Likelihood of wind energy assisted hydrogen production in three selected stations of Fiji Islands

ABSTRACT

Majority of the people have been paid attention towards renewable and clean sources of energy like wind. Due to