PTN 网络的二次断纤链路规划算法

在 PTN(Packet Transport Network)网络规划建设中,需要对光纤链路留出备份带宽,以保证部分光纤断开时,受影响业务有足够的容量进行路由重组.这也是提高网络生存性的有效方法之一.文中首先遍历网络双链路的失效状态,然后断开网络中任意两条链路,通过逐次增加链路容量来保证失效业务能够重组路由;最后提出二次断纤链路容量规划算法并进行试验仿真.结果表明,该算法在节约网络带宽、降低建造成本以及故障容错方面有着良好性能,能够很好应用于传送网络的链路规划中.     

PRDT（2，1）架构的NoC系统容错路由算法

链路和节点的故障会导致网络中许多节点无法相互通讯,因此容错性是NoC系统设计中的一个重要问题。基于一种新的NoC网络拓扑结构PRDT（2,1）,提出一种PRDT（2,1）容错路由算法以及相应的节点失效算法。节点失效算法通过使较少数量的无故障节点失效来构造矩形故障区域,PRDT（2,1）容错路由算法仅使用了最小数量的虚拟通道并提供足够的自适应性以实现无死锁容错路由。只要故障区域没有断开网络,这一算法能够保证路由的连通性。算法在不同故障率的PRDT（2,1）网络中仿真,结果显示这一算法具有良好的平滑降级使用特性。     

移动Ad Hoc网络中基于剩余生存时间的链路稳定性路由协议

在移动Ad Hoc网络中,链路的稳定性是网络性能的保证。提出一种基于剩余生存时间的链路稳定性路由协议—RLT-LSRP,该协议中当节点检测到分组接收功率小于某一阈值时,依据分组接收功率的变化来区分节点间相对运动的趋势,结合节点的动态属性和三角形几何定理,选择链路剩余生存时间最长的路径进行数据转发,在链路断开之前提前启动路由修复机制。实验结果表明:RLT-LSRP协议能够有效地减少路由失效次数,增强路由的稳定性,延长网络的生存时间。     

一种快捷的MPLS网络负载均衡动态路由算法

针对MPLS网络引入了一种快捷的有带宽保证的负载均衡动态路由算法（FDRA），该算法通过提出预期负载的概念和链路上的剩余容量来定义链路的成本，然后采用以链路成本为基础的最短路径算法选路，使得网络快捷地建立尽可能多的有带宽保证的路由，并且使这些路由均衡地通过网络。在与其他算法相比较中，该算法在业务请求拒绝率和重路由性能方面有更好的表现，特别是路由的建立时间快捷。     

基于关键网络状态的域内路由可用性研究

业界通常采用路由保护方案来提高域内路由可用性.然而已有的路由保护方案存在下面两个方面的问题:a)没有考虑网络中链路的失效概率,同等对待网络中所有的链路,事实上在互联网中,不同链路的失效概率是不同的,因此应该在路由保护方案中考虑链路的失效概率;b)将保护链路的数量作为设计目标,事实上方面某些链路出错的概率非常低,保护这些链路反而会增加开销,而另一方面某些链路出错的概率非常高,需要重点保护这些链路.因此应该将路由可用性作为路由保护方案的设计目标.针对上述两个问题,提出了一种基于关键网络状态的域内路由保护方案(RPBCNS),该算法首先通过链路失效概率计算出所有的关键网络状态,然后在每种关键网络状态下计算节点对之间相应的路径,保证节点对之间路径的多样性,从而使得尽可能多的节点对满足路由可用性需求.仿真实验将RPBCNS算法与主流算法ECMP、DC、path splicing分别在三个真实网络中进行对比,在网络可用性和节点对可用性满足率上RPBCNS的性能明显优于其他三种算法.仿真结果表明,RP-BCNS不仅具有较高的网络可用性,并且能够使得尽可能多的节点对满足路由可用性目标,更符合实时应用的实际需求.     

一种基于AODV协议的先发式路由维护机制

移动AdHoc网络是一种高度动态的无线网络,路由成为其实际应用中必须解决的关键问题。传统按需式路由算法的路由维护机制,只是在链路中断后才触发路由查找,而探测断链与重新建立一条新的链路的开销非常大。本文提出了一种基于AODV协议的先发式路由维护机制,能够在通信过程中根据链路信号强度实时监测链路稳定性,预测链路断开趋势,并在链路断开之前找出一条更加稳定的链路进行替代,减轻了在断链之后进行修复而造成的数据包的延迟与不稳定性。仿真实验表明,这种新的路由维护机制明显提高了网络多方面的性能。     

Ad hoc网络中的抢先式路由算法

在无线Ad Hoc网络中，由于节点的频繁移动导致的路由失效引起了网络性能的严重下降。文中提出了一种针对无线Ad Hoc网络按需路由协议的抢先式路由算法。该算法以链路状态分析为基础，在路由发现时尽量保证新发现路由的可靠性；若节点接收信号强度小于危险阈值，则启动链路状态分析模块预测链路失效时间，如果预测结果小于反应时间，就提前进行路由维护。仿真结果表明，该算法能以可接受的开销有效地减少路由失效数、降低分组投递延迟，提高了网络性能。     

