固溶及时效热处理对K465合金组织的影响

研究了K465合金热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,合金热处理后,枝晶干处的γ'相呈立方状、体积分数为62%,同时还析出了细小点状碳化物,铸态MC碳化物转变为M6C。高温时效热处理结果表明,合金经1 000℃/500 h和1 100℃/100 h后,析出富集W和Mo的针状和棒状二次析出相;1 000℃条件下,随着时间的延长,二次析出相的数量逐渐增多;温度的升高可促进二次相的析出。     

C含量对IC6合金微观组织的影响

利用带能谱的扫描电镜分析研究了三种C含量IC6合金的铸态组织及1260℃/10h固溶处理后的微观组织及微区成分,并利用X射线衍射仪分析了合金中的相结构.结果表明,三种不同C含量IC6合金的铸态组织主要由γ',γ,NiMo,a-Mo,M3B2及M6C相组成,NiMo,a-Mo,M3B2和M6C相呈骨架状或网络状分布于枝晶间.a-Mo,NiMo,M3B2相随C含量的增多明显减少,而M6C相明显增多,当合金中C含量达到0.20%(质量分数)时,a-Mo相基本消失.经1260℃/10h固溶处理后,三种C含量合金的微观组织发生明显变化,NiMo,a-Mo相消失,M3B2,M6C相由铸态的骨架状、网络状变为条块状.随C含量的提高M6C相明显增多,且在枝晶间连续分布.     

工艺状态对铸造Ni基高温合金K403显微组织的影响

研究了凝固冷速和热处理对铸造镍基高温合金K403显微组织的影响.结果表明,浇注温度为1460℃时,采用880℃填砂造型或950℃单壳浇注可细化合金中的γ'相.铸态的K403合金采用900℃/16h和980℃/5h时效处理能获得由细小M4C和M23C6碳化物组成的弯曲晶界.     

Re对一种新型镍基高温合金组织稳定性的影响

为了解Re对一种新型镍基高温合金组织稳定性的影响,采用扫描电镜观察了合金经长期时效后的样品微观组织,并利用透射电镜分析长期时效后析出的新相.实验结果表明,质量分数为1%～4%Re的合金经热处理后,组织由γ相、γ’相和碳化物MC、M23C6组成,当Re含量达到4%时,晶内析出了针状的M23C6.经长期时效后,随Re含量增加,合金中γ'相长大速率下降,合金的组织稳定性恶化,900℃超过1 000 h时效的含4%Re合金中出现针状σ相.因此,所研究合金中Re的含量应低于4%.     

一种含Re/Ru镍基单晶合金的蠕变行为及其机理

针对含Re/Ru单晶合金共晶组织中的高熔点元素和高推重比发动机材料的高承温能力等问题,研究了固溶温度和组织演化对其高温蠕变行为的影响。结果表明,在1328℃固溶处理的合金中仍存在粒状残余共晶,在1332℃固溶处理可将其消除,使合金在1100℃/140 MPa的蠕变寿命由321 h延长到476 h。在蠕变初期的合金中γ′相转变为N-型筏状组织,在蠕变后期位错剪切进入γ′相形成的位错锁,可抑制位错运动,使合金的蠕变抗力提高。但是高应变速率下位错的交替滑移使筏状γ′相扭折和形成亚晶,可降低合金的蠕变抗力,特别是筏状γ′相转变成“类块状”形态的逆向组织演化提高了应变速率,是合金高温蠕变较后期间的变形和损伤特征。其中,合金在1140℃寿命的大幅度降低,归因于γ′相的溶解使其尺寸减小和体积分数降低。     

