某新型粉末高温合金热压缩变形特性的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了某新型粉末合金在变形温度为1070～1170℃、应变速率为5×10-4s-1～2×10-1s-1的热压缩塑性变形行为,分析了合金流变应力、应变速率、变形温度之间的关系。结果表明,该合金的真应力-应变曲线在高应变速率下(ε≥2×10-2s-1),呈现出典型的动态再结晶特征,低应变速率下(ε≤2×10-3s-1),呈现动态回复特征;热塑性变形流变行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Z参数描述;随着变形温度的提高,该合金的应变速率敏感指数值变化很小。     

某新型粉末高温合金的晶粒细化

运用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,对热等静压态的某新型粉末高温合金进行了形变温度在1120～1170℃和应变速率在2×10-3～2×10-1s-1下的热压缩实验研究。实验结果表明:热压缩过程发生了动态再结晶,形变温度和应变速率对动态再结晶细化晶粒有重要影响;在高应变速率、低于γ′相完全固溶温度下可获得动态再结晶细晶组织;在高于γ′相完全固溶温度下再结晶晶粒尺寸粗化;其动态再结晶晶粒平均尺寸与Zener-Hollomon参数呈双对数线性关系。     

TC4钛合金的热变形行为及其影响因素

利用Gleeble1500热模拟机测试了Ti6Al4V合金在不同温度和不同应变速率下的真应力真应变曲线,观察热变形前后的组织,分析变形温度、应变速率、原始组织和热处理工艺对合金的热变形行为的作用及影响规律。结果表明,在应变速率为8.3×10-3s条件下,合金在600℃热变形时软化机制以动态回复为主,800℃至900℃热变形时软化机制以动态再结晶为主;700℃热变形时动态回复和动态再结晶可同时发生。淬火和时效可提高合金的热变形抗力。合金在600℃变形时,热变形抗力对在8.3×10-2s-8.3×100s范围变化的应变速率敏感性较差;当应变速率降至8.3×10-3s-1时,热变形抗力有较大幅度的降低。在相同的变形条件情况下,魏氏组织的流变应力高于等轴组织。     

建筑Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金屋面板的热变形行为研究

在Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机上,对半连续铸造Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金棒坯进行变形温度350～500℃、应变速率0. 01～10 s-1的高温压缩试验,建立了高温热变形稳态流变方程,并对流变曲线进行了温升修正。结果表明,在相同应变速率下,变形温度的升高会使Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金更容易发生动态再结晶;在相同变形温度下,随着应变速率的增大,Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金中流线组织逐渐粗化,锯齿化程度增大,动态再结晶晶粒有所细化。进行了Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金的应力-应变本构方程建立与求解,得出了在变形温度350～500℃、应变速率0. 01～10 s-1时的高温变形稳态流变方程;高温压缩过程中由温升造成的计算应力与实测应力的误差在10%以内,高温热变形稳态流变方程能够较好的表征Al-Mn-Er-Zr合金的高温流变行为。     

FGH96合金动态再结晶行为的研究

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对FGH96合金在不同热变形制度下的动态再结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:在较高应变速率下(>2×10-3s-1),合金流变曲线呈明显的动态再结晶特征,低应变速率下(5×10-4s-1)呈现明显的动态回复特征;变形温度、应变速率和应变量对获得细晶组织都有重要的影响,但应变速率对动态再结晶晶粒大小影响最为显著,动态再结晶晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸大小-D与Z参数满足如下关系:ln-D=7.617-0.0134lnZ;利用加工硬化率和应变的关系曲线确定了该合金的稳态应变sε,建立了该合金的动态再结晶状态图。     

7136铝合金的热变形与动态再结晶行为

明确7136铝合金的热变形和动态再结晶行为对于制定合理的加工工艺参数具有重要意义。试验亦分析了7136铝合金试样在变形温度为350℃～470℃、应变速率为0. 01 s-1～10 s-1条件下的热变形与动态再结晶行为,建立了合金的流变应力模型,并通过挤压试验和数值模拟验证了流变应力本构方程的合理性。结果表明,7136铝合金在350℃条件下进行热加工发生动态再结晶,再结晶百分数随温度升高而增加,随应变速率增加而减少:应变速率为0. 01 s-1、变形温度由375℃上升到450℃时,再结晶百分数由6. 8%逐渐增加至8. 2%;变形温度为400℃、应变速率由0. 01 s-1提高至10 s-1时,再结晶百分数由7. 6%逐渐减少至4. 9%。所获得的本构方程用于挤压过程的数值模拟,稳态阶段模拟与实际载荷位移曲线误差不超过5%。7136铝合金热挤压过程应选择较低的挤压温度和较高的挤压速度,以降低其动态再结晶百分数。     

Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的高温变形及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500 热压缩模拟试验机进行压缩实验,在变形温度为1 100～1 250 ℃、应变速率为10-2～ 1 s-1的范围内,研究Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的高温变形行为,并基于动态材料模型,建立Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的加工图.结果表明:Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的高温变形流变应力对温度及应变速率敏感;流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小;动态再结晶是导致流变软化及稳态流变的主要原因;Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-Y合金的安全热加工区域为温度1 200～1 230 ℃,应变速率10-2～10-1 s-1.     

GH625合金的动态再结晶行为研究

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了GH625合金在变形温度为950～1150℃,应变速率为0.001～5s-1条件下的热变形特性,并用OM和TEM分析了变形条件对微观结构的影响。结果表明:当应变量很小时,该合金没有发生再结晶,直到应变量达到0.1时才开始有再结晶晶粒析出。随着变形温度的升高,再结晶晶粒尺寸增大,位错密度降低;当温度较低时显微结构中可以观察到孪晶。当变形温度一定时,随应变速率的增大,再结晶的形核率增大且晶粒变小,位错密度变大;而当应变速率较低时,再结晶进行得比较充分,晶粒尺寸较大。根据实测的应力-应变曲线,获得了该合金发生动态再结晶的临界应变εc和峰值应变εp与Z参数之间的关系:εc=2.0×10-3.Z0.12385,lnεp=-6.02285+0.12385lnZ。此外,还采用定量金相法计算出了合金的动态再结晶体积分数,并建立了该合金动态再结晶的动力学模型:Xd=1-exp[-0.5634(ε/εp-0.79)1.313]。     

近γ组织TiAl合金的超塑性

研究了近γ组织TiAl合金在温度为950℃～1075℃,应变速率为2×10-4s-1～8×10-5s-1的超塑性行为。结果表明,该合金在上述试验条件下表现出优越的超塑性,拉伸延伸率最高达到570%。在温度高于1000℃及应变速率不大于17×10-4s-1时,应变速率敏感指数均高于05,最大值接近08。该合金超塑性变形的表观激活能为302kJmol,超塑性变形机制被认为是晶内滑移协调晶界滑动。     

大晶粒Ni-45Al合金的超塑性

研究了原始晶粒尺寸为270 μm的Ni-45Al单相合金的高温变形行为.结果表明,该合金在1000—1100℃温区,1×10-4-2.5×10-2s-1的应变速率范围内呈现超塑性变形;在1075℃应变速率为2.5×10-4s-1时,最大延伸率可达245％,相应的应变速率敏感指数为0.3,表观激活能为320 kJ/mol.在超塑性变形过程中发生发生连续回复和再结晶,导致原始大晶粒组织经超塑性变形后的显著细化.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.