碳纤维水泥复合材料（CFRC）的研制

本文从ＣＦＲＣ材料的配方设计、性能测试及试体断裂面形貌等几个方面较为系统地研究了骨料品种及掺量、外加剂品种及接量、水灰比、碳纤维品种及掺量和长度对ＣＦＲＣ复合材料的物理及力学性能的影响，确定了制各ＣＦＲＣ材料所采用的适宜参数．     

纳米碳纤维在预应力混凝土结构中的增强作用研究

纳米碳纤维作为复合材料增强体,可改善混凝土的强度、弹性和耐久性等方面。文章在预应力混凝土材料中掺入不同质量分数的纳米碳纤维,制备了纳米碳纤维掺量改性预应力混凝土材料,探究纳米碳纤维在预应力混凝土结构中的增强作用。结果表明：随着纳米碳纤维掺量的增加,试样的抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度呈现先上升后降低的趋势;预应力混凝土的磨损量呈现先下降后上升的趋势。当纳米碳纤维掺量为0.3%时,预应力混凝土的孔隙率和磨损量均为最低,分别为26.23%和1.2 kg/m2。因此,适量添加纳米碳纤维（质量分数为0.3%）可有效提高预应力混凝土的力学性能和磨损性能。     

石粉和碳纤维对超高强高性能混凝土耐磨性的影响研究

研究了石粉和碳纤维对混凝土的抗压强度及耐磨性的影响.研究表明:石粉掺量低于20％,会提高混凝土的强度,石粉掺量大于20％,混凝土强度有所降低;石粉掺量为10％,可显著提高混凝土的耐磨性;碳纤维改性石粉混凝土的抗压强度高于空白混凝土,但低于掺10％石粉的混凝土;碳纤维改性石粉混凝土的耐磨性明显高于空白混凝土和单掺10％石粉的混凝土.石粉掺量为10％的石粉混凝土和碳纤维改性石粉混凝土可用于磨损环境中的混凝土工程.     

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

利用弓形法测试了碳纤维质量掺量分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%时,碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)在低频段4~8 GHz和高频段8~18 GHz对电磁波的反射率,讨论了碳纤维质量掺量变化对反射率的影响。结果发现,碳纤维质量掺量相同、低频段时,反射率小于-10 dB,复合材料对电磁波表现出吸收性;高频段时,反射率大于-10 dB,复合材料对电磁波表现出反射性。低频段、碳纤维质量掺量为0.6%时出现最小反射率-15.1 dB;高频段、碳纤维质量掺量为0.4%时,出现最小反射率-19.4 dB。     

复掺石墨和碳纤维对导电混凝土性能的影响

设计试验并概述了复掺石墨和碳纤维的导电沥青混凝土的制备流程,分析了碳纤维掺量、石墨种类和电阻率之间关系,并探究材料导电机制;通过室内性能试验分析了碳纤维掺量和石墨种类对混凝土路用性能的影响。试验结果显示,在混凝土中掺加适当的碳纤维、石墨能使混凝土结构内形成导电链并表现出导电性能,其中掺加石墨会对混凝土的路用性能产生一定负面作用,而碳纤维的掺入能够改善混凝土的水稳定性、高温稳定性和低温性能。     

表面热处理碳纤维及其增强水泥基复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

在1200℃左右,将短切碳纤维进行化学气相沉积处理后,制成碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料.对处理后的碳纤维表面形貌及复合材料样品的断面进行了扫描电镜观察,利用海军研究实验室弓型反射率测试系统测试了碳纤维质量掺量为0.2%,0.5%,0.6%,1.0%时,复合材料试样在C,X,Ku波段对电磁波的反射率.结果表明:高温热处理改变了碳纤维的表面形貌,增强了纤维与基体之间的界面结合力,改善了复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能.当碳纤维掺量为0.2%时,在上述3个波段均出现最小反射率,复合材料主要吸收电磁波;当碳纤维掺量为0.5%时,复合材料主要反射电磁波.     

