我国有机高分子净水剂的研究进展

综述了国内在合成高分子、天然有机高分子和微生物等三类净水剂的研究进展.指出国产有机高分子净水剂仍以非离子和阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺及其改性物为主.以碳水化合物及其衍生物、甲壳素及其衍生物为主的天然改性高分子净水剂和微生物净水剂由于其对环境友好和生物可降解而成为净水剂开发的重点和今后的发展方向.     

关于净水剂的探讨应用

通过水处理混凝剂净水试验以及对聚合硫酸铁混凝原理的分析,说明了聚合硫酸铁混凝剂在净水效果、设备管道腐蚀及对人体健康方面均优于其他无机净水剂。     

新型高效净水剂——多聚铝盐

由安徽省蚌埠市化工研究所与蚌埠市自来水公司联合攻关的新型高效净水剂——多聚铝盐于1986年4月通过技术鉴定。该品种是我省首次开发的铝系净水剂的一个新品种,比现行常用的净水剂产品,具有投药量少、制水成本低、净水效果好等优点。尤其在目前淮河污染严重的情况下,为保证饮     

含有难降解物质水的处理方法

近年来，人们越来越对辣木作为一种天然混凝剂感兴趣，原因是成本、合成有机聚合物和无机化学品导致相关健康和环境问题。但是众所周知，辣木作为一种天然混凝剂具有高生物降解性，同时具有极短的保质期。进行本研究是为了探讨贮存温度、包装方法和冷冻-干燥对辣木种子粉末保存的影响。没有冷冻-干燥的辣木被制成不同的包装，即开口的、封闭的和真空包装，     

聚合物驱采出液处理方法研究

本文通过以强化三采污水的预处理、减小或消除聚合物对混凝过程的影响为主要思路,考察了聚合物对水处理效果的影响,研究了减少聚合物对混凝效果影响的方法,并探讨了含聚污水的处理工艺.结果表明聚合物分子量越大对净水效果影响越明显,当聚合物含量大于5mg/L,对净水效果的负面影响明显;通过调节合适的pH,采用化学氧化预处理结合常规净水剂能取得较好的净水效果.     

小阳离子型净水剂研究与应用

通过实验对伯胺、叔胺和季胺及不同碳链长度的胺与环氧氯丙烷进行了合成,结果表明,叔胺及叔胺与长链伯胺的混合物得到的产品,粘度较高,净水性能较好。对室内合成的六种小阳离子净水剂进行了评价,结果表明:3#净水剂效果最好,且与絮凝剂的配伍性好,净水效果稳定。现场应用表明,3#低温净水剂使一次隔油出口水含油呈较为明显的下降趋势,说明现场条件下可以达到现用净水剂的处理效果。     

阳离子型净水剂HCA-1与净水剂PAC复配处理黄河高浊度水

本文探讨了利用多种净水剂复配净水的可行性和研究方法;给出了阳离子型有机高分子净水剂ＨＣＡ－１与聚合氯化铝ＰＡＣ复配处理黄河高浊度水的几种复配比例、经济投量和适用范围;介绍了该方法在生产应用上的成功经验。     

一种高效多功能环保净水剂的研制

为了解决稠油污水处理的难题，利用丙烯酰胺与阳离子单体吸附配位聚合而成一种多功能阳离子型净水剂，在阳离子型净水剂的基础上又引用了 Cl-为阴离子型药剂。两种药剂的净水絮凝作用各有优势，为发挥正协同作用，兼有二者优点于一体，相比现用的净水剂、絮凝剂而言，发挥更强的除油、净水、絮凝脱稳性能。现场污水处理评价实验结果表明：与油田常用的净水剂相比净，曙五联污水处理后含油达到17.5 mg/L、COD 到达82.4 mg/L，悬浮物达到95.7 mg/L。     

高效净水剂—聚硫氯化铝的开发及应用

近年来,随着水质处理要求的提高和水处理技术的不断进展,日、美、德、苏等国都积极开展新型净水剂的研制,应用试验及生产。在新开发的净水剂中,由于聚合铝的净水混凝性能好,絮凝体大,用量少,效率高,沉降快,适用范围广,加之能除去水中铬、铅等有害杂质,故发展尤为迅速,成为国际上公认的一种优良净水剂。我厂根据使用单位的迫切需要,结合厂里产品结构的调整和产品升级换代工作,开展了对新型净水剂的研制工作。鉴于国内外很多资料介绍,含有二价SO_4~(2-)配位基的聚硫氯化铝(缩写     

无机复合型高效净水剂的研制及应用

研制了多种无机复合型高效净水剂。通过搅拌实验评价了各种净水剂的净水性能，包括除浊率、沉降速度及对pH的适应范围等。结果表明，聚硅氯化铝和聚合氯化铁铝是两种较好的净水剂，具有矾花大、沉降快、余浊低等特点。聚硅氯化铝还有较宽的pH适应范围，聚合氯化铁铝对pH值相对敏感。     

