防止20CrMnMo钢齿轮磨削裂纹热处理工艺研究

本实验针对２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢容易出现磨削裂纹的问题，从控制渗碳淬火处理质量入手，重点提出了２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢采用调质热处理，渗碳后增加－道高温回火工序，以及低温回火温度采用２２０－２４０℃的处理工艺。鉴于渗碳层可获得良好的组织，硬度和残余应力状态，将有利于防止磨削裂纹的产生。     

20CrMnMo及17Cr2Ni2Mo钢的晶粒长大及组织遗传

本文对２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢和１７Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ２Ｍｏ钢晶粒长大倾向及不同组织状态的组织遗传倾向和校正工艺进行了探讨。试验结果表明：２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢以粒状贝氏体＋粒状组织为主的混合组织（粒状贝氏＋粒状组织＋铁素体）具有组织遗传倾向，且粒状贝氏体＋粒状组织中的奥氏体岛稳定性差，利用一次高温回火便可有效地消除组织遗传；１７Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ２Ｍｏ钢粒状贝氏体＋粒状组织的遗传倾向大于马氏体组织，正火对粒状贝氏体＋粒状     

几种渗碳钢的接触疲劳和弯曲疲劳性能

用滚轮试样和三点试样研究了２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ，２０ＣｅｒＭｎＭｏ，１７Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ２Ｍｏ和２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ四种渗耐烦钢的接触疲劳性能和弯曲疲劳性能。结果表明，２０ＣｒＭｏｎＭｏ钢的接触疲劳性能最高，２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢的最低。     

几种渗碳钢的静弯和冲击特性

用无缺口和有缺口试样研究了几种渗碳钢的静弯特性和冲击特性，结果表明，渗碳层由表及里成分和组织的变化使缺口深度性能的影响规律复杂化，塑性和韧性越差的钢其缺口脆化作用越小，从而使缺口性能上的差异比无缺口时性能上的差异变小，从静弯强度，挠度，弹塑性功，裂纹扩展功以及缺口冲击韧性等几个方面综合考虑，２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ和１７ＣｒＮｉ２Ｍｏ钢的性能优异，２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢较差，性能最差的是２０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢，     

淬火硬度对调质钢力学性能的影响

采用不同冷却方法对４０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ、４０ＣｒＮｉ２Ｍｏ和３７ＳｉＭｎ２ＭｏＶ三种钢进行淬火回火处理,考察了不同淬火硬度对回火后力学性能：σｓ、σｂ、δ５、ψ和Ａｋ的影响。结果表明３７ＳｉＭｎ２ＭｏＶ钢的各项指标随淬火硬度的变化最为明显,而４０ＣｒＮｉ２Ｍｏ钢的塑性和韧性好且受淬火硬度的影响较小。选材时应考虑淬火硬度不足可能导致塑性和韧性下降这一因素。     

热锻模热处理工艺改进

对５ＣｒＭｎＭｏ、５ＣｒＮｉＭｏ、３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８、３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ等热锻模具钢施行碳氮共渗,使其表面形成细小密集碳氮化合物后,再进行淬火和回火,可显著提高其硬度和耐磨性,延长其使用寿命。图１５ＣｒＭｎＭｏ及５ＣｒＮｉＭｏ钢处理工艺图２３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８及３Ｃｒ...     

45Cr2NiMoVSi热模具钢的热处理

４５Ｃｒ２ＮｉＭｏＶＳｉ热模具钢的热处理青海锻造厂（青海乐都８１０７００）刘发顺４５Ｃｒ２ＮｉＭｏＶＳｉ钢是高强韧性的大截面热锻模具钢，该钢碳含量低，Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ含量高，并有Ｖ、Ｓｉ等元素，回火时析出Ｍ２Ｃ、ＭＣ型碳化物，使钢产生二次硬化效应。与国内常...     

