预紧力对滚柱直线导轨副振动特性的影响研究

为了研究预紧力对滚柱直线导轨副振动特性的影响,文中提出采用ADAMS仿真分析和实验相结合的方法。首先,通过采用不同过盈量的滚柱来表示不同的预紧力;然后,用ADAMS仿真软件对不同预紧等级下的滚柱直线导轨副进行仿真分析得到各阶固有频率及振型;最后,采用锤击法对仿真结果进行实验验证。从结果分析可以看出,仿真结果和实验结果基本吻合,且预紧力增大,导轨副的各阶固有频率也相应增大。文中的研究结果对研究机床振动和振动控制以及准确进行机床动态优化设计具有重要意义。     

基于ADAMS的滚柱直线导轨副的动态仿真

针对于高速重载滚柱直线导轨副实际使用中存在的问题,以滚柱直线导轨结构设计和性能为分析重点,应用机械动力学理论、多体动力学理论及虚拟样机技术,在虚拟样机技术分析软件AD-AMS环境下对滚柱直线导轨副进行动态仿真研究,建立结构参数及性能与仿真输出结果联系,对结构参数进行优化设计,提高滚柱直线导轨设计效率及产品性能.     

滚柱直线导轨副滚动体结构改进设计及其性能试验

在对滚柱直线导轨副滚柱进行线接触应力与变形理论分析的基础上,重点研究不同结构滚柱的接触应力分布。利用数值计算和有限元仿真,对相同静载荷下不同滚柱端部压力奇异分布进行数据对比,以优化滚柱结构设计。结果表明：圆弧修形滚子结构不但可以减小应力集中,而且能保持导轨副的刚性。优化后LZ45型滚柱直线导轨的性能优于优化前导轨的性能。     

滚动直线导轨副性能评价方法研究与试验分析

滚动直线导轨副性能评价方法的研究对于指导导轨副生产,提高导轨副性能特性有着重要的意义。为了全面的评价滚动直线导轨副的性能状况,在测量的基础上,提出了基于多个测量指标的多项指标综合评价方法,建立了一种基于熵权法与专家打分法相结合的不等权重综合评价模型。并设计试验,对国内外4家无保持链45滚柱直线导轨副进行测评。试验结果表明,该评价方法可以有效的评价导轨副的性能状况。     

滚动直线导轨副摩擦力动态测量试验研究

滚动直线导轨副是高速高精度数控机床的重要功能部件,其摩擦特性对机床整机的力学特性具有重要影响,因此对导轨摩擦力的大小进行检测具有重要的意义。针对摩擦力检测要求,设计了一种自动检测滚动直线导轨副摩擦力的试验装置,将测量结果与手动测量进行对比,并对某一型号的滚动直线导轨副进行重复性测试,验证了该测量方法的可靠性。针对35和45型号的滚动直线导轨副进行不同速度条件下的摩擦力测试,试验结果表明,随着速度增加,导轨副摩擦力有先减小后增大的趋势。     

液压金刚石飞切机床整机模态分析

以我国自主研制的某液压金刚石飞切机床为研究对象,对考虑地基的机床整机动态性能进行研究。使用UG和ANSYS Workbench联合仿真对机床整机进行有限元模态分析,得到机床的前6阶固有频率和振型;运用模态测试系统对机床整机进行模态测试,基于实模态参数识别方法获得机床的模态参数。通过有限元仿真与试验结果对比分析发现,前6阶固有频率误差均不超过10%且对应模态振型基本一致,验证了研究结果的正确性。机床整机低阶模态振型表现为床身系统相对地基的整体转动与平动,说明机床整体机构设计合理,为机床整机进一步的时变多体动力学规律预测奠定了基础。     