Inconel 740H合金750℃长期时效后的组织稳定性

对Inconel 740H合金管材在750℃进行500~3000h的无应力时效实验,采用热力学模拟,OM,FEG-SEM,显微硬度测定等方法研究了合金微观组织及显微硬度的变化趋势。结果表明:供货态(固溶处理)管材的合金成分及拉伸性能等均满足ASME要求,管材合格;长期时效后合金的主要析出相为γ′及M23C6,无η,σ等有害相析出。随着时效时间的延长,γ′粒子的粗化速率较快,其规律符合LSW熟化理论,M23C6相尺寸变化不明显;合金的显微硬度呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,但整体波动较小。长期时效后合金组织及显微硬度的变化表明Inconel 740H在750℃/3000h条件下的组织稳定性较好,可用于进一步进行持久等长时力学性能的检验。     

铸造过热度和热处理对CoCrMo合金显微组织的影响

研究了CoCrMo合金普通壳型铸造工艺下过热度和高温固溶热处理对显微组织的影响。结果表明:CoCrMo合金在铸态下碳化物主要以大块状共晶状M23C6碳化物存在;随着过热度的增加,碳化物共晶团的尺寸增大,导致室温拉伸性能降低。CoCrMo合金经过高温固溶热处理后,大部分大块状共晶碳化物发生溶解和分解,以细小的颗粒状M23C6碳化物析出并均匀分布于基体,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率得到很大的提高。均匀细小分布的碳化物有利于提高CoCrMo合金的室温拉伸性能。     

GH925高温耐蚀合金升温相态转变行为及热处理工艺研究

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EMPA)等表征方法,对GH925合金的锻态相转变行为、固溶时效态热处理工艺性能及显微组织进行了研究。研究表明合金从室温25~1 100℃升温区间的相转变序列为:MC相(转变温度为540℃-终止析出温度为1 043℃,下同);γ′相(578~978℃);M23C6-M7C3(679~758℃);σ相(723.5~879℃);η相(807~978℃)。合金锻态组织经(990~1 010℃)×2h固溶+740℃-760℃×8h时效处理,可以获得最佳的综合力学性能。1 000℃×2h固溶+780℃×8h时效热处理,沿晶界有大量的脆硬针片状σ相析出,造成合金冲击韧性的急剧下降。     

Ru对一种高W镍基单晶合金蠕变性能的影响

设计并制备了4%W/无Ru、6%W/无Ru以及6%W/2%Ru三种镍基单晶高温合金,通过蠕变性能测试、组织形貌观察、元素分布测定以及XRD谱线测定,研究Ru对一种高W镍基单晶合金蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,提高W含量会促进拓扑密堆相(TCP)析出,从而影响蠕变寿命,6%W/无Ru合金在1070℃/137 MPa条件下的蠕变寿命仅为58 h。元素Ru可改善元素W在γ/γ两相的浓度分布,高温蠕变期间元素Ru可抑制元素W由γ相向γ相扩散。6%W/2%Ru合金经高温蠕变无TCP相析出,其在1070℃/137 MPa条件下的蠕变寿命高达383 h。三种合金在高温蠕变期间,γ相均可形成垂直于应力轴方向的筏状结构,TCP相可破坏筏状结构的连续性,导致γ/γ两相扭折程度加剧,是6%W/无Ru合金蠕变寿命较低的主要原因。     

热处理对Ni_3Al基单晶合金IC6SX组织和性能的影响EI北大核心

研究了热处理对Ni3Al基单晶合金IC6SX的微观组织和持久性能的影响。实验结果表明:IC6SX单晶合金的铸态组织具有典型的树枝晶结构,由γ′相、γ相和NiMo相组成。合金经过1280℃/10h,风冷固溶处理后,γ′相全部固溶,合金组织均匀,γ′相尺寸约为0.28μm。合金在1340℃固溶处理后发生了少量的初熔。对固溶后的合金进行了870℃/32h,空冷的时效处理,得到了尺寸约为0.5μm的立方状分布的γ′相。对不同状态的IC6SX单晶合金在1100℃/130MPa条件下进行持久性能测试,结果表明,经过时效处理后的合金具有最长的持久寿命,高达120h。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.