曲面喷墨打印水性墨水研究

目的研究开发曲面喷墨打印水性喷墨墨水的制备,用喷墨打印的方式对不规则曲面制品进行图文装饰。方法通过选择树脂种类,调整色浆和水的含量以及添加其他助剂,制备出具有较好印刷适性(如不堵塞喷头,粘度适宜,表面张力好)的水性喷墨墨水。结果制备出的水性软性喷墨墨水和硬性喷墨墨水,软性墨水的颗粒度为0.2～0.6μm,粘度控制在5～6 mPa·s,表面张力为27～29 mN/m;硬性墨水的颗粒度为0.3～0.6μm,粘度控制在7～8 mPa·s,表面张力为25～27 mN/m。结论通过对树脂种类、色浆的选择,水的含量及其他助剂的确定,制得了一款环保的曲面喷墨打印水性墨水。     

喷印工艺控制参数对水性油墨墨滴形态的影响

目的为了提高水性油墨的喷墨印刷质量,通过控制喷印工艺参数以获得良好的墨滴形态。方法分析喷印工艺控制的关键参数以及墨滴形态的表征参数,通过单因素工艺参数对墨滴形态影响的实验,分析电压、点火频率和脉冲宽度对墨滴形态各评价指标的影响程度,并运用AHP法构建墨滴形态的质量分析模型;通过多因素工艺参数组合对墨滴形态影响的正交实验,分析各工艺参数与墨滴形态参数之间的关联性,并结合质量评价模型综合评判喷印工艺参数对墨滴形态的影响。结果喷印工艺参数电压、点火频率和脉冲宽度共同影响墨滴形态的质量,脉冲宽度对其影响最大,点火频率次之,电压的影响程度最小,其权重分别为0.462,0.272,0.266。结论水性油墨喷印工艺中,通过合理地控制喷印工艺的关键参数,可以有效地提高墨滴形态质量,从而获得良好的印刷品质量。     

喷墨印刷中墨滴分裂过程的研究

基于VOF模型,利用Flow3D软件模拟了墨滴生成和断裂过程。与实验结果对比发现,墨滴分裂时墨水的粘度和表面张力对主副墨丝的形成具有很大影响;表面张力是所研究现象的驱动力,驱动电压对墨丝尾部的速度没有影响。     

流体粘弹性对喷墨印刷液滴参数影响

目的研究粘弹性非牛顿流体中聚合物参数对喷墨液滴形成过程中各项数据的关系,通过所得数据进行数值处理,构成关于聚合物参数变量的液滴类型空间。方法模拟实验中采用FENE-CR流体模型,将FENE-CR流体模型中的本构方程与纳维斯托克斯方程和连续介质力学相结合,推导出流体聚合物参数与流体粘弹性的关系。建立液滴喷射模型,采用Flow 3D数值模拟方法模拟聚合物参数变化对喷墨液滴形成过程的影响。结果得到了聚合物参数(聚合物延展性L、聚合浓度C和聚合物De值)对喷墨印刷中墨滴断裂过程的各项主要数据:主液滴最终速度vf、液滴尺寸V、墨尾最大长度Z,墨尾一次断裂时间tb的具体关系曲线。结论对于非牛顿粘弹性流体,虽然高分子聚合物在整个流体中所占比例很小,但是它的存在对流体粘弹性变化影响显著,聚合物种类和浓度的不同会最终导致液滴形成过程中各项数值发生巨大的变化。     

喷墨印刷质量的分析与研究

详细分析了色彩管理软件、分辨率、色阶、墨滴大小、墨水、承印物等对喷墨印刷质量的影响,通过理论分析与实践经验的总结,旨在找出各因素影响喷墨印刷质量的实质以及如何控制这些因素的影响以提高印刷质量.最后,得到了7个影响喷墨印刷质量的关键因素,并提出了相应优化喷墨印刷质量措施.     

