热障涂层用YxGd3-xAl5O12陶瓷的固相合成及其机理研究

以Y2O3、Gd2O3和Al2O3为原料,利用固相合成法在1600 ℃下合成了具有石榴石结构的YxGd3-xAl5O12材料,其中x=1,1.5,2,3.采用XRD对合成产物的物相组成以及合成机理进行了分析表征.结果表明合成产物的晶面间距随x值的增大而减小,在固相合成反应过程中生成了中间相Y4Al2O9和GdAlO3.     

Al2O3-Si原料在还原气氛下的高温物理化学变化过程

以电熔刚玉和单质硅为原料压制成试样,分别在埋碳条件、1400～1600℃高温烧结,获得5个不同温度点合成样品,采用XRD分析技术研究试样的物相演变过程,对Al2O3-Si系原料在埋碳气氛合成过程中的物相变化和反应动力学机制进行了研究.结果表明试样中新生成的物相除了SiC和O'-Sialon外,合成温度在1550℃以下还存在SiO2相,1550℃以上则存在X-Sialon相.其反应过程是金属硅和氮气反应生成Si3N4,金属Si和CO反应生成SiO2和SiC;SiC和Si3N4又分别转化成Si2N2O;同时,Al2O3和Si2N2O固溶合成O'-Sialon.随着合成温度的升高,Al2O3和Si2N2O会进一步固溶生成X-Sialon.CO气体参与反应、合成温度和原料配比是控制Al2O3-Si系原料最终合成产物、产物的生成速度和生成量的重要因素.     

固相反应合成Nd:YAG及其性能表征

采用纳米级超细Al2O3和Y2O3粉料,通过固相反应合成NdYAG.由于反应物颗粒细,反应活性和组分均匀性高以及Y3+、Al3+离子间相互扩散,在1 100℃的低温条件下可同时形成YAM、YAP和YAG相;在1 400℃下保温2 h～3h可合成性能良好的单相NdYAG粉料,其颗粒尺寸达到100nm左右.其合成温度降低150℃～200℃.     

Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相陶瓷的制备及其性能

以工业级α-Al2O3、金红石型TiO2和轻质MgO粉体为原料，过量配置α-Al2O3，采用固相反应法于1400℃煅烧实现了Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相粉体的原位合成，实现两相的均匀混合，原位制备出性能良好的Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相陶瓷。利用XRD对原位合成的复相陶瓷粉体的相组成进行了表征，利用FESEM观察了复相陶瓷的断口形貌，测量了复相陶瓷的烧结密度、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数，研究了第二相Al2O3的引入量对钛酸铝基陶瓷的微观结构、抗弯强度和热膨胀性能的影响。结果显示，当复相Al2O3的引入量为15％（质量分数）时，钛酸铝基复相陶瓷的抗弯强度提高到108MPa，并且具有较低地热膨胀系数0．7×10^-6／℃。     

AlN/Y2O3陶瓷燃烧合成研究

采用燃烧合成工艺,在超高压氮气下,制备了具有较高致密度的AlN/Y2O3陶瓷.研究表明,Al-N2-Y2O3的自蔓延高温合成(SHS)过程为660℃Al熔化,1000℃Al剧烈挥发并与N2迅速反应形成AlN,放出大量热;当反应温度升至1720℃时,Y2O3与Al2O3形成共晶液相Al5Y3O12,发生液相烧结高温液相烧结使产物的致密度显著提高,但由于其阻碍N2向反应前沿的渗透,产物中残余Al含量增加.随着Y2O3含量的增加,液相烧结作用增强,产物致密度显著提高,抗弯强度及断裂韧性提高.Al-N2-Y2O3体系的SHS致密化主要发生在燃烧波蔓延方向,具有明显的方向性.     

