ADA脱硫液中微量铁的测定－2，2’－联吡啶分光光度法

本文研究了ＡＤＡ脱硫液中铁与２、２’－联吡啶形成红色络合物的条件及其测定方法。在ｐＨ４．５～６．０的Ｈａｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，Ｆｅ２＋与２、２’－联吡啶成稳定的红色络合物。铁在０～３×ｌ０－２ｍｇ／ｍｌ含量范围内符合郎白－比尔定律，摩尔吸光系数为１．０５×１０５１／ｍｏｌ·ｏｍ，ＡＤＡ脱硫液的空白吸光度为０．０２４，铁的最低检测浓度为６．５×１０－７ｍｇ／ｍｌ。铁的回收率在９６～９９％之间。     

石灰法处理磷化废水工程实践

介绍了用石灰法处理磷化废水的工程实践，在进水磷酸盐２７３～４８７ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｚｎ２＋２００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右时，处理出水磷酸盐：００２５～００８１ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｚｎ２＋：０３６～１１４ｍｇ／Ｌ，去除率分别为９９６％～９９９％和９３８４％～９７３１％     

喹禾灵在花生地中残留动态研究

本文主要研究喹禾灵在花生植株及土壤环境中的残留与降解动态，采用气相色谱法电子捕获检定器（ＥＣＤ）测定。仪器的最小检出量为１×１０￣（－１１）克，样品的最低检出浓度为０．００１毫克／千克。喹禾灵本体在花生叶、花生仁、土壤中的平均回收率分别为：８２．１～８３．３％、８２．９～８６．１％、８３．６～９２．３％，变异系数依次为２．７～８．７％、３．２～５．３％、０．８～６．２％；喹禾灵酸在花生仁和土壤中的平均回收率分别为８５．２～８８．４％、８１．７～８８．４％，变异系数依次为３．９～５．８％、６．７～７．８％。     

1,3—二氯丙烯水解反应动力学

本文研究了顺及反—１,３—二氯丙烯混合物水解反应过程的动力学。结果表明,利用１０％ＮａＯＨ水溶液,在６５～８０℃的条件下,顺及反—１,３—二氯丙烯的水解反应均为二级反应,顺、反异构体的表观活化能分别为８７５１ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ－１和１１３６０ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ－１,反应速率常数ｋ顺＝２６２×１０１０ｅｘｐ（－１０５２５６／Ｔ）,ｋ反＝１０９×１０１４ｅｘｐ（－１３６６３１／Ｔ）。     

HCl和FeCL2在阴离子交换膜中扩散速度的测定

本文依据Ｆｉｃｋ扩散定律提出了测定ＨＣｌ和ＦｅＣｌ２在阴离子交换膜中扩散速度的方法。测定结果显示,在１％～１０％ＨＣｌ、０％～２１％ＦｅＣｌ２和水温１４℃～１６℃条件下,Ｄ膜和Ｓ２０３膜ＨＣｌ平均扩散速度分别为８．４６×１０－３ｍ／ｈ和３．２６×１０－３ｍ／ｈ,ＦｅＣｌ２平均扩散速度分别为３．５×１０－４ｍ／ｈ和１．４×１０－４ｍ／ｈ,预示两膜都能实现废酸中ＨＣｌ与ＦｅＣｌ２的有效分离。用Ｓ２０３组装的扩散器分离废酸结果表明,盐酸回收率大于８３％,回收酸中Ｆｅ２＋小于３ｇ／Ｌ。     

化工综合污水处理试验研究

采用生物膜法处理化工综合污水,在进水ＣＯＲｃｒ为１８６－３２７ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为６．７－１０．２范围内,停留时间为３－５ｈ时,处理出水ＣＯＤｃｒ为４６－７７ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７．１－８．４,ＳＳ小于１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

顶空气相色谱法测定伊索拉啶中的乙醇残留量

本文用顶空气相色谱法测定了伊索拉啶中的乙醇含量，用ＧＤＸ－１０２色谱柱分离，ＦＩＤ检测。在０．１－２．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性良好，样品和标准品的相对标准偏关分别为３．６％和４．５％。     

蒸汽冷凝液中微量PO4^3—的测定

探索了用氯化亚锡还原光度法代替原用分光光度法测定锅沪蒸汽冷凝液中的微量ＰＯ４３－。实验最大吸收λ＝７００ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸收系数ε＝１．８×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，ＰＯ４３－含量在２．５×１０－５～６．０×１０－４ｍｇ／ｍｌ内服从比尔定律，测定回收率为９３％～１０６％，标准偏差３．９（ｎ＝７）。已应用于实际生产中，结果满意     

乳胶漆废水治理

乳胶漆废水的化学组成包括苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯、丙烯酸及其酯类、颜填料和乳化剂等，其化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）７０００～１５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ６～７，色度５１２～２０４８，δ＿ｓ８００～１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ。采用絮凝－加压气浮－煤渣黄砂吸附过滤方法处理乳液、乳胶漆废水。筛选了十余种絮凝剂，选用硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺。控制处理过程的ｐＨ８～９，絮凝剂用量为１０％硫酸铝１０～２０ｍｌ，０．２％聚丙烯酰胺６０～８０ｍｌ／１０００ｍｌ废水。处理后废水ＣＯＤ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，符合排放标准。     

新型高效水处理剂的合成及性能研究

以亚磷酸、丙烯酸、２ 丙烯酰氨基 ２ 甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ） 为原料,合成了含磺酸基的膦酰基羧酸共调聚物（ＰＯＣＡ） ,研究了它的阻垢分散及缓蚀性能,并与ＨＥＤＰ、ＨＰＭＡ、ＨＳ－ ３１２ 、ＰＢＴＣＡ 等水处理剂作了比较。结果表明,在加药质量浓度为２－５ ～２０ ｍｇ／Ｌ 时,ＰＯＣＡ 与以上４ 种药剂对ＣａＣＯ３ 沉积的最大抑制能力分别为９６ ％ ,７７－８ ％ ,８８－４ ％ ,６２－８ ％ ,９７－６ ％ ;对Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２ 沉积的最大抑制能力分别为９０－４ ％ ,２２－４ ％ ,３５－２ ％ ,８９－６ ％ ,３５－４ ％ ;对锌盐沉积的最大抑制能力分别为８８－２ ％ ,３５－２ ％ ,３３ ％ ,９０－４ ％ ,５４ ％ ;分散氧化铁时上清液的最小透光率分别为３９－８ ％ ,５２－１ ％ ,４２－３ ％ ,３０－７ ％ ,６１ ％ ;在加药质量浓度为５ ～４０ ｍｇ／Ｌ 时,对碳钢的最大缓蚀率分别为７０－６ ％ ,８７－７ ％ ,１０－４ ％ ,８－９ ％ ,７６－９ ％ 。ＰＯＣＡ的综合性能较好。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。