滚柱直线导轨副磨损系数计算与试验研究

磨损系数是表征滚柱直线导轨副耐磨性的重要参数，然而目前关于滚柱直线导轨副磨损系数的计算方法和试验研究较为缺乏。基于Archard磨损理论，考虑滚柱直线导轨副滑块沿导轨往复运动的特点，引入了修正系数。结合滚柱与滚道间的接触载荷以及滑动速度，建立了新的滚柱直线导轨副磨损系数计算模型。搭建了滚柱直线导轨副加载运转试验系统，测量得到了两根滚柱直线导轨副的摩擦力变化曲线。试验结果表明，滚柱直线导轨副在磨损过程中的摩擦力呈现先快速下降，再缓慢下降，最后小幅度上升的趋势，测得两根样件的磨损系数分别为1.57×10^-13和1.16×10^-13,均处于10^-13这一数量级，这一磨损系数可以用于滚柱直线导轨副磨损相关研究。     

基于结合面的车铣复合加工中心有限元建模

结合面是影响机床动态特性的关键因素,在机床有限元建模过程中必须考虑结合面的影响.以某车铣复合加工中心为研究对象,基于固定结合面和移动结合面的有限元建模,建立了整机的有限元模型.对整机有限元模型进行模态分析,并对整机进行模态试验,然后将整机的模态分析的计算结果与实验结果相比较,证实了该有限元模型的准确性和该结合面建模方法的有效性.     

滚柱直线导轨副精度损失模型及其试验研究

针对滚柱直线导轨副精度保持性问题,对其在加载条件下运动精度损失过程进行建模与试验研究.基于经典力学与Hertz弹性接触理论对滚柱直线导轨副在加载条件下滚柱与滚道间接触面进行了力学与变形分析;分析了载荷作用下滚道磨损量的动态变化特性,在此基础上建立滚柱直线导轨副运动精度损失模型;提出了对滚柱直线导轨副运动精度损失过程进行试验的方法.试验结果表明,所建立的模型正确有效,能描述滚柱直线导轨副在加载运行条件下运动精度变化规律.     

基于ABAQUS的龙门五面加工中心动态特性分析

针对使用直线电机配合滚柱式导轨驱动的新型龙门五面加工中心,采用有限元方法在提取模型特征模态的基础上进一步做了双主轴切削时的频域激励仿真,得到了结构上的薄弱位置和最大切削误差以及相应的切削频率,为该机床的改进以及后续型号的设计提供了动力学特性上的依据.     

Modeling the machining stability of a vertical milling machine under the influence of the preloaded linear guide

The prediction of machining stability is of great importance for the design of a machine tool capable of high-precision and high-speed machining. The machining performance is determined by the frequency characteristics of the machine tool structure and the dynamics of the cutting process, and can be expressed in terms of a stability lobe diagram. The aim of this study is to develop a finite element model to evaluate the dynamic characteristics and machining stability of a vertical milling system. Rolling interfaces with a contact stiffness defined by Hertz theory were used to couple the linear components and the machine structures in the finite element model. Using the model, the vibration mode that had a dominant influence on the dynamic stiffness and the machining stability was determined. The results of the finite element simulations reveal that linear guides with different preloads greatly affect the dynamic behavior and milling stability of the vertical column spindle head system. These results were validated by performing vibration and machining tests. We conclude that the proposed model can be used to accurately evaluate the dynamic performance of machine tool systems designed with various configurations and with different linear rolling components.     

Identification method for damping parameters of roller linear guides

A virtual prototype can save cost and time during the design phase of today??s machine tools. Beside the calculation of the static behavior the prediction of the dynamic behavior gets more and more important, but the calculation results are often not satisfactory. Basically this is caused by a lack of knowledge about damping properties of machine tool components and their modeling. Within a project of the German Research Foundation (DFG) the damping of roller linear guides is investigated. The measuring method used to identify the components?? damping utilizes a simulation model to separate the damping of the machine component from the damping of the test bench itself and is state of the art. This article illustrates an extended version of this measuring method which isolates the components?? damping more precisely. Furthermore a first set of results for three types of roller linear guides with different preload classes is presented.     

