Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technologies for the Construction of Artificial Cells

Artificial cells are synthetic constructs that emulate natural cells, with potential applications in areas of energy science, environmental treatment, and the study of life's origins. Nevertheless, the construction of artificial cells is a formidable undertaking, given the intricate nature of natural cells in structures, functions, and working mechanisms. With precise control, high automation, and excellent uniformity, microfluidics has emerged as a promising approach for the construction of artificial cells. This review summarizes the latest microfluidic techniques utilized to construct artificial cells, ranging from simple droplets to sophisticated cell-inspired systems. These include the generation of droplets, the production of vesicles (lipid-based and polymer-based vesicles), the fabrication of polymeric microparticles with various compartments, shapes, and microstructures, as well as the manufacture of sophisticated cell-inspired systems. The characteristics of different methods for the construction of artificial cells are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the wide-ranging applications of artificial cells are also showcased. Finally, contemporary obstacles and forthcoming advancements are discussed in the field of microfluidic-based artificial cells. This review is supposed to stimulate research in the construction of more functional and natural-like artificial cells, as well as works in the fields of material, biology, environment, medicine, and energy.     

大数据环境下的网络安全分析

随着计算机技术和互联网技术的发展,数据正以指数速度迅速膨胀,海量的数据包括敏感数据、隐私数据等。大数据网络安全是一个综合性的课题,涉及技术、管理、使用等许多方面。本文介绍了大数据的国内外发展现状;分析了大数据的网络安全,包括物理安全、数据内容安全、数据传播安全、数据管理安全等;并讨论了大数据网络安全的防护措施,包括访问控制、数据加密、网络隔离、入侵检测、病毒防治、安全审计、数据备份、增强安全意识等;最后展望了大数据网络安全的情景。     

三网融合产业链重构与整合

三网融合产业链是由内容提供商、网络运营商、集成服务商、设备制造商、用户等构成的具有价值增值功能的企业联盟,产业链具有立体网状、竞争合作、开放多元、相互关联的特点,三网融合产业链要加强横向、纵向和混合多元整合,建立基于规模经济、范围经济和网络经济的可竞争性市场,促进三网融合稳步发展,提高信息化服务水平。     

新型二次雷达多媒体演示系统的开发制作

本文叙述新型二次雷达多媒体演示的开发制作过程，包括可行性分析、脚本的编写、多媒体素本的计算机采集以及多媒体应用程序设计。在多媒体应用程序设计阶段中详细讨论图象的装入和显示、声音的播放，动画制作、时钟的控制、多重窗体的设计、弹出式菜单的设计一串行通信的实现。     

铁路机车设备检修管理信息化系统的研究

随着国家轨道交通事业的迅速发展,铁路维修业务不断增多,铁路物资积累日趋丰富,鉴于自身发展的需求,文章提出在检修流程、任务派发、人员管理、物资使用、维修管理、物品存放、安全监测、循环利用等环节,都需要采用更加现代化的管理模式。通过对机车设备检修流程信息化的实现,进行检修产品全生命周期的管理,以及检修产品故障原因的总结和分析,提高检修管理和实施的效率,最终形成一个安全、稳定、高效、协同的精细化管理模式。     

最新一代系统节电器的综合介绍——G4 Speed Uni Saver

本文较全面地介绍系统节电器，包括生产，趋势，污染后果，浪涌型式，性能，特点，原理，应用场合，参数，各代区别，第四代的优点，装置方式，功率确定，动能区别，系统框图，使用结论等。     

Microwave brightness temperature prediction of plane targets by a neural network

Studies on microwave radiation of many targets, such as air, ocean, ice, snow, vegetation, rock, sand, and so on, lead to the radiometric models of the targets. The model uses one or more formulas to represent the radiation of one target. A neural network (NN) is introduced to represent the antenna temperature (AT) or brightness temperature (BT) of the seven types of plane targets: water, concrete road, asphalt road, loess, grassland, crushed stone, and vegetation. The same NN can simulate the relationship of AT (or BT) to observation angle, surface temperature, and polarization of the seven types of plane targets. The agreement between the prediction of NN and the measured AT (or inverted BT) shows that the same NN can give good prediction of the AT (or BT) of the seven types of plane targets.     