基于蚁群算法的可信网络路由

针对不同的网络实际条件,提出一种基于蚁群算法的可信网络路由算法,以寻找网络中任意2个节点间的最优路由。在将链路带宽使用情况作为影响路由重组结果可信度的因素时,同时考虑了路由中节点间链路上的耗费和延时这两个因素,实现了可信的网络路由重组。仿真结果显示,该方法在较快地找到较低耗费和延时路由的同时,能够有效地提高路由重组结果的可信度。     

WDM网络中支持多优先级动态业务的路由算法

路由问题始终是WDM网络中的一个核心问题。基于多优先级动态业务,对不同等级的业务设置不同的瓶颈门限,产生不同的禁用链路集,当一个连接请求到达时,根据其优先级在网络中将相应的禁用链路删去,在剩余网络中寻求最优路由,从而获得一种新的路由算法——链路限制法。算法能缓解通信链路中的“瓶颈”,同时保证高优先级的连接请求具有较好的传输指标。     

基于蚁群的Ad Hoc网络多路径路由的改进

在大规模的Ad Hoc网络中,带宽有限,并且节点移动会引起链路频繁中断,从而导致传输时延较大。针对这些缺点,文中提出了加入了链路失效预测的蚁群多路径路由算法LA-ACO （ Location Aided ACO）。通过蚁群算法的分布式计算来寻找多条路由,并利用多路径路由来进行数据包的负载平衡,同时进行链路失效的预测,利用蚁群的正反馈机制完成快速主动路由修复。在仿真得到的结果中可以发现,该算法有较好的寻优能力,并且适应于Ad Hoc网络的拓扑多变化的特性。     

一种测量任意链路可用带宽的方法

可用带宽测量对于网络行为分析、网络服务质量(quality of service,简称QoS)的验证等有很重要的作用.现有可用带宽测量工作主要集中在端到端路径可用带宽测量,仅提供路径上承压链路(tight link)的信息,而不能提供其他关键链路的信息.为此,提出一种新颖的链路可用带宽测量算法LinkPPQ(trains of pairs of packet-quartets used to measure available bandwidth of arbitrary links),它采用由四探测分组结构对构成的探测序列,能够测量网络中任意链路的可用带宽,并跟踪该链路上背景流的变化.在仿真环境和实际网络环境下研究了LinkPPQ 的性能.仿真结果表明,在几种不同背景流场景下,对于具有单狭窄链路的路径和具有多狭窄链路的路径,LinkPPQ 都能够对各个链路的可用带宽进行有效的测量.绝大多数情况下测量误差小于30%,且具有较好的测量平稳性.实验网的实验结果也表明,LinkPPQ 可以准确测量以下几种情况下的链路的可用带宽:a) 从容量为10Mbps 的链路准确地测量一条100Mbps 链路的可用带宽;b) 准确测量容量10 倍于紧邻其后狭窄链路的容量的链路的可用带宽;c) 准确测量具有多狭窄链路的路径上各狭窄链路的可用带宽.     

An Equitable Bandwidth Allocation Model for Video-on-Demand Networks

Video-on-Demand (VOD) or near-VOD services are expected to grow significantly over time, providing diverse programs for home entertainment, learning and training, news-on-demand, and other applications. These services require large bandwidth resources. We present a model for bandwidth allocation in a tree network with limited link capacities, where a server at the root node repeatedly broadcasts copies of various programs. The time intervals between successive broadcasts of each program can be increased at subsequent nodes, or the video quality can be decreased, thus providing different service performance to different nodes while satisfying the capacity constraints. The model is formulated as an equitable resource allocation problem with a lexicographic minimax objective function and tree-like ordering constraints. We present a lexicographic minimax algorithm that allocates each link’s bandwidth among the programs carried on the link. The algorithm repeatedly solves minimax problems, and fixes some variables at their optimal value after the solution of each such problem. The algorithm for solving the minimax problems uses a bisection search to find the minimax solution with the minimal decision variable values. The model also provides an ordered list of links from the most critical link to the least critical link, a useful feature for capacity expansion planning decisions.     

基于rLFA技术的性能优化及重路由选择算法研究

为进一步提高网络单故障快速恢复能力,基于改进的Remote Loop-Free Alternates(rLFA)重路由技术,提出一种采用混沌粒子群并考虑网络物理传输代价和拥塞代价的重路由选择算法.首先基于rLFA的隧道建立方法对其进行改进,结合引入隧道技术的链路增补方法来实现故障全覆盖,通过设置权重因子来保证在不同业务量下的重路由选择针对性.实验表明,改进的rLFA能进一步提高网络单故障覆盖率,同时结合链路增补方法在保证故障完全覆盖的情况下能够大幅度减少链路增补数量;路由选择算法能够动态选择不同业务量下的重路由路径,在提高网络单故障环境下的传输效率的同时也实现了负载均衡.     