DOD 式压电喷墨打印系统液滴形成过程的数值模拟

目的研究DOD式压电喷墨打印系统液滴形成过程。方法简化压电式喷墨打印头的几何模型,建立基于流体体积法的流体仿真模拟系统,模拟给定压力条件下液滴生成的全过程,并以此进行数值实验来评估油墨的表面张力和黏度对喷墨中液滴形成形态的影响。结果给出不同瞬间液滴的形态,得出适合于给定条件的最优参数组合。引入流体力学中的无量纲常数Z,评价表面张力和油墨黏度在耦合作用下液滴的成形状态。确定表面张力约为40 mN/m、黏度约为10 Pa·s、无量纲常数Z为4.56的油墨能够得到理想的单液滴喷射形态。结论将仿真的结果应用到实验中,对比分析可知吻合较好,证明了数值模拟的可靠性。     

吸收剂含量对电磁吸收喷墨油墨印刷适性的影响

目的制备性能优异的电磁吸收喷墨油墨,研究电磁吸收剂含量对油墨印刷适性的影响。方法测试吸收剂含量不同时的电磁吸收油墨的粒径、表面张力、粘度、光固化速度,研究电磁吸收剂含量的变化对电磁吸收喷墨油墨印刷适性的影响规律,获得最合适的电磁吸收剂用量。结果当吸收剂质量分数为0.025%,0.05%或0.1%时,油墨粒径在200~300 nm范围内呈现正态分布;当吸收剂质量分数为0.2%时,大部分油墨的粒径超过500 nm,分散性相对较差。随着电磁吸收剂质量分数的增加,油墨表面张力和粘度均呈下降趋势。当吸收剂质量分数为0.025%和0.05%时,油墨表面张力分别为25.76,25.94 m N/m,油墨粘度分别为0.1354,0.1083 Pa·s,均与喷墨3D打印机专用树脂表面张力和粘度接近。此外,该2种油墨光固化过程中的相对反应速率与3D打印机专用树脂也较接近。结论经综合考虑,当吸收剂质量分数为0.05%时的油墨印刷适性和固化速度最佳。     

中科院科研人员实现液膜嵌入式打印

正日前,中科院化学所绿色印刷重点实验室科研人员实现了墨水在另一液体内部形成"高精度嵌入式导电银线",从而有效抑制了墨滴扩散,为打印制备高集成度、高精度的三维结构电路奠定了技术基础。相关成果日前发表于《先进材料》杂志。喷墨打印技术可直接实现金属纳米粒子的图案化,是制备纳米印刷电子器件最有前景的方法之一。但受其导电墨水黏度和表面张力的影响,很难实现在     

涂布纸水性油墨喷墨印品质量的影响因素研究

为了研究水性油墨喷墨印刷过程中喷印工艺参数对涂布铜版纸印品质量的影响,分析印品质量评价指标与喷印工艺参数间的正负相关性。印刷时,先改变喷墨印刷中喷头电压、点火频率、脉冲宽度的关键工艺参数,再测量印品实地密度、色差、明度和光泽度4个质量评价指标,定性分析各工艺参数对印品质量评价指标的正负相关性,最后采用统计学分析方法分析喷印工艺参数对印品质量的影响,并采用偏最小二乘回归法建立相应的回归模型。研究结果表明:脉冲宽度对涂布纸印品的实地密度、色差、光泽度、明度的影响较大,点火频率和喷头电压在一定范围内对涂布纸印品的实地密度、色差、光泽度、明度的影响较小,故在涂布纸水性油墨喷墨印刷过程中,通过合理地控制喷印工艺的关键参数可提高印品质量;偏最小二乘回归预测模型对印品的色差和明度具有较好的预测能力。     

EHD喷印技术相关参数数值分析

目的对基于电-液耦合动力学原理(简称EHD)喷印技术的相关参数,进行锥射流和滴落模式下的数值分析研究。方法在锥射流模式中,对毛细凝结加热液体喷射的物理模型进行调整,以适用于EHD喷印;对滴落模式的液滴沉积过程,引入表面张力概念进行数值分析。运用数值法得到了锥射流的轮廓图,集中讨论了流量和净高度对射流直径的影响;重点研究了液滴直径与电压频率和液体表面张力之间的关系,并将理论结果与实验和经验数据进行了比较分析。结果锥射流模式在一定条件下,射流直径随着流量和净高度的增大而增加;在滴落模式中,得到的液滴直径随电压频率和流体表面张力的增大而减小,且数值分析得到的结果与实验结果相一致。结论对相关参数进行数值分析是对实验研究的补充,为EHD喷印技术研究提供了理论参考。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.