Contribution to the clarification of surface water from the Moringa oleifera: Case M’Poko River to Bangui,Central African Republic

Moringa seeds can be effective in the treatment of water because they contain a cationic electrolyte. They can then replace the sulfate of alumina or other flocculants. In this study, we opted for the clarification of surface water from the river M’Poko using seeds of Moringa oleifera dried and transformed into powder. In the literature, we can find very different quantities of seeds used. We have used a method of experimental design to optimize the treatment of our samples of raw water with the seeds of Moringa. The experimental design used is a full factorial design that determines the importance of various factors and also the relationship between these factors so as to identify the best conditions to meet the target set by this study, which is to clarify a maximum quantity of raw water from the river. Another problem, met in the use of Moringa, is the important contribution of organic matter in the water treated by this natural coagulant. To avoid a bacterial proliferation, in time, in the water so treated, we used sand/coal filtration, which proved to be very effective. The water, treated by Moringa and filtered, possesses turbidity and a quantity of organic matter corresponding to the required standards. Such water can thus, be disinfected by chlorination for human consumption.     

Effect of Different Parts (Leaf, Stem and Stalk) and Seasons (Summer and Winter) on the Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera, Lam. (Moringaceae) is grown world-wide in the tropics and sub-tropics of Asia and Africa and contains abundant various nutrients. This study describes the effect of different parts (leaf, stem and stalk) and seasons (summer and winter) on the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera grown in Taiwan. The results showed that the winter samples of Moringa had higher ash (except the stalk part), calcium and phenolic compounds (except the leaf part) and stronger antioxidative activity than summer samples. The methanolic extract of Moringa showed strong scavenging effect of DPPH radicals and reducing power. The trend of antioxidative activity as a function of the part of Moringa was: leaf > stem > stalk for samples from both seasons investigated. The Moringa extract showed strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and high Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity except the stalk part.     

辣木根茎挥发性成分提取及GC-MS分析

以新鲜辣木根为原料,水蒸气蒸馏法提取辣木根精油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对提取物进行定性分析。结果显示:辣木根茎挥发性成分以烯烃、酚、酯为主,并含有苯甲醛和苯乙氰。共鉴定出24种化学成分,相对含量为87.977%。异硫氰酸苄酯含量最多,相对含量为28.227%;其次,苯乙氰的相对含量为27.032%。实验目的:通过本实验研究,分析新鲜辣木根茎挥发性成分组成,并分析其挥发性成分是否含有对人体有含的成分,从而判断辣木根作为食用物品是否可行。     

Azo dye removal by Moringa oleifera seed extract coagulation

In this paper, the ability of Moringa oleifera seed extract–among other natural coagulants–to remove several different types of dyes has been researched. Moringa oleifera has been demonstrated to have a high removal ability for anionic dyes. This study is particularly focused on testing the removal of an azo dye such as Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSB). It has taken out the fast kinetic of coagulant action and the high potential of this coagulant agent to treat wastewater from dyestuff. Up to 99% of CSB removal has been achieved with M. oleifera extract dosage of 150, 200 and 250 mg l^?1 for 100, 160 and 200 mg l^?1 of initial CSB concentration, respectively. Temperature does not affect the coagulant process and a pH level greater than 8 has a negative influence. Lower CSB percentage removal is achieved by increasing the initial dye concentration, but an optimum relationship between dye amount removed and M. oleifera extract amount has been established and it appears to be between 0.7 and 0.9, depending on the initial dye concentration and the bulk of the remaining dye concentration.     

Synthesis of hydrogels from fractionated proteins of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds for the treatment of water contaminated with black reactive dye 5

As has been portrayed in the literature, the main proteins extracted from the seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. have coagulant and clarifying potential in water treatment. However, when using them as coagulant agents, sludge formation occurs, which is an environmental problem. Thus, it was proposed to synthesize hydrogels from the main Moringa seeds proteins and use them as adsorbents. This work aimed to synthesize albumin hydrogels and globulin hydrogels and evaluate their efficiency as adsorbents to remove the reactive black 5 dye. Through FTIR spectrum it was possible to confirm that the synthesis of hydrogels occurred successfully. The kinetic data fit the pseudo-second order model for both hydrogels. The equilibrium isotherms showed that adsorption occurs in multilayers, due to Freundlich fitting. The maximum adsorption capacity occurred at 298 K and was 1.19 mg g⁻¹ for the albumin hydrogel and 10.06 mg g⁻¹ for the globulin hydrogel. Through the results it is possible to state that globulin hydrogel was more favourable for adsorption since it has a more porous morphology and requires less mass compared to albumin hydrogel.     

