海天背景图像去雾方法研究

海天背景图像存在大面积天空区域,且在远距离平视时目标一定出现在海天线附近,现有的去雾算法对天空区域的改善都是弱化天空区域的处理,这样势必会造成海天线附近去雾效果的减弱,不利于后续的目标检测.针对该问题,提出一种基于大气散射模型的图像复原去雾算法.首先,利用海天背景图像的特点,采用边缘检测算子将图像划分为天空和非天空区域,并结合大气光的物理意义,取天空区域最大的值作为大气光的估计值;其次,针对有雾图像对比度很低而无雾图像对比度较高这一先验信息设计代价函数,并通过SLIC超像素分割进行分块,通过求解每个小块内该函数的最小值,估计出粗透射率,再用引导滤波对粗透射率进行细化从而消除块效应;最后,利用大气散射模型,代入前两步求得的参数便可以得到恢复的无雾图像.实验结果与分析结果表明,本文能对海天背景的图像取得较好的去雾效果.     

结合天空区域识别的单幅图像去雾方法

针对现有图像去雾方法易于在天空区域引入负面视觉效果的缺陷,提出一个结合天空区域识别的单幅图像去雾方法;提出一个新的天空区域特征先验知识,并利用所提先验将雾天降质图像分割为天空与非天空区域;基于天空区域对大气光进行估计,并利用暗通道先验和导向全变分模型对非天空区域的透射率进行估计,从而基于大气散射模型获得去雾处理后的图像;使用一种邻域自适应的Retinex方法克服了去雾处理后图像偏暗的问题。对比实验证明,所提方法相比现有的类似方法具备更好的有效性及鲁棒性。     

含有大片天空区域图像的去雾算法

为提高包含天空区域图像的去雾效果,解决暗原色先验原理去雾容易导致天空区域色彩失真以及图像整体亮度较暗的问题,针对含有大片天空的图像,提出一种基于天空分割和色调映射的图像去雾算法.在HSI颜色空间中利用图像众数和图像连通区域提出天空识别算法,分割出天空与非天空区域;然后根据暗原色先验原理分别求取二者透射率,并在天空区域完成大气光值的估计;最后在RGB空间中利用大气散射模型复原图像,并经过改进的自适应色调映射得到最终的去雾图像.采用合成雾图、实景雾图和网络收集雾图进行实验的结果表明,该算法在主观视觉和客观指标方面均能得到质量更好的去雾图像.     

基于物理模型的雾霾天道路图像清晰化

雾霾天场景下,视频监控系统在道路上获得的图像一般都有严重降质,因此需要对图像进行去雾处理.鉴于现有的基于物理模型的方法需要很多辅助信息,提出一种新的基于物理模型的图像复原方法.该方法首先对大气散射模型进行改进,减少未知参数至一个,然后通过Hough变换求取图像的消失点,最后利用最大熵方法求取参数最优值,从而自动地对退化图像进行去雾.实验结果证明,该方法是有效和实用的.     

改进多尺度卷积神经网络的单幅图像去雾方法

针对当前已有的去雾方法容易造成天空区域存在光晕以及色彩失真的现象，提出了一种多尺度卷积结合大气散射模型的单幅图像去雾算法。将原始有雾图像与三个不同尺度的卷积核进行卷积，经过一系列特征学习后得到粗略的传播图，然后使用引导滤波器对其进行优化，得到精细化后的传播图。利用粗传播图和有雾图像计算出全局大气光。根据大气散射模型反推出无雾清晰图像。实验结果表明，该方法对天空区域的处理更加自然，在图像的纹理细节以及颜色失真上有较好的效果。     

基于物理模型的快速单幅图像去雾方法

在雾、霾等天气条件下,大气粒子的散射作用导致捕获的图像严重降质.本文提出一种新的基于物理模型的快速单幅图像去雾算法.该算法从大气散射模型出发,通过对大气光照进行白平衡,从而简化大气散射模型;利用快速双边滤波方法估计大气耗散函数,进而恢复场景反照率.本文算法的时间复杂度达到图像像素数的线性函数,具有很快的执行速度.实验结...     

