Al2O3/TiB2/Al复合材料的微观结构和高温力学性能

以细雾化铝粉和TiB₂颗粒为原料,通过粉末冶金和热轧制制备微米TiB₂和纳米Al₂O₃颗粒增强铝基复合材料。室温时,由于TiB₂和Al₂O₃的综合强化作用,Al₂O₃/TiB₂/Al复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为258.7 MPa和279.3 MPa,测试温度升至350℃时,TiB₂颗粒的增强效果显著减弱,原位纳米Al₂O₃颗粒与位错的交互作用使得复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到98.2MPa和122.5 MPa。经350℃退火1000 h后,由于纳米Al₂O₃对晶界的钉扎作用抑制晶粒长大,强度和硬度未发生显著的降低。     

Al2O3颗粒直径对1 vol%的Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法+热压工艺制备了不同Al₂O₃颗粒直径的1 vol%Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料，使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的显微组织，利用电子拉伸试验机测试了复合材料的力学性能。基于弹/塑性理论推导出了复合材料中颗粒周边的弹性区宽度的表达式。结果表明：Al₂O₃颗粒直径对Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料强度及基体晶粒尺寸有着较大的影响；Al₂O₃颗粒直径越大，Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度越小；当Al₂O₃颗粒直径为5μm时，Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为207和90 MPa,是铜试样的95.8%和95.7%。     

NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的组织与性能

采用离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂技术分别制备了NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃耐磨复合涂层,通过SEM、显微硬度计和万能材料测试机研究了粉体和涂层的显微结构、显微硬度和结合强度。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒表面包覆着一层致密的NiCoCrAlY合金,涂层与基体结合良好,超音速火焰喷涂涂层的孔隙率仅为等离子喷涂涂层的1/7。超音速火焰喷涂涂层的显微硬度和结合强度均高于等离子喷涂涂层。两种方法制备的涂层的破坏属脆性断裂机理。     

超音速激光沉积制备7075/Al2O3复合涂层的显微组织及性能研究

超音速激光沉积是将超音速冷喷涂和激光辐照加热有机结合的一种新型复合材料表面处理技术,具有可制备硬质金属复合涂层、沉积效率高等优点。本工作利用超音速激光沉积技术在7B04铝合金基体上制备硬质铝合金7075与陶瓷颗粒Al₂O₃的复合涂层,系统研究激光功率对涂层的沉积特性和力学性能的影响规律。采用场发射电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计等仪器,对涂层的显微组织、相成分和显微硬度进行表征分析,结果表明：随着激光功率的增加,涂层的厚度、致密度、沉积效率、硬度以及涂层中Al₂O₃颗粒的分散性和相对沉积效率逐渐增加。当激光功率为600 W时,涂层的沉积厚度达1543μm,孔隙率为0.05%,涂层中Al₂O₃粉末颗粒的相对沉积效率达到峰值65%,HV硬度达到1911 MPa。当激光功率提升至900 W时,涂层的厚度、沉积效率增速放缓,孔隙率显著增加,涂层发生氧化相变,Al₂O₃粉末的相...     

NbMoWTa-Al2O3固体润滑复合材料的宽温域摩擦磨损性能

通过高能球磨和放电等离子烧结方法制备了新型NbMoWTa难熔高熵合金基固体润滑复合材料。系统研究了纳米Al₂O₃作为固体润滑剂对NbMoWTa难熔高熵合金宽温域摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：纳米Al₂O₃颗粒在具有BCC结构的NbMoWTa难熔高熵合金基体相晶界和晶内均匀分散,强烈的弥散强化显著提升了NbMoWTa的显微硬度。纳米Al₂O₃颗粒在室温至800℃范围内降低摩擦因数和磨损方面有显著作用。室温下,由于复合材料的显微硬度显著提升,添加足量的纳米Al₂O₃实现了复合材料耐磨性的提升。在中高温下,复合材料表面形成的连续致密氧化摩擦层对提升摩擦学性能起着关键作用。纳米Al₂O₃颗粒协助氧化摩擦层承载更大的载荷,提高其致密性及稳定性,从而更有效地保护基体。此外,在800℃下纳米Al₂O₃颗粒的存在能够抑制MoO3的过度挥发。     

原位TiB2增强铝基复合材料的时效行为及性能演变

通过对比原位TiB₂颗粒增强铝基复合材料和基体合金的时效行为,研究了TiB₂颗粒对时效行为的影响以及颗粒促进时效沉淀的机制。此外,还研究了时效过程中TiB₂/Al-4.5Cu复合材料和基体合金的拉伸性能和硬度的变化。结果表明,TiB₂颗粒加速了复合材料的时效过程,同时TiB₂颗粒附近的高密度位错导致了Al₂Cu相的不均匀析出。相较于基体合金,TiB₂/Al-4.5Cu复合材料的峰时效时间由20 h缩短至8 h。复合材料力学性能随时效时间的变化可以分为2个阶段,这与Al₂Cu析出相的变化具有良好的一致性。复合材料的屈服强度比时效前提高了24%,比时效的基体合金提高了82%。     

Y2O3含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-Y2O3复合涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

目的 探究掺杂不同质量分数Y₂O₃对Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层微观结构及其力学性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备Al₂O₃涂层,以及Y₂O₃质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层。利用SEM、EDS对粉末以及不同涂层的形貌、组织结构、元素分布进行分析。使用XRD表征粉末和涂层的物相。使用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕测试仪和电子万能试验机对涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量以及断裂韧性等力学性能进行测试分析。结果 Al₂O₃喷涂粉末的物相由α-Al₂O₃组成,而喷涂得到的Al₂O₃涂层则由α-Al₂O     

不同基体对连续Al2O3f/Al复合材料纤维损伤的影响

采用真空气压浸渗法制备了增强体为Al₂O₃纤维,基体合金分别为1A99、ZL210A、ZL301及7075铝合金的连续Al₂O_3f/Al复合材料,并用NaOH溶液提取出Al₂O₃纤维,研究了不同基体对Al₂O_3f/Al复合材料纤维损伤的影响。结果表明,在同样的制备工艺下,不同的基体对Al₂O₃纤维的损伤程度不同。Al₂O₃纤维与纯铝及ZL210A基体界面反应程度微弱,纤维表面光滑,未发现界面反应产物,纤维剩余强度分别为1 746 MPa和1 658 MPa; Al₂O₃纤维与ZL301发生界面反应生成了MgAl₂O₄(镁铝尖晶石),纤维表面较为粗糙,剩余强度为1 584 MPa; Al₂O₃纤维与...     

不同Al2O3含量的Al2O3/Cu复合材料的热变形行为

为探究Al₂O₃含量对Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料热变形行为的影响，采用内氧化法制备了3种Al₂O₃含量(0.28、0.66和1.13 mass%)的Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料，通过热模拟实验对其热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明：在823、923和1223 K时，随着Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料中Al₂O₃含量的增加，复合材料的峰值应力逐渐增大；显微组织观察发现，由于1.13 Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料内动态软化积累程度最大，导致其在1023和1123 K下出现了峰值应力下降现象。经热挤压后，在热变形过程中Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料的软化效果以动态回复为主。同时，发现0.28 Al₂O₃/Cu和0.66 Al     

Al2O3/Cu多孔复合材料的微观形貌和压缩性能

采用高能球磨-粉末冶金法制备了Al₂O₃/Cu多孔复合材料(A-C-M)。首先利用高能球磨法将Cu粉和Al₂O₃粉末均匀细化，然后将Al₂O₃/Cu复合粉末与造孔剂尿素均匀混合后，再将混合粉末冷压成型，最后通过溶脱-烧结工艺制得A-C-M。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对粉末原料和A-C-M的微观形貌进行表征分析，使用万能试验机对A-C-M进行压缩性能测试，探讨了尿素和Al₂O₃含量对A-C-M性能的影响。结果表明：高能球磨使Al₂O₃/Cu复合粉末的形貌由球状变为片状，复合粉末尺寸先减小后增大，在球磨4 h时获得最小平均粒径为25μm; A-C-M含有两种特征孔，100～300μm的大孔和1～10μm的微孔；随尿素含量的增加，孔的连通程度及复合材料的孔隙率逐渐增加，其压缩强度逐渐降低；随Al₂O₃含量的增加，A...     

Enhancing High-Temperature Strength and Thermal Stability of Al_2O_3/Al Composites by High-Temperature Pre-treatment of Ultrafine Al Powders

Amorphous Al_2 O_3-reinforced Al composite(am-Al_2 O_3/Al) compacted from ultrafine Al powders for high-temperature usages confronts with drawbacks because crystallization of am-Al_2 O_3 at high temperatures will result in serious strength loss.Aiming at this unsolved problem,in this study,high-temperature Al materials with enhanced thermal stability were developed through introducing more thermally stable nano-sized particles via high-temperature pre-treatment of ultrafine A1 powders.It was found that the pre-treatment at ≤550℃ could introduce a few Al_2 O_3 in the Al matrix and increase the strength of the composites,but the strength was still below that of am-Al_2 O_3/Al because without being pinned firmly,grain boundaries(GBs) were softened at high temperature and intergranular fracture happened.When the pre-treatment was carried out at 600℃,nitridation and oxidation processes happened simultaneously,producing large numbers of intergranular(AlN+γ-Al_2 O_3) particles.GB sliding and intergranular fracture were suppressed;therefore,higher strength than that of am-Al_2 O_3/Al was realized.Furthermore,the(AIN+γ-Al_2 O_3)/Al exhibited more superior thermal stability compared to amAl_2 O_3/Al for annealing treatment at 580℃ for 8 h.Therefore,an effective way to fabricate high-temperature Al composite with enhanced thermal stability was developed in this study.     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of microalloyed and ceramic particulate reinforced NiAl-based alloys

NiAl-based alloys and their composites reinforced with in situ formed TiC and externally added ceramic particles are fabricated by hot-pressing. Their microstructures and mechanical properties are evaluated. Comparatively, the Ti- and/or C-alloyed NiAl and the ceramic particulate reinforced composites possess a significant improvement in both flexural strength fracture toughness at room temperature. Nevertheless, the NiAl–TiC-nano-Al₂O₃ composite has low strength, mainly due to the existence of residual porosity, inhomogeneous distribution and severe agglomeration of nano-scaled Al₂O₃ particle within the NiAl matrix.     

激光重熔对Al2O3-40% TiO2等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响

利用等离子喷涂方法制备Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂涂层,对涂层进行激光重熔处理.分别对等离子喷涂层和激光重熔涂层进行耐冲蚀磨损性能试验,研究了激光重熔对Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响.结果表明,激光重熔消除了Al₂O₃-40% TiO₂等离子喷涂层的层状结构,使得等离子喷涂层中γ-Al₂O₃转变为α-Al₂O₃,形成了α-Al₂O₃+TiAl₂O₅稳定结构.激光重熔后的涂层组织致密均匀、硬度高,具有冶金结合特征,使得耐冲蚀性能得到极大提高,其磨损特征为冲蚀粒子冲击作用下产生的裂纹、破碎与块状剥落.     

表面活化Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金真空钎焊

采用Al-Si钎料对经过Ag-Cu-Ti粉末活性金属化处理的Al₂O₃陶瓷与5005铝合金进行了真空钎焊,研究了钎焊接头的典型界面组织,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构特征及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头典型界面结构为5005铝合金/α-Al+θ-Al₂Cu+ξ-Ag₂Al/ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu+Al₃Ti/Ti₃Cu₃O/Al₂O₃陶瓷. 钎焊过程中,Al-Si钎料与活性元素Ti及铝合金母材发生冶金反应,实现对两侧母材的连接. 随着钎焊温度的升高,陶瓷侧Ti₃Cu₃O活化反应层的厚度逐渐变薄,溶解进钎缝中的Ag和Cu与Al反应加剧,生成ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu金属间化合物的数量增多,铝合金的晶间渗入明显;随钎焊温度的升高,接头抗剪强度先增加后降低,当钎焊温度为610 ℃时,接头强度最高达到15 MPa.     

Sintering of alumina-niobium carbide composite

Several studies have been focused on particulate-dispersed Al₂O₃ composites in order to improve both room and high temperature mechanical properties and wear resistance. In the present work Al₂O₃-NbC composites have been pressureless sintered and their microstructures analysed as a function of NbC and Y₂O₃ concentration, the latter added as sintering aid. The compositions used in this study were Al₂O₃-xNbC and (Al₂O₃ 3%Y₂O₃)-xNbC, (x = 10, 20 and 40 wt%) and the sintering was performed at 1650 °C/30 min and 1750 °C/15 min. A density greater than 96% of the theoretical density was reached even for those materials sintered at 1650 °C. The observed microstructure was more homogeneous for the samples with Y₂O₃ addition and the Y₃Al₅O₁₂ phase was detected. The Al₂O₃ grain growth restraining due to the NbC concentration was more pronouncedly in samples sintered at 1750 °C.     

Effect of starting powders size on the Al2O3–TiC composites

Al₂O₃–TiC composites with a content of 30 wt% TiC with various size of starting powders were manufactured by hot pressing. The Vickers hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness were studied. The experiment results show that the starting powder size has a significant effect on the properties of the Al₂O₃–TiC composites. The maximum bending strength of the submicron Al₂O₃ with the fine TiC powders addition is 712 MPa, while the maximum fracture toughness of the same Al₂O₃ matrix with the large TiC powders addition is 6.5 MPa m^1/2.     

Properties of copper matrix reinforced with various size and amount of Al2O3 particles

Copper matrix was reinforced with Al₂O₃ particles of different size and amount by internal oxidation and mechanical alloying accomplished using high-energy ball milling in air. The inert gas-atomised prealloyed copper powder containing 1 wt.% Al as well as a mixture of electrolytic copper powder and 3 wt.% commercial Al₂O₃ powder served as starting materials. Milling of Cu-1 wt.% Al prealloyed powder promoted formation of fine dispersed particles (1.9 wt.% Al₂O₃, approximately 100 nm in size) by internal oxidation. During milling of Cu-3 wt.% Al₂O₃ powder mixture the uniform distribution of commercial Al₂O₃ particles has been obtained. Following milling, powders were treated in hydrogen at 400 °C for 1 h in order to eliminate copper oxides formed at the surface during milling. Compaction was executed by hot-pressing. Compacts processed from 5 to 20 h-milled powders were additionally subjected to high-temperature exposure at 800 °C in order to examine their thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Compacts of Cu-1 wt.% Al prealloyed powders with finer Al₂O₃ particles and smaller grain size exhibited higher microhardness than compacts of Cu-3 wt.% Al₂O₃ powder mixture. This indicates that nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles act as a stronger reinforcing parameter of the copper matrix than micro-sized commercial Al₂O₃ particles. Improved thermal stability of Cu-1 wt.% Al compacts compared to Cu-3 wt.% Al₂O₃ compacts implies that nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles act more efficiently as barriers obstructing grain growth than micro-sized particles. Contrary, the lower electrical conductivity of Cu-1 wt.% Al compacts is the result of higher electron scatter caused by nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles.     

Fabrication of Bulk (Fe,Cr)_3Al/Al_2O_3 Intermetallic Matrix Nanocomposite Through Mechanical Alloying and Sintering

In the present study,(Fe,Cr)_3Al/20 vol% Al_2O_3 nanocomposite was prepared through mechanochemical reactions during ball milling and successfully bulked using a combination of cold isostatic press and sintering at 1400 ℃ for 1 h. Two processing approaches were utilized to produce(Fe,Cr)_3Al/Al_2O_3 nanocomposite: The first was milling of Fe, Cr,Al and Fe_2O_3, while the second one was milling of Fe, Cr, Al and Cr_2O_3, both in stoichiometric condition, to synthesize(Fe,Cr)_3Al/20 vol% Al_2O_3. Structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure and the morphology of powder particles and bulk samples were also studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Microstructural analysis showed that mechanochemical reactions took place during milling, and nanometric Al_2O_3 was uniformly distributed in the matrix. The results also showed that the second approach required a considerably higher milling time to produce(Fe,Cr)_3Al/Al_2O_3 nanocomposite, as compared to the first one. For this reason, bulk samples were produced from the synthesized nanocomposite in the first approach. The microstructure of the sintered samples consisted of a network structure of(Fe,Cr)_3Al and Al_2O_3 phases with superior mechanical properties.     

Effect of CuO Particle Size on the Microstructure Evolution of Al_2O_(3P)/Al Composites Prepared Via Displacement Reactions in the Al/CuO System

An Al2O3P/Al composite was successfully synthesized using a displacement reaction between 80 wt% Al and20 wt% Cu O powders at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. Two different sizes Cu O particles were used, and all the experiments were conducted under an argon atmosphere. To analyze the microstructural evolution during synthesis, the Al–20 wt%Cu O samples were heated to the temperatures selected according to the differential scanning calorimetry curve and then immediately quenched with water. The phase composites and microstructure of the water-quenching samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry.The results indicate that the Cu O particle size has a significant effect on the microstructural evolution of the samples during the heating stage and on the microstructure of synthesized composites. Smaller Cu O particles can decrease the reaction temperature, narrow the reaction temperature range at the different reaction stages during the heating stage and make the size and distribution of in situ Al2O3 particles more uniform. The reaction between Al and Cu O can be complete as the temperature rises to 900 °C. The size of the in situ Al2O3 particles is approximately 5 lm when the size of the Cu O particles is less than 6 lm. This sample has a relatively high Rockwell hardness of 60 HRB.