不同骨料分维与碳纤维掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响

通过骨料分维值的不同和碳纤维掺量的不同,研究骨料分维值和碳纤维掺量对混凝土基本力学性能的影响。结果表明,骨料分维2.3的抗压强度和抗折强度是最大的;碳纤维的掺入对混凝土抗折强度的影响明显优于其对抗压强度的影响,并且纤维掺量在0.08%时效果最好。     

羰基铁粉-碳纤维水泥基复合材料的吸波性能

采用海军研究实验室反射率测试系统,研究了单掺碳纤维和复掺羰基铁粉碳纤维水泥基复合材料在2～18GHz频率段的吸波性能.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析了复合材料微观结构和组成成分的变化.结果表明:单掺碳纤维时,在2～8GHz低频率段,反射率随碳纤维掺量增加逐渐增强;在8～18 GHz高频率段,随碳纤维掺量增加.复合材料吸...     

轻质碳纤维—水泥—硅粉复合材料

轻质碳纤维－水泥复合材料中，碳纤维的增强作用主要取决于碳纤维与水泥基体的粘结作用。本文从研究轻骨料、水灰比、外加剂，特别是硅粉对复合材料遥影响出发，提出了增强“微细效应”。有利于改善碳纤维与水泥基体的粘结作用。     

不同种类碳纤维对水泥基材料导电和抗压强度的影响

通过在水泥基材料中掺入东丽T300、卓尔泰克PX35、中复神鹰SYT45三种不同碳纤维,研究了碳纤维种类、拨开方式对复合材料导电性能和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,碳纤维水泥基材料电阻率随着碳纤维掺量增加呈数量级降低,T300型碳纤维在低掺量下能有效降低水泥基材料电阻率。采用层层拨捻有利于纤维的分散,但在捻开过程中,纤维表面碳的损失降低了碳纤维水泥基材料导电性。SYT…45-CB碳纤维水泥基材料电阻率最大。四极法规避了电极电阻和接触电阻,所测得的电阻率更接近真实值。T300型碳纤维水泥基材料抗压强度优于PX35型碳纤维水泥基材料。层层拨捻分散方式提高纤维均布性,增加了碳纤维水泥基材料的强度。     

Dispersion of carbon fibers and conductivity of carbon fiber-reinforced cement-based composites

Dispersion of carbon fibers in the cement matrix remains a hot topic in the preparation of carbon fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (CFRC) because it affects greatly both the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. In this work, a new dispersant hydroxyethyl cellulose was used with the aids of pre-dispersion by ultrasonic wave to realize the uniform distribution of chopped carbon fibers in the cement matrix. The fracture surface of the prepared CFRC was observed by scanning electron microscopy, the elemental distribution was investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the components was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Influences of carbon fiber lengths and contents, water/cement weight ratio, molding process, curing time, and silica fume content over the conductivity of the CFRC composites were studied. The mechanism of conductivity was discussed. Results shown that the electrical resistivity intended to decrease with the increasing of carbon fiber contents. The mass fraction 0.6% of carbon fibers was a turning point. The concentration of hydroxyethyl cellulose between 1.66% and 1.86% was mostly beneficial for the dispersion of carbon fibers. The resistivity was increased first and decreased then with the increase of water/cement ratio. When the CFRC sample was prepared by the vibrating pressing method, the resistivity of the sample was reduced far greatly than that of the sample by the vibrating method. The incorporation of silica fume into the CFRC composites exerted not only a good effect on the dispersion of carbon fibers, but also increased the density of the composites to further influence the conductivity of the CFRC.     

