Delta工艺Inconel 718合金热变形条件下的流变行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机上对Delta工艺Inconel 718合金进行高温压缩实验,研究其高温压缩变形的流变应力行为。结果表明:δ相时效态Inconel 718合金在本实验条件下具有正的应变速率敏感性,流变应力随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的升高而减小,动态再结晶是合金重要的软化机制。δ相时效态Inconel 718合金的热变形激活能为497.407 kJ/mol,高温压缩峰值流变应力与变形温度和应变速率的关系可用双曲正弦函数表示。     

铸态C-276镍基高温合金的热变形行为及加工图

采用热压缩试验研究了铸态C-276镍基高温合金在950~1250℃和0.01~10 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为。结果表明:该合金的热变形流变应力随着变形温度的增加及应变速率的降低而减小;当变形条件为1250℃、0.1 s~(-1)时,合金在热压缩过程中发生了动态应变时效。基于流变应力数据建立了合金的热变形本构方程;基于动态材料模型建立了合金在不同应变下的热加工图。通过加工图和微观组织观察优化了合金的热变形参数。合金的表观激活能为497k J/mol铸态C-276合金适宜的热加工区域为1050~1250℃和应变速率0.1~1.0 s~(-1)。     

加工工艺对Cu-Cr-Zr合金热变形行为的影响

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上,对Cu-Cr-Zr合金进行了热模拟试验,研究了其真应力-应变曲线的变化规律。结果表明,合金的流变应力及峰值应力均随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小,说明该合金属于正应变速率敏感材料。在变形初始阶段,冷轧时效态合金的流变应力及应力增加速率大于时效态合金的。随着应变增大,时效态合金的流变应力大于冷轧时效态合金的。采用双曲正弦函数描述Cu-Cr-Zr合金的,求得其热变形激活能并建立该合金时效态和冷轧时效态的流变应力本构方程。     

Al-Er-Zr合金的热变形行为及动态析出（英文）

通过200～400℃温度范围内的热压缩实验对Al-0.04Er-0.08Zr的热变形行为进行了研究。通过实验得到的应力-应变曲线是利用Arrhenius-type方程线性拟合来分析的,合金的变形微观结构通过透射电镜进行观察。结果表明,不论是固溶态合金还是时效态合金在热压缩过程中其都是以动态回复为主要软化恢复机制。固溶态合金样品在高温以及低应变速率的热压缩条件下会发生快速时效析出,且动态析出会明显增加固溶态合金在热压缩过程中表面受到的流变应力,但并不能有效地提高变形合金的硬度。动态析出还会导致应力-应变曲线在运用Arrhenius-type方程线性拟合时出现一定的偏差。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Ag合金动态再结晶及组织演变

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si-0.15Ag合金在应变速率为0.01～5s-1、变形温度为600～800℃、最大变形程度为60%条件下的流变应力行为进行了研究.分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系.并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化.结果表明:热模拟实验中,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大.从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金高温热压缩变形时的应力指数n,应力参数α,结构因子A,热变形激活能Q和流变应力方程.合金动态再结晶的显微组织强烈受到变形温度的影响.     

热变形温度对7085铝合金组织和性能的影响

对7085铝合金进行温度范围为350～450℃的恒应变速率热压缩实验,模拟其工业等温锻造过程。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、力学性能测试、剥落腐蚀测试以及应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)测试技术研究热变形温度对7085铝合金锻件的显微组织、力学性能、剥落腐蚀性能以及应力腐蚀性能影响。研究结果表明:在350和400℃下变形的合金在热压缩与压缩后缓冷过程中未发生再结晶,而在420和450℃下变形的合金再结晶迹象明显;7085变形态合金经固溶与时效处理后,合金时效态的再结晶程度以及平均晶粒尺寸随变形温度的升高而增大;7085合金时效态的室温强度随变形温度升高而减小,塑性降低不显著;不同温度变形的7085合金的断裂模式均为韧性断裂;随着变形温度的升高,7085合金T6态的抗剥落腐蚀与抗应力腐蚀性能降低。     

挤压态ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为

为了研究挤压态ZK60镁合金的热变形行为,利用Gleebe-3500热模拟机在变形温度为523~723 K、应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)的条件下对挤压态ZK60合金进行了热压缩变形试验。通过真应力-真应变曲线分析了挤压态ZK60合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,通过引入Z参数建立了挤压态ZK60合金的流变应力本构方程,并观察了其在热压缩过程中的显微组织变化。结果表明:挤压态ZK60合金的真应力-真应变曲线属于动态再结晶型,并且合金的流变应力在高变形温度或低应变速率条件下较低。在变形温度降低或应变速率升高时,动态再结晶晶粒变小,但动态再结晶进行的不充分,再结晶晶粒分布不均匀。通过本构方程计算出挤压态ZK60镁合金的变形激活能Q=122.884 k J/mol,应力指数n=5.096。     