20CrMnSiNi2A钢淬透性

采用末端淬火法研究了２０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ钢的淬透性及其影响因素。结果表明，钢中加入Ｎｉ元素，适当提高淬火加热温度均能有效地改善２０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ钢的淬透性。     

Mn对热作模具钢4Cr3Mo2NiVNb热疲劳性能的影响

采用Ｕｅｄｅｈｏｌｍ法研究热作模具钢４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ和添加１．５％Ｍｎ后该钢的热疲劳性能。结果表明，添加１．５％Ｍｎ后，４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ钢的热疲劳抗力有所下降。试验结果同时表明，影响热作模具钢低周热疲劳的主要因素是钢的断裂韧性。     

Mn对热作模具钢4Cr3Mo2NiVNB热疲劳性能的影响

采用Ｕｏｄｅｈｏｌｍ法研究热作模具４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ和添加剂１．５％Ｍｎ后该钢的热疲劳性能。结果表明，添加１．５％Ｍｎ后，４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ钢的疲劳抗力有所下降，试验结果同时表明，影响热作模具钢低周热疲劳的主要因素是钢的断裂韧性。     

Doping amount and temperature dependence of superplastic flow in tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystal doped with TiO2 and/or GeO2

The doping amount and temperature dependence of superplastic flow in a TiO₂- and/or GeO₂-doped tetragonal ZrO₂ polycrystal (TZP) were investigated in the doping range of 0.2–8 mol.% and in the temperature range of 1200–1550 °C. While the tensile ductility in the TZP is significantly improved by the co-doping of TiO₂ and GeO₂, there is an optimum combination of doping amount and temperature for enhancing the tensile ductility. The present study also shows that the flow stress decreases with an increase in the doping amount, but this decrease levels off with a 2–3 mol.% addition of GeO₂ or (TiO₂–GeO₂). The data for the flow behavior and thermal groove experiment indicated that TiO₂ and/or GeO₂ doping enhances the grain boundary diffusion of zirconium cations and reduces the grain boundary energy, respectively. These effects of grain boundary segregation can be regarded as the cause of the improved high-temperature ductility of (TiO₂–GeO₂)-doped TZP.     

Preparing high- and low-aspect ratio AlB2 flakes from borax or boron oxide

The commercial preparation of aluminum-diboride flakes in aluminum relies on relatively expensive starting materials. A new synthesis has been developed that allows AlB₂ to be prepared directly from the reaction of borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) or boron oxide (B₂O₃) with aluminum. Aluminum metal at temperatures higher than 900°C has been shown to reduce these boron-containing compounds, producing an Al₂O₃-containing slag and AlB₂. A natural separation occurs, leaving AlB₂ in the molten aluminum and Al₂O₃ as part of a slag that forms at the melt surface. Samples containing up to 10 vol.% AlB₂ in an aluminum matrix have been directly prepared using this method. For more information, contact A.C. Hall, Sandia National Labs., P.O. Box 5800, Mail Stop 0340, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185; (505) 284-6964; fax (505) 845-9659.     

Synthesis and properties of composites synthesized by deposition of TiO2 doped with SnO2 or NiO2 onto A-300 nanosilica

This paper focuses on the investigation of nanooxide composites SiO₂/TiO₂/X (X = SnO₂, NiO) synthesized by controlled low-temperature hydrolysis of TiCl₄, SnCl₄ (followed by thermal treatment of some samples) on nanosilica surface (specific surface area 300 m²/g) and by thermolysis of Ni(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O at 600°C. The effect of the nature and concentration of a doping agent on the phase composition of the composites and their physicochemical properties is determined. The properties of the synthesized systems are examined by means of XRD analysis, nitrogen adsorption, potentiometric titration, and photon correlation spectroscopy.     

Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3改性的低温渗铬涂层的循环氧化和热腐蚀性能

采用在Ni基上复合电镀Ni—Al_2_O3和Ni-Y_2_O3复合涂层后在800℃下扩散渗铬的方法,分别制备了Al_2O_3和Y_2_03改性渗铬涂层。采用相同的工艺在单Ni镀层上直接渗铬,获得一种不含氧化物粒子的渗铬涂层。分析了Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3影响渗铬涂层的氧化和腐蚀性能的机理。组织结构分析表明,Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3能明显抑制在渗铬过程中涂层品粒的长大。800℃循环和75％Na2SO4＋25％NaCl混合盐腐蚀试验结果表明：与在单Ni镀层上直接渗铬相比,A1203和Y_20_3改性的渗铬涂层所具有的细晶结构促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Cr沿晶界向氧化前沿的快速扩散,从而有利于致密保护性Cr_2O_3氧化膜的快速形成,使得改性的渗铬涂层表现出更优异的抗循环氧化和混合盐热腐蚀性能。     

TiB_2颗粒在楔形铜模铸锭中的分布以及吞噬行为(英文)