Effect of preload of linear guides on dynamic characteristics of a vertical column–spindle system

Realization on the dynamic characteristics of the column–spindle system is of importance for enhancing the structural performance of a vertical milling machine. Generally, the spindle head is fed under linear guide mechanism through a ball-screw driver. To assess the dynamic characteristics of a vertical column–spindle system under the influence of a linear guide, this study developed a finite element model integrated with the modeling of linear components with the implementation of contact stiffness at the rolling interface. Both the finite element simulations and the vibration tests reveal that the preload of a linear guide greatly affects the vibration behavior associated with a spindle head, and the dynamic stiffness of the spindle head could be enhanced by increasing the preload of the linear guide. Current results clearly indicate that the simulations agree well with the experimental measurements. This also confirms that the proposed model can be successfully applied to evaluate the dynamics characteristics of machine tool systems of various configurations.     

高速数控车削中心动态特性分析及结构优化

以某高速数控车削中心为研究对象,建立了基于结合面的整机有限元模型,并对其进行了动态特性分析,得到系统的各阶固有频率与振型图,找出了影响整机动态特性的薄弱环节。通过改进调整垫的结构,提高了机床的第一阶固有频率,改善了机床整机的动态性能。     

多轴机床快速有限元建模与随位动态特性预估

针对多轴机床随位动态特性难以高效求解的问题,提出一种快速有限元建模方法。该方法先根据结合部建模方案对机床进行子结构划分与前处理,再用弹簧-阻尼单元表征子结构间结合部的连接特性,最后通过局部坐标变换调节各子结构在机床中的位置与姿态,从而完成整机的参数化有限元建模。运用所提方法,建立了某型五轴动梁龙门立式车铣复合机床的参数化有限元模型。该模型仅需单次有限元前处理,即可快速预估机床工作全域内不同位姿下的结构动态特性。预估了该机床前5阶固有频率以及0~150 Hz频带内刀尖点频响函数在工作全域内的分布规律,为机床结构动力修改与加工参数优选提供了力学依据。     

数控高精成型铣齿机床整机动态特性分析

基于结合部基础特性参数,研究铣齿机床导轨和螺栓两种结合部的有限元建模方法,并将其用于机床整机的动态特性分析;采用振动噪声测试仪器对铣齿机进行动态测试,验证了有限元模型的正确性。     

基于环境模型优化的机器人磨抛阻抗控制

对比传统加工机床,机器人的刚度与定位精度较低,为提高机器人辅助磨削的加工质量,需要控制其加工过程中的接触压力。基于球形弹性磨具磨削时的接触特性,以磨具的下压量为自变量,磨具与工件的接触压力为因变量进行有限元仿真,对下压量-接触压力仿真结果进行曲线拟合,并通过接触实验验证其准确性,以此建立基于环境模型修正的阻抗力学控制模型,从而进行自由曲面力控实验。结果表明:建立的基于环境模型修正的阻抗控制方法能有效改善球形弹性磨具的力控性能,自由曲面力控精度达到±0.5 N,且可为球形弹性磨具复杂曲面的磨削加工提供稳定的磨削压力。      

机床整机特性的有限元分析方法

基于结合面基础特性参数，研究了机床导轨结合部特性的有限元建模方法，并将其用于机床整机的特性分析，为机床整机特性分析中结合部特性参数的确定提供了一种方法，使从机床图样设计阶段预测整机特性成为可能。首先给出了结合部单元的建模方法，然后通过一个实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Thermal behavior of a machine tool equipped with linear motors

Development of a feed drive system with high speed and accuracy has been a major issue in the machine tool industry. Linear motors can be used as efficient tool to achieve the high speed and accuracy. However, a high speed feed drive system with linear motors, in turn, can generate heat problems. Also, frictional heat is produced at the ball or roller bearing of LM block when driven at high speed. It can affect the thermal deformation of the linear scale as well as that of the machine tool structure.In this paper, important heat sources and resulting thermal errors in a machine tool equipped with linear motors were investigated when it was operated at high speed. The thermal deformation characteristics were identified through measuring the thermal error caused from thermal deformation of the linear scale and the machine tool structure. The dominant thermal error components were identified from the thermal error analysis using finite element method. It was shown that the proposed analysis scheme is efficient in identifying the dominant thermal error components and its magnitudes such as the thermal expansion and movement of the linear scale, thermal deformation of the machine tool slide.