Application of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles prepared from microemulsions for protein purification

BACKGROUND: Magnetic nanoparticles are of immense interest for their applications in biotechnology. This paper reports the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from two different water‐in‐oil microemulsion systems (ME‐MIONs), their characterization and also their use in purification of coagulant protein. RESULTS: ME‐MIONs have demonstrated to be an efficient binder in the purification of Moringa oleifera protein when compared with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles prepared from coprecipitation in aqueous media. The size and morphology of the ME‐MIONs were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) while the structural characteristics were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The microemulsion magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ME 1‐MION and ME 2‐MION) obtained have a size range 7–10 nm. The protein and ME‐MIONs interaction was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR); the presence of three peaks at 2970, 2910 and 2870 cm^?1 respectively, confirms the binding of the protein. The purification and molecular weight of the coagulant protein was 6.5 kDa as analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. CONCLUSION: The ME‐MIONs have the advantage of being easily tailored in size, are highly efficient as well as magnetic, cost effective and versatile; they are, thus, very suitable for use in a novel purification technique for protein or biomolecules that possess similar characteristics to the Moringa oleifera coagulant protein. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants

The ability of three plant materials, seeds such as Moringa oleifera, Strychnos potatorum and Phaseolus vulgaris, to act as natural coagulants was tested using synthetic turbid water formulated to resemble the drinking water. An improved and alternative method for the extraction of the active coagulant agent M. oleifera, S. potatorum, P. vulgaris seeds was developed and compared with the conventional water extraction method. In the new method the seeds were extracted using different solvents of NaCl and NaOH to extract the active coagulant agent from natural coagulants. In addition, ultrasound was investigated as a potential method to assist the extraction process. Batch coagulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the extracted coagulant achieved through various schemes. The optimum turbidity removal at different values of initial synthetic wastewater turbidity from 100 to 500 NTU was investigated. Sodium chloride at 0.5 M was found to provide a high turbidity removal of >99% compared to NaOH and distilled water extract. Among these three coagulant M. oleifera seed extracts is the highest performance in turbidity removal. The optimum coagulant dosage showed the coagulation with blended coagulant M. oleifera, S. potatorum and P. vulgaris. The study was carried out for initial turbidity of the sample such as 100 NTU (low), 250 NTU (medium) and 500 NTU (high). For the natural coagulant dosage was found to be 250–1000 mg/L respectively. It was found that the percentage of removal is highest in M. oleifera.     

Palm oil mill effluent pretreatment using Moringa oleifera seeds as an environmentally friendly coagulant: laboratory and pilot plant studies

This research paper covers the suitability of the coagulation–flocculation process using Moringa oleifera seeds after oil extraction as a natural and environmentally friendly coagulant for palm oil mill effluent treatment. The performance of M. oleifera coagulant was studied along with the flocculant KP 9650 in removal of suspended solids, organic components and in increasing the floc size. The optimum values of the operating parameters obtained from the laboratory jar test were applied in a pilot‐scale treatment plant comprised of coagulation–flocculation and filtration processes. Pilot‐scale pretreatment resulted in 99.7% suspended solids removal, 71.5% COD reduction, 68.2% BOD reduction, 100% oil and grease removal and 91% TKN removal. In pilot plant pretreatment, the percentage recovery of water was 83.3%, and 99.7% sludge was recovered after dewatering in a filter press. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Identification of Moringa oleifera protein responsible for the decolorization and pesticide removal from drinking water and industrial effluent – an in silico and in situ evaluation

Natural products are always in demand, especially in the food and water treatment industry, to reduce health hazards caused by the prolonged use of chemicals. Though crude seed extract of Moringa oleifera (MOCE) is used for decolouration, the protein responsible for such activity is not fully known. In this study, in silico analysis of Moringa oleifera coagulant protein (MOCP; a predominant oligomeric protein in MOCE) was undertaken to check its molecular interactions with water and soil pollutants, in order to identify the protein accountable for such activities. The molecular docking studies of MOCP with azo dyes like congo red, tartrazine) and a pesticide (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) revealed a strong binding affinity (?5.66, ?5.33 and ?5.04, respectively, kJ mol^?1) between the protein and the pollutants through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Further, these results were verified in situ with MOCP, a recombinant form of MOCP (MOCRP) and MOCE against congo red (100 mg L^?1) and revealed the dye removal efficiency of 63.8%, 65.7%, and 72.3%, respectively. While the jar test results of synthetic coloured water and industrial textile effluent containing congo red showed 51.6% and 58.3%. Hence, we believe that the MOCP is responsible for multiple activities of MOCE and suggest its prospective use for large‐scale treatment of drinking water and industrial effluents. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

木质素混凝剂的性质及其应用研究

对草类木质素的胶体化学性质研究表明这是一种阴离子型的高分子混凝剂，在混凝过程中易形成化学键，通过氢键等对水中有机物产生吸附作用，絮体呈片层状和卷筒状，在沉降中对胶粒有网捕，卷扫作用，木素混凝剂处理酸性的高浓度味精废液和染料生产废水具有独特的效果。