通过楔形铜模铸造实验研究工业纯铝基体中TiB2颗粒的推移吞噬行为和颗粒或团聚体与液/固界面前沿之间的作用。实验结果表明:在整个楔形试样中,颗粒或团聚体的尺寸分别服从2个独立的分布,团簇被推移到楔形试样的中间区域,而单独的颗粒或小的团簇被楔形试样的边缘吞噬。在楔形试样的不同区域颗粒的团聚程度不同,在试样的边缘和中间区域,颗粒的团聚因子分别为0.2和0.6。颗粒的直径并不服从一般的正态分布,而是基本服从对数正态分布。更重要的是,在整个试样中,颗粒或团簇尺寸服从2个对数正态分布。     

固溶处理对含长周期结构Mg97Zn1Y2合金显微组织及阻尼性能影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析了铸态及固溶处理态Mg97Zn1Y2合金的显微组织,并利用EDS,XRD进行了物相分析。研究发现固溶处理后,Mg97Zn1Y2合金中的长周期结构相发生长大,由离散分布变为连续分布。阻尼测试结果显示,固溶处理后Mg97Zn1Y2合金阻尼性能下降。通过对铸态及固溶处理态Mg97Zn1Y2合金进行阻尼-温度谱分析,发现存在两个内耗峰：P1内耗峰位置在150-250℃附近,峰宽很宽,是由位错机制而引起的内耗峰;P2内耗峰位置在350-500℃附近,初步认为是晶界内耗峰。     

Plasma electrolytic oxidation behavior and corrosion resistance of brass in aluminate electrolyte containing NaH2PO4 or Na2SiO3

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of brass was carried out in aluminate electrolytes with the addition of NaH₂PO₄ (S1) and Na₂SiO₃ (S2), respectively, with the aim to investigate the effect of additives on the coating formation and corrosion resistance. For the PEO in S1 electrolyte, a mixed layer of AlPO₄ and Al₂O₃ is formed at the initial stage, which leads to fast plasma discharges and formation of black coatings with the compositions of Al₂O₃, CuO, Cu₂O and ZnO. However, in S2 electrolyte, plasma discharges are delayed and the coatings show a reddish color due to more Cu₂O. Mott-Schottky tests show that the S1 coatings are p-type semiconductors; while the S2 coatings can be adjusted between n-type and p-type. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests show that the PEO treatment can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of brass, with protection efficiency up to 91.50% and the largest charge transfer resistance of 59.95 kΩ·cm² for the S1 coating.     

全球铝轧制工业概览系列综述之五—全世界二辊热粗轧多机架热精轧铝板带生产线

对全世界2辊热粗轧多机架（二或三）热精轧铝板带生产线技术与轧机的基本技术参数作了全面系统的阐述。截止到2000年底,全世界共有5条这类生产线,中国香港美亚铝厂有一条（1＋2）式生产线,比利时与印度尼西亚各有一条（1＋3）式生产线,其他2条生产线在美国。它们的总生产能力为650kt/a左右。     

接触器或起动器与短路保护装置的协调配合和应用(二)

介绍GB14048．4中与短路保护装置(SCPD)协调配合的要求和试验方法，叙述SCPD为断路器或熔断器时选配方法。并介绍IEC熔断器委员会有关与熔断器协调配合的选配准则和应用指南。提供了各国的接触器或起动器与熔断器成功地协调配合的实例和技术数据。     

Al、Ti掺杂对Mg2Ni合金相结构稳定性的影响及其微观机理

采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法,研究元素Al和Ti掺杂对Mg2Ni储氢合金相结构稳定性的影响及其微观机理.结果显示:在掺杂浓度x＝0～0.5范围内,所形成的Mg2Ni型Mg2-xMxNi(M＝Al,Ti)固溶体合金的相结构稳定性随Al掺杂浓度的增大而增强,随Ti掺杂浓度的增大而减弱,且Mg2-xMxNi(M＝Al,Ti)固溶体合金相对于立方结构的Mg3MNi2(M＝Al,Ti)化合物呈现热力学不稳定性,极易分解成由立方结构Mg3MNi2(M＝Al,Ti)和六方结构Mg2Ni组成的复合相,计算结果与实验结果吻合.电子结构分析表明,Al、Ti掺杂Mg2Ni储氢合金的相结构稳定性与体系在低能级区的成键电子数密切相关.