Dynamic Multicast in Overlay Networks with Linear Capacity Constraints

In a peer-to-peer overlay network, the phenomenon of multiple overlay links sharing bottleneck physical links leads to correlation of overlay link capacities. We are able to more accurately model the overlay by incorporating these linear capacity constraints (LCCs). We formulate the problem of maximizing bandwidth in overlay multicast using our LCC model. We show that finding a maximum bandwidth multicast tree in an overlay network with LCC is NP-complete. Therefore, an efficient heuristics algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Extensive simulations show that our algorithm is able to construct multicast trees that are optimal or extremely close to optimal, with significantly higher bandwidth than trees formed in overlays with no LCC. Furthermore, we develop a fully distributed algorithm for obtaining near-optimal multicast trees, by means of gossip-based algorithms and a restricted but inherently distributed class of LCC (node-based LCC). We demonstrate that the distributed algorithm converges quickly to the centralized optimal and is highly scalable.     

智能DNS系统在校园网的研究与实现

随着教育网出口的日益拥挤,增设第二出口成为现实,为了能对服务器的流量带宽进行智能动态分配,有效的提高校外用户对学校资源的访问速度。本文通过构建智能DNS,与出口设备相组合,根据网络用户的源IP地址的不同,对域名返回不同的解析结果为理论基础,实现了双链路自动选择的方案。     

Virtual network mapping algorithm in the cloud infrastructure

Network virtualization has received considerable attention recently because a Cloud Provider (CP) that is responsible for deploying a substrate network in the cloud infrastructure uses network virtualization to support multiple Virtual Network (VN) requests over the shared substrate network. However, mapping multiple VN requests with constraints on virtual nodes and virtual links into a shared substrate network presents a significant challenge, and is considered an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we propose a heuristic mapping algorithm that handles online VN requests. The node mapping algorithm selects a substrate node for mapping that satisfies both a virtual node's resource requirement and its amount of requested bandwidth. The link mapping algorithm either maps a virtual link to the shortest substrate path that satisfies the requested bandwidth of the virtual link or uses the cut-shortest path approach to map a virtual link to multiple substrate paths that satisfy the requested bandwidth of the virtual link. The path migration algorithm migrates virtual links to different substrate paths to maximize the number of accepted VN requests in a substrate network. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristic mapping algorithm uses resources more efficiently, produces more revenue, and has better performance than existing mapping approaches.     

Multicast protection scheme in survivable WDM optical networks

The protection design is a key issue in survivable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. Most researches focused on protecting unicast traffic against the failure of a single network component such as a link or a node. In this paper, we investigate the protection scheme for multicast traffic in meshed WDM optical networks under dual-link failure consideration, and propose a novel protection algorithm called shared segment protection with reprovisioning (SSPR). Through dynamically adjusting link-cost according to the current network state, SSPR establishes a primary light-tree and corresponding link-disjoint backup segments for each multicast connection request. A backup segment can efficiently share wavelength capacity of its working tree or the common resource of other backup segments. Capacity reprovisioning establishes new segments for the vulnerable connections after a link failure and tolerates following link failures. The simulation results show that SSPR not only can make good use of wavelength resources and protect multicast sessions against any single-link failure, but also can greatly improve the traffic restorability in the event of dual-link breakdown.     

Network Capacity Reliability Analysis Considering Traffic Regulation after a Major Disaster

The focuses of this paper are optimal traffic regulation after a major disaster and evaluation of capacity reliability of a network. The paper firstly discusses the context of traffic regulation and its importance after a major disaster. Then, this problem is formulated as an optimisation program in which the traffic regulator attempts to regulate the amount of traffic movements or access to some areas so as to maximise the traffic volumes in the network while (a) link flows must be less than link capacities and (b) re-routing effect due to changes of traffic condition in the network is allowed. The re-routing behaviour is assumed to follow Probit Stochastic User's Equilibrium (SUE). The paper explains an optimisation algorithm based on an implicit programming approach for solving this problem with the SUE condition. With this optimisation problem, the randomness of the link capacities (to represent random effects of the disaster) is introduced and the paper describes an approach to approximate the capacity reliability of the network using Monte-Carlo simulation. The paper then adopts this approach to evaluate the performances of different traffic regulation policies with a small network and a test network of Kobe city in Japan.     

多信道无线Mesh网络信道分配算法

针对无线Mesh网络的带宽容量问题,文章通过使用无线网络干扰协议模型对无线链路的干扰进行量化,利用整数线性规划公式对信道分配问题进行描述,在信道分配的时候,应用目标函数对无线链路的信道分配进行优化,使网络总的干扰权重最小化,在此基础上提出一个信道分配的启发式算法。仿真结果表明,文章提出的算法能提高网络的吞吐量。     

CbRouter:一种利用交叉开关旁路的双向链路片上网络路由器

片上互连网络为多核体系结构提供了高效的通信支持。目前的片上网络通常采用单向传输链路,链路资源利用率较低。为了实现链路带宽资源高效分配、进而高效利用链路带宽资源,提出了一种新的双向链路调度算法,并设计了一种支持此算法的双向链路路由器。这种新型的路由器结构能够在不影响路由原有数据通道条件下,提供一条旁路数据通道来快速传输数据。实验结果表明,应用该双向链路路由器可使Mesh网络饱和吞吐率和链路平均利用率分别得到最大83.3%和24.53%的提升。