Trends in Automotive Communication Systems

The use of networks for communications between the electronic control units (ECU) of a vehicle in production cars dates from the beginning of the 1990s. The specific requirements of the different car domains have led to the development of a large number of automotive networks such as Local Interconnect Network, J1850, CAN, TTP/C, FlexRay, media-oriented system transport, IDB1394, etc. This paper first introduces the context of in-vehicle embedded systems and, in particular, the requirements imposed on the communication systems. Then, a comprehensive review of the most widely used automotive networks, as well as the emerging ones, is given. Next, the current efforts of the automotive industry on middleware technologies, which may be of great help in mastering the heterogeneity, are reviewed. Finally, we highlight future trends in the development of automotive communication systems.     

Clinical Applications of Pharmacokinetics and Adaptive Control

FOR the great majority of drugs, it is generally true that the more drug one takes per day, the greater is the total amount of drug in the body, the greater are the serum and tissue concentrations, the greater is the rate of excretion of the drug, and also the greater is the incidence of adverse reactions. In general, most of these things, except the incidence of adverse reactions, are linearly related to each other, and the kinetic behavior of these drugs can be regarded as that of linear pharmacokinetic systems. The "well-stirred tank" concepts found in introductory courses in calculus apply, and compartmental models of drug behavior are the ones commonly used. Many drugs have been studied in this way, including digitalis glycosides, aminoglycoside antibiotics, lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine, and theophylline, to name only a few.     

论MLDOE电子商务实践教学体系的构建与实施

电子商务是一门实践性很强的综合性应用学科，电子商务实践教学是电子商务理论与社会实践联系的桥梁，是实现专业培养目标的极其重要之手段。文章阐明了MLDOE（现代远程开放教育）电子商务培养目标，论述了电子商务实践教学体系设计原则，构建了一个基于网络的、开放的、多元化的，以“电子商务实践平台和企业信息化管理模拟平台”为核心，以专业实训、课程设计、毕业实践为重点，以“目标驱动、多元自主、虚实结合”为主要内容的专业实践教学体系，提出了实施措施。     

Future switching system requirements

The broadening of the bandwidth of the telecommunications network brings with it the need for faster higher-capacity switching systems. To meet this need, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching, optical switching, and other technologies are being pursued. The influence of this environment on networks is discussed from two aspects: the business administration aspect,which involves the issues of competition and cooperation, reduction in labor, and new services, and the technological aspect, which involves the issues of open and global networks and the fusion of telecommunications and information processing technologies. On that basis, there is clarification of what is required of the switching system in terms of architecture, connectivity, reliability, and security. The form of the expected switching system in terms of architecture, and the enhancement of call control, operations, and the user-network interface is described     

物联网技术及其应用

物联网作为信息技术的重要产物,对促进社会发展与产业建设有着重要作用。文中讨论了物联网技术在技术创新、社会产业等领域的应用,分析了物联网的关键技术,从RFID技术、传感器技术、智能技术、通信协议、网络拓扑结构、信道与频谱、多路径传输与信号质量、数据压缩与传输效率、安全认证与加密算法等进行分析,提出了物联网的应用趋势及建议。通过通用处理器建设共享计算平台,应用开源软件对信息进行数字化处理,进而建立应用架构及相关体系,为我国物联网技术的应用提供参考。     

Big Data: A Survey

In this paper, we review the background and state-of-the-art of big data. We first introduce the general background of big data and review related technologies, such as could computing, Internet of Things, data centers, and Hadoop. We then focus on the four phases of the value chain of big data, i.e., data generation, data acquisition, data storage, and data analysis. For each phase, we introduce the general background, discuss the technical challenges, and review the latest advances. We finally examine the several representative applications of big data, including enterprise management, Internet of Things, online social networks, medial applications, collective intelligence, and smart grid. These discussions aim to provide a comprehensive overview and big-picture to readers of this exciting area. This survey is concluded with a discussion of open problems and future directions.     