Al掺杂Li_2MnSiO_4锂离子电池正极材料的合成和电化学性能

以Li2SiO3、Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O和Al(OH)3为原料,用传统高温固相合成法成功制备出Li2Al0.1Mn0.9SiO4锂离子电池正极材料。采用XRD、FESEM分析了正极材料的相组成、结构和形貌,利用电池测试仪测试了正极材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,固相合成的产物主相为Li2Al0.1Mn0.9SiO4,同时存在少量的杂质,产物表面形貌为非球形颗粒,颗粒尺寸为100～500 nm。实验结果表明,Al掺杂后,正极材料的可逆容量和循环寿命都得到提高。正极材料电化学性能提高的机理在于Al掺杂稳定了Li2MnSiO4正极材料的结构。     

Al2O3/Fe表面复合材料的燃烧合成及组织分析

用燃烧合成法制备了Al2O3/Fe管状表面复合材料;利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针等对涂层的形貌、相组成、元素分布等进行了观测和分析.结果表明,相组成主要为α-Al2O3、尖晶石相(FeO·Al2O3)、YAG相(Y3Al5O12)及少量的莫来石相(3Al2O3·2SiO2)和α-Fe相.过渡层的存在使涂层与基体之间匹配应力较小,结合强度高;加入Y2O3使材料的致密度得到了提高.     

固相反应Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的形成机理研究

以ZrO2,Gd2O3粉体为原料,采用固相合成工艺制备了Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷,通过在不同温度(1273 K～1873 K)下进行混合料的烧结以及对不同温度下合成产物的XRD相分析,来研究Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷的合成过程和形成机理.结果表明ZrO2和Gd2O32种粉体在1473 K开始发生相互固溶,随着温度升高,固溶程度逐渐加大,在1673 K时ZrO2和Gd2O3之间的固溶达到饱和,开始析出Gd2Zr2O7相,当温度达到1773 K时固溶结束,此时产物为Gd2Zr2O7,1873 K时ZrO2和Gd2O3烧结完成,产物为单相的Gd2Zr2O7.     

Y3Al5O12:Eu3+在紫外区域发光特性的研究

以金属硝酸盐和稀土氧化物为初始原料,柠檬酸为配位剂,采用柠檬酸-凝胶法在1000℃下制备了结晶性较好的掺杂三价铕离子的钇铝石榴石红色荧光粉,该方法比普通固相反应的烧结温度降低了约450℃。X射线衍射结果表明,合成的样品具有Y3Al5O12立方晶系晶体结构,Y3-x Eux Al5O12(0.025≤x≤0.15)的晶格参数a随x的增大而增大。通过对掺杂Y3-x Eux Al5O12(0.025≤x≤0.15)材料的激发和发射光谱研究,发现其最有效激发波长为位于240 nm左右的宽吸收带,归属于Eu3+→O2-的电荷转移跃迁(CTS),最强发射峰波长为590 nm,对应于Eu3+的5D0→7F1跃迁。柠檬酸凝胶法制备样品与固相法制备样品相比较,其发射强度较低,但红橙比较大,色纯度好。     

合成条件对纳米SiC介电性能的影响

用蔗糖、SiO2、Al2O3溶胶，利用碳热还原法合成了碳化硅粉体。研究结果表明，在1450℃；有少量碳化硅合成。随着合成温度的提高，合成产物逐步由非晶态转化碳化硅：随着合成产物中碳化硅含量的升高，合成粉末的复介电常数增大。与合成的纯碳化硅相比，添加少量Al2O3溶胶后合成的碳化硅的复介电常数明显升高，其原因在于Al、O分别替代Si、C，导致SiC晶格中出现带电缺陷所致。在N2气氛中合成的碳化硅的复介电常数明显高于Ar气氛中合成的SiC的复介电常数，这是由于N原子固溶到SiC晶格中产生带电缺陷引起的。添加较多Al2O3溶胶后，合成产物的复介电常数的实部、虚部低于添加少量Al2O3溶胶时的合成产物的复介电常数的实部、虚部。分析认为，添加较多Al2O3溶胶后，合成产物中出现一定数量的Al2O3，它的复介电常数的实部、虚部均低于SiC的，从而导致合成产物的复介电常数降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.