged and used to represent the inlet boundary conditions of the classroom domains. Manikins and desks were included in the classroom domains. The simulation was carried out, focusing on a comfortable indoor thermal environment for the occupants. Simulated results revealed that an orientation of a school building normal to wind direction might not always be necessary to obtain a thermally comfortable environment in a classroom. Main inlet flow from openings was not found to affect the students directly. However, a comfortable feeling was possible within the occupied zone in winter when ambient temperature was low. Operative temperatures were also within 90% acceptability limits, according to the adaptive comfort standard.     

地板送风空调系统的热舒适性研究

主要叙述了热湿环境中地板送风空调系统(UFAC)的热舒适性研究.通过测量假想平板网格节点上的热舒适性参数来预测气流的组织形式及办公室内空间的热力层特性;通过计算机来计算Fanger的热舒适性指标以检测室内人员的热感觉;运用数学统计方法得出气流的速度和其他各项参数的关系.研究的主要成果显示,在地板送风空调系统中,送风口附近由于热力梯度较大存在着局部的不舒适性热感觉.另外,送风气流呈抛物线的特性将使气流形成一个滞留区.     

置换通风空调系统的设计计算与送风特性分析

对兰州市某高级综合办公大楼部分房间的置换通风进行设计计算,对室内送风速度以及送风口温度进行实测,并与上送风方式进行分析对比,得到置换通风的送风特性以及温度分布规律,揭示置换通风在提高人体的热舒适性、改善室内空气品质、节能等方面的优点.     

石家庄火车站大空间自然通风设计浅析

以石家庄火车站室内高大空间为研究对象,结合当地的气象条件,通过建筑能耗分析软件(EnergyPlus)对石家庄站4-10月期间采用自然通风方式下高大空间的通风换气量以及人员活动区的温度分布进行模拟。基于模拟结果,以验证可开启窗设置方案在过渡季节是否满足人员舒适度要求,为初步拟定空调系统运行日程提供理论依据。