对木材自身耐久性因素的红外光谱学分析

为延长木材的耐久性,分析其自身因素和表达。选枣木、水曲柳和杨木,测量木材和木质素的碳含量、氮含量,分析碳与氮的含量之比值,测量木质素含量、木质素密度、溶于水的木质素密度、溶于苯醇溶液的萃取物含量和总萃取物密度,比较木材及木质素的红外光谱图,研究愈创木基与紫丁香基的比值。结果表明:耐久性最好的枣木的气干密度为0.93 g/cm3;其红外光谱图在波长为1 633 cm-1,在羰基(C=O)的伸缩振动下,存在波峰;愈创木基与紫丁香基的比值为0.975;氮含量为0.274%,其木质素的氮含量为0.444%,在三种木材中为最小;枣木和其木质素的碳与氮含量之比分别为180和135,木质素密度为184.39.7 mg/cm3,总萃取物密度为88.13.5 mg/cm3,和水曲柳、杨木的比较,均为最大。     

全景视频QoE评价研究进展

随着5G移动通信技术、高性能计算、传感技术的不断进步,全景视频受到了越来越多的关注。全景视频通过头戴显示设备,可以为用户提供远超于平面视频的逼真的立体视觉感知,具有良好的发展前景。为用户提供良好的体验质量（Quality of Experience,QoE）是视频服务提供商吸引和留住用户,在激烈的市场竞争中取得成功的关键。与平面视频相比,全景视频的数据量倍增,对视频数据的采集、编码、传输和存储均提出了更高的要求。因此,如何在网络传输带宽、存储资源有限的情况下,保证用户的QoE就成为工业界和学术界共同关注的研究热点问题。本文对全景视频QoE评价进行了综述,首先对全景视频在采集、拼接、投影、编码、传输、解码、反投影、渲染等各个环节可能存在的失真进行分析,总结归纳了用户QoE的各种影响因素,如人的因素、系统因素、情境上下文和视频内容特性等;在此基础上,从影响因素和建模方法等多个方面归纳了全景视频QoE评价模型的研究进展,及其在码率自适应、资源优化分配和码率控制等方面的应用情况;最后,介绍了具有代表性的全景视频QoE评价数据集以及常见的QoE模型性能评价准则,并探讨了QoE评价模型目前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。      

计算机信息管理技术在网络安全中的应用

在现代科学技术高速发展的背景下，网络信息化体系不断完善，这对于世界格局和发展有着重要的意义。应用信息技术后，将全面建设远程控制系统、物联网等，数据信息传输更加方便，工作效率和质量也会大幅提升。但目前网络信息传播存在很大的问题，尤其是性数据安全方面，如病毒侵袭、黑客攻击等，会导致计算机系统瘫痪，数据外泄，给用户造成巨大的损失，影响社会的稳定。文中从计算机信息管理方面出发，深入分析了网络安全的具体情况，并融合了计算机信息管理技术，希望能对网络安全管理产生积极的作用，推动社会的发展。     

大数据背景下机关事业单位档案管理信息化建设策略探索

对机关事业单位而言,档案管理工作是一项不可忽视的工作。一方面,其是对机关工作内容的全面记录与追踪,另一方面,其也是为人们提供服务的重要凭证。随着信息时代的到来,我国的档案管理能够充分发挥信息资源的作用,做好登记、分类、筛选、信息传递与共享等工作,从而使档案管理工作的内容更加精简,降低工作的难度,使之适应并促进机关事业的发展。文中论述了在大数据时代下,机关事业单位档案管理创新的有关内容,并从时代要求和技术优势入手,根据档案管理工作的实际,提出了创新管理的途径。     

Micromachined microsensors for manufacturing

The rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies in recent years has provided a high degree of spatial miniaturization and integration of electromechanical components, which enable integrated sensing and control in manufacturing. This article provides an overview of the state of the art of micromachined microsensors for the measurement of mechanical signals in the manufacturing industry for automobiles, manufacturing, medical equipment, environment, robotics, food, and other consumer products. Measurements of pressure, acceleration, and acoustic emission (AE) are the three physical quantities that are most encountered in industrial and manufacturing applications. Discussed are the major design parameters of such microsensors, such as dynamic range, sensitivity, resolution, and accuracy and provide a real-world application. Also discussed are the issues related to the spatial integration of signal processing, power supply, and wireless communication with the sensing elements, which are of direct relevance to the overall performance of the microsensors.     

新型惯性技术发展及在宇航领域的应用

载体运动信息动态精确测量技术是现代各类运载体导航、制导与控制的前提,惯性技术是在各种复杂环境条件下自主地建立运动载体的方位、姿态基准的唯一有效手段,因而是载体运动信息精确测量的基础。文中详细介绍了光学惯性仪表及系统、MEMS惯性仪表、原子惯性仪表、其他惯性仪表、微型定位导航授时技术和惯性执行结构等新型惯性技术的发展历程,在宇航应用中需要解决的主要技术问题,阐述了惯性技术在宇航领域的应用情况和未来的发展需求和趋势。