结合天空识别和暗通道原理的图像去雾

目的 目前较为流行的去雾算法对天空区域的处理效果不佳,容易造成方块效应以及色彩严重失真.针对该问题,提出一种基于天空识别和暗通道原理的单幅图像去雾方法.方法 天空识别算法,将雾图分为天空与非天空部分,对其分别估计透射率图,通过大气散射模型得到复原图像;针对利用暗通道原理得到的去雾图像普遍偏暗的问题,对其进行色彩重映射,以增加图像亮度,提升图像视觉效果.结果 大量实验结果表明,本文算法复原的图像清晰自然,尤其是天空区域平滑明亮,取得了很好的去雾效果.结论 基于天空识别,提出了一种新颖的单幅图像去雾算法.与He Kaiming以及Tarel的算法相比,去雾后图像整体效果更佳.     

一种结合双区域滤波和图像融合的单幅图像去雾算法

基于大气散射物理模型和暗原色先验原理,提出一种结合 双区域滤波和图像融合的单幅图像去雾算法.首先在计算暗通道函数时,定义了一类暗区 域对图像边缘的低强度像素点进行描述,该区域像素点的暗原色中值取其三原色通道的最小值,以代替原来的中值滤波运算值.此滤波方法不仅能有效去除Halo效应,而且避免了黑斑效应;然后基 于大气散射物理模型定义一种伪去雾图,将其与原去雾图进行像素级融合对原图进行色度校正,实 现了柔性去雾,改善了现有方法易出现过去雾的缺陷.实验结果表明,该算法去雾后图像具有较好清 晰度及色彩恢复度,去雾鲁棒性强.在大雾和图像色彩失真严重的情况下,仍可有效恢复图像.     

基于暗通道先验和Retinex理论的快速单幅图像去雾方法

针对雾霾天气下捕获的图像存在低对比度、低饱和度和色调偏移等现象, 提出了一种基于暗通道先验和Retinex理论的快速单幅图像去雾方法.该方法从大气散射模型出发, 利用暗通道先验法则,通过灰度开运算对大气光值进行区间估计,同时获得介质传输率的初始估计, 并通过白平衡简化大气散射模型; 其次,基于Retinex理论,利用高斯滤波获得介质传输率的粗略估计, 并通过线性映射实现灰度值搬移; 然后,将介质传输率的初始估计和粗略估计进行像素级融合, 利用快速联合双边滤波进行边缘优化,同时通过参数自适应调整的方法对雾图中大片天空区域的介质传输 率进行修正; 最后,通过简化大气散射模型和色调调整得到复原图像.与几种典型的图像去雾算法相比, 本文算法具有很快的运算速度,能有效提高复原图像的清晰度和对比度,同时获得较好的图像颜色.     

基于暗原色先验的快速单幅图像去雾算法

针对基于暗原色先验理论的单幅图像去雾算法中,由于某些场景下的雾天图像存在大面积明亮区域（如天空、水面或者偏白色物体等）不满足暗原色先验假设,从而导致去雾处理效果不好的问题。基于暗原色先验理论,提出了一种改进的单幅图像去雾算法。首先利用统计截断的方法估计出大气光值;然后对暗通道图进行中值滤波得到粗略估计的透射率图,并对明亮区域的透射率图进行自适应校正处理;最后将这些参数带入大气散射成像模型完成去雾处理。实验结果显示,相较于原算法而言,所提算法可以准确地选取出天空区域的像素点对大气光进行估计,有效降低明亮区域的色彩失真。通过不同算法对不同室外场景下采集的雾天图像的去雾效果的对比可知,所提算法在对明亮区域的处理上更加合理,可以较好地处理一些带有光源的图像,恢复出的图像具有很好的细节保持,视觉效果显著提高。所提算法对含有大面积明亮区域的雾天图像具有很好的增强处理效果,可以为图像分割、语义检索、智能分析等图像处理工作提供有效的预处理手段,对于交通监管、视频监控、行车视频记录、视觉导航等研究领域具有重要的意义。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。