Synergistic effect of carbon fillers in electrically conductive nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins

The electrical conductivity of polymeric materials can be increased by the addition of carbon fillers, such as carbon fibers, carbon black, and synthetic graphite. The resulting composites could be used in applications such as electromagnetic and radio frequency interference shielding and electrostatic dissipation. A significant amount of work has been conducted varying the amount of single conductive fillers in a composite material. In contrast, very limited work has been conducted concerning the effect of combinations of various types of conductive fillers. In this study, three different carbon fillers were used: carbon black, synthetic graphite pareticles, and pitch based carbon fiber. Two different polymers were used: nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate. The goal of this project was to determine the effect of each filler and combinations of different fillers on the electrical conductivity of conductive resins. A 2³ factorial design was analyzed to determine the effects of the three different carbon fillers in nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate. The results showed that carbon black caused the largest increase in composite electrical conductivity. The factorial design analysis also showed that combinations of different carbon fillers do have a positive synergistic effect, thereby increasing the composite electrical conductivity.     

Thermally conductive nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins. I. Synergistic effects of carbon fillers

Increasing the thermal conductivity of typically insulating polymers, such as nylon 6,6, opens new markets. A thermally conductive resin can be used for heat‐sink applications. This research focused on performing compounding runs followed by injection molding and thermal conductivity testing of carbon filled nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins. The three carbon fillers investigated included an electrically conductive carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and a milled pitch‐based carbon fiber. For each polymer, conductive resins were produced and tested that contained varying amounts of these single carbon fillers. In addition, combinations of fillers were investigated by conducting a full 2³ factorial design and a complete replicate in each polymer. The objective of this article was to determine the effects and interactions of each filler on the thermal conductivity properties of the conductive resins. From the through‐plane thermal conductivity results, it was determined that for both nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins, synthetic graphite particles caused the largest increase in composite thermal conductivity, followed by carbon fibers. The combination of synthetic graphite particles and carbon fiber had the third most important effect on composite thermal conductivity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 112–122, 2003     

Thermoelectric percolation phenomena in carbon fiber-reinforced concrete

The measurements of thermoelectric power (TEP) and conductivity on carbon fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC) containing short polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers (0.2–2.0 wt.%) were conducted. Percolation phenomena in CFRC associated with TEP were observed. TEP in CFRC increases, with the content of short carbon fiber increasing from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. As the content of carbon fiber reaches 1.2 wt.%, TEP decreases abruptly. In the end, TEP is almost maintained marginally with increasing content of carbon fiber from 1.4 to 2.0 wt.%. Therefore, the threshold is 1.2 wt.%, which is the same as the percolation content associated with conductivity. The results provide an important guide for the manufacture of smart concrete that has the ability for thermal self-diagnosis.     

Synergistic effects of carbon fillers in electrically and thermally conductive liquid crystal polymer based resins

Adding conductive carbon fillers to insulating thermoplastic resins increases composite electrical and thermal conductivity. Often, as much of a single type of carbon filler is added to achieve the desired conductivity, while still allowing the material to be molded into a bipolar plate for a fuel cell. In this study, varying amounts of three different carbons (carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and carbon fiber) were added to Vectra A950RX Liquid Crystal Polymer. The resulting single filler composites were tested for electrical resistivity (1/electrical conductivity) and thermal conductivity. In addition, the effects of single fillers and combinations of two different carbon fillers were studied via a factorial design. The results indicated that for the composites containing only single fillers, synthetic graphite, followed by carbon fiber, cause a statistically significant decrease in composite electrical resistivity. Composites containing only synthetic graphite, followed by carbon black, and then carbon fiber cause a statistically significant increase in thermal conductivity. For the combinations of two different fillers, the composites containing carbon black/synthetic graphite and synthetic graphite/carbon fiber had a statistically significant and positive effect on thermal conductivity. It is possible that thermally conductive pathways are formed that “link” these carbon fillers, which results in increased composite thermal conductivity. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的电磁性能

炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites,CFRC)是新发展起来的一种电磁屏蔽材料,它是防止电磁污染的防护性功能材料之一。本文阐述了炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备成型工艺;分析了炭纤维掺入量和长度、水灰比和密实成型制备工艺、炭纤维分散性、养护龄期、外加剂、炭纤维表面化学气相沉积(CVD)处理等因素对CFRC力学性能、导电性能、压敏性能及电磁性能的影响。合适的炭纤维掺入量和长度、炭纤维的均匀分散、合理的水灰比和炭纤维表面处理是影响CFRC导电性能和电磁性能的主要因素。CFRC对电磁波的屏蔽效果除利用屏蔽效能从反射电磁波角度衡量外,亦可从吸收电磁波角度利用反射率进行评价。     

活化剂对煤沥青及其沥青焦的改性作用初探

初步探讨了活化剂的加入对煤沥青的焦化活性、沥青焦的结构、氧化活性和导电性的影响,实验结果表明：活化剂改性后的煤沥青,固定碳含量提高。用这种煤沥青制得的沥青焦,其抗氧化性提高,在活化剂加入量适宜时沥青焦的导电性能也有所提高。     

Thermally conductive nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins. II. Modeling

Increasing the thermal conductivity of typically insulating polymers opens new markets. A thermally conductive resin can be used for heat‐sink applications. This research focused on extruding followed by injection molding and thermal conductivity testing of carbon filled nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate‐based resins. The three carbon fillers investigated included an electrically conductive carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and a milled pitch‐based carbon fiber. For each polymer, conductive resins were produced and tested that contained varying amounts of these single carbon fillers. In addition, combinations of fillers were investigated by conducting a full 2³ factorial design and a complete replicate in each polymer. These through‐plane thermal conductivity experimental results were then compared to results predicted by several different thermal conductivity models. An improved thermal conductivity model was developed that fit the experimental results well for resins that contained single fillers and combinations of different fillers. This improved model was based on the original Nielsen model. A single value for the shape parameter, A (which is needed in Nielsen's model), was used for all three different fillers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 123–130, 2003     

Development of an additive equation for predicting the electrical conductivity of carbon‐filled composites

The electrical conductivity of polymeric materials can be increased by the addition of carbon fillers. The resulting composites can be used in applications such as electrostatic dissipation and interference shielding. Electrical conductivity models are often proposed to predict the conductivity behavior of these materials. The electrical conductivity of carbon‐filled polymers was studied here by the addition of three single fillers to nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate in increasing concentrations. The fillers used in this project were carbon black, synthetic‐graphite particles, and milled pitch‐based carbon fibers. Materials were extruded and injection‐molded into test specimens, and then the electrical conductivity was measured. Additional material characterization tests included optical microscopy for determining the filler aspect ratio and orientation. The filler and matrix surface energies were also determined. An updated model developed by Mamunya and others and a new additive model (including the constituent conductivities, filler volume fraction, percolation threshold, constituent surface energies, filler aspect ratio, and filler orientation) fit the electrical conductivity results well. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2280–2299, 2003     

Structure and conductivity of carbon materials produced from coal pitch with carbon additives

Attention focuses on the structure and electrical conductivity of carbon materials obtained by the carbonization of coal pitch in the presence of additives (nanotubes, graphite foam, and graphite), at temperatures up to 900°C. In some cases, ultrasonic mixing is used on introducing the additives to the pitch. Ultrasonic mixing is found to change the properties of the pitch and affect the properties of the carbon material produced. In particular, the proportion of carbon with an ordered structure is increased; the electrical conductivity at temperatures below 40 K is increased; and the energy barrier E _g between individual crystallites is reduced almost fourfold. At higher temperatures, the electrical conductivity is practically unchanged. Adding nanotubes to the pitch reduces the content of ordered carbon structures in the carbon material produced and lowers its electrical conductivity. Adding graphite foam and graphite to the pitch increases the order and electrical conductivity of the carbon material produced and lowers the energy barrier E _g between individual crystallites in the samples. The electrical conductivity of all the carbon materials below 16 K is described by the characteristic formula for fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction. This indicates that contacts between individual crystallites are mainly responsible for the electrical conductivity.