AZ80镁合金高温热变形流变应力研究

在Gleeble2000热模拟机上对铸态AZ80镁合金在应变速率为0.001～1s-1、变形温度为240～440℃条件下的热压缩变形行为进行了研究.结果表明:AZ80镁合金热压缩变形的流变应力受到变形温度和应变速率的显著影响,可以用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦函数形式进行描述.本实验条件下,AZ80镁合金热压缩变形时的应力指数n为5,其热变形激活能Q为183 kJ·mol-1,建立了流变应力的数学模型,其结果可为变形镁合金的塑性成形工艺的制订提供更为科学的依据.     

TB6合金热压缩流变应力行为

在变形温度700～860 ℃、应变速率0.001～1 s-1下,对TB6合金进行热压缩变形,以研究TB6合金的热压缩流变应力行为.研究温度、变形量、应变速率等因素对TB6热变形流变应力的影响,建立了TB6合金热变形流变应力的本构模型方程.结果表明:合金在热压缩过程中,流变应力随着应变的增大而增加,达到峰值应力后逐渐趋于平稳;应力峰值随着应变速率的增大而增大,随着温度的升高而呈减小趋势.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金高温热变形行为研究

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-Cr-Zr合金在变形温度为600~800℃、应变速率为0.01~5 s~(-1)和总压缩应变量约50%条件下的热变形行为进行了研究。利用光学显微镜观察Cu-Cr-Zr合金在不同变形温度、不同应变速率下的显微组织,分析其组织演变规律。结果表明:应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小;Cu-Cr-Zr合金在热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,且流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大;在应变温度为800℃时,合金热压缩变形流变应力出现了明显的峰值应力,表现为连续动态再结晶特征。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和流变应力方程。     

Deformation characteristic of semi-solid ZCuSn10 copper alloy during isothermal compression

The compression tests were carried out by Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator with samples of semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy prepared by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA) process. The original microstructure and the deformation temperature of semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy are different. The strain is 0.2, and the strain rate is 1 s~(-1) for the compression test. The results show that when the semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy was prepared by SIMA process, the liquid fraction of semi-solid microstructure increases, and the solid grain is smaller,more uniform and more inclined to be round as the rolling pre-deformation increasing. The results also indicate that the deformation resistance of ZCuSn10 alloy in semi-solid state decreases with the deformation temperature increasing or the solid fraction of original microstructure decreasing. The stress–strain curves of the isothermal compression can be divided into quasi-elastic deformation stage and plastic deformation stage, and there are three deformation zones in the samples after isothermal compression, namely the difficult deformation zone, the large deformation zone and the free deformation zone. In the three deformation zones, the main deformation mechanism is flow of liquid incorporating solid particles(FLS)mechanism, plastic deformation of solid particles(PDS)mechanism and liquid flow(LF) combining with FLS mechanism, respectively.     

X12合金钢高温流变应力行为及位错密度演变规律

为研究X12合金钢高温流变应力行为及其热变形过程中位错密度的演变规律,在温度为1050~1250℃、应变速率为0.005~5 s^-1、变形程度为50%的条件下,采用Gleeble-1500 D热模拟试验机对X12合金钢进行了热压缩实验,并采用XRD分析了该材料不同变形条件下位错密度。结果表明:X12合金钢在该实验温度及应变速率范围内有典型的动态再结晶特征。基于热压缩实验数据求出了X12合金钢的热变形激活能Qact为531.095 kJ/mol,并构建了X12合金钢的Arrhenius高温流变应力模型,模型计算值与试验值吻合情况良好,平均相对误差为2.52%。不同变形条件下的X12合金钢总位错密度均在1014 cm^-2以上,并且X12合金钢总的位错密度随应变速率增加而增加,随变形温度升高而减少。     

轧制态6082-T6铝合金的热压缩力学行为及微观组织分析

采用热模拟试验机对轧制态6082-T6铝合金进行热压缩试验,分析了合金在变形温度100~400 ℃,应变速率0.01 s^-1条件下的流变应力,对不同温度热变形的微观组织进行了表征。结果表明,轧制态6082铝合金的力学性能受变形温度和轧制方向的影响。变形过程中应力呈现负的温度敏感性,即随着变形温度升高,应力不断下降。合金表现出明显的力学性能各向异性,压缩强度在与轧制方向呈0°和90°较高,45°方向强度较低。经过热压缩变形后,与轧向呈不同方向的6082-T6铝合金的晶粒组织均沿着剪切力方向发生扭曲,同时,变形温度对晶粒组织的演变影响不大。随着变形温度的升高,合金基体内的位错密度明显下降,析出相发生粗化。     

7075铝合金热压缩变形流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对7075铝合金在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为进行了研究。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大;可用Zener-Hollomon参数的指数形式来描述7075铝合金高温压缩变莆时的流变应力行为。     

Research on flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al ahoy under hot compression deformation

The flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al alloy was studied by hot compression on a Gleeble- 1500 test machine. The experimental results indicated that the flow stress depends on the strain rate and the deformation temperature. The flow stress increases with an increase in strain rate at a given deformation temperature. The flow stress decreases with the deformation temperature increasing at a given strain rate. The relational expression among the flow stress, the swain rate, and the deformation temperature satisfies the Arrhenius equation. The deformation activation energy of 70Si30Al alloy during hot deformation is 866.27 kJ/mol from the Arrhenius equation.     

Research on flow stress of spray formed 70Si30Al alloy under hot compression deformation

1. Introduction New spray formed 70Si30Al alloy developed for electronic packaging application has excellent physical characteristics [1-5], which include low coefficiency of thermal expansion (6.8 × 10?6/K), high thermal conductivity (120 W/(m?K)), and low density (2.4 g/cm3), therefore, the exploitation and application of the alloy have an extensive prospect. To evaluate the deformation characteristics of spray formed 70Si30Al and to determine the appropriate hot deformation procedure of …     

AM80-xSr-yCa镁合金高温压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机对一种新型AM80-xSr-yCa镁合金进行高温压缩变形实验,研究其在温度300℃~450℃、应变速率0.01s-1~10s-1条件下的流变行为。高应变速率下,试样的变形热带来的温升不可忽略,对真应力-真应变的测量值进行相应修正后,求得了本构方程中的系列常量。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化,强烈影响着合金流变应力的大小,流变应力值随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而增大;金相组织观察表明,动态再结晶是该实验条件下晶粒细化和材料软化的主要机制,再结晶的程度主要受变形参数影响。变形温度越高,变形量越大,动态再结晶进行的越充分;应变速率越大,再结晶平均晶粒尺寸就越小。     

Al-20Cu-4.5Si-3Ni-0.25RE合金的高温流变本构方程

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上进行高温等温圆柱体压缩试验,研究Al-20Cu-4．5Si-3Ni-0.25RE合金在高温塑性变形过程中流变应力的变化规律。结果表明：应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响Al-20Cu-4．5Si-3Ni-0．25RE合金的流变应力,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大。可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述Al-20Cu-4．5Si-3Ni-0．25RE合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为。     

Deformation mechanism and forming properties of 6061Al alloys during compression in semi-solid state

The 6061 semi-solid aluminium alloy feedstocks prepared by near-liquidus casting were compressed in semi-solid state by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The relationship between the true stress and the true strain at different temperatures and strain rates was studied with the deformation degree of 70%. The microstructures during the deformation process were characterized. The deformation mechanism and thixo-forming properties of the semi-solid alloys were analyzed. The results show that the homogeneous and non-dendrite microstructures of semi-solid 6061Al alloy manufactured by near-liquidus casting technology could be transformed into semi-solid state with the microstructure suitable for thixo-forming which are composed of near-spherical grains and liquid phase with eutectic composition through reheating process. The deformation temperature and strain rate affect the peak stress significantly rather than steady flow stress. The resistance to deformation in semi-solid state decreases with the increase of the deformation temperature and decrease of the strain rate. At steady thixotropic deformation stage, the thixotropic property is uniform, and the main deformation mechanism is the rotating or sliding between the solid particles and the plastic deformation of the solid particles.     

Effect of aging and oxidation on strain hardening behaviour of a nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

Effect of aging and oxidation on strain hardening behaviour of a nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel has been investigated using room temperature tensile tests and TEM. The alloy in both oxidised and unoxidised conditions exhibits a transition in flow behaviour that can be described best by the Ludwigson flow relationship as evident from the lowest values of the sum of residual squares, χ ², of the fit. The transition in macroscopic flow behaviour with strain has been correlated to change in deformation mechanism from planar slip in the low strain regime (LSR) to deformation twinning and slip in the high strain regime (HSR) in solution treated (ST) condition of the alloy. However, the LSR of the alloy aged for longer times (>100 h) is characterized by the formation of dislocation tangles, while the HSR is marked by the formation of well-defined finer dislocation cell structure. This difference in deformation sub-structures in low and high strain regimes between ST and long term aged samples has been correlated to the change in stacking fault energy due to the precipitation of Cr₂N and σ-phases. Further, the alloy in ST condition exhibits the highest strain hardening rate, which then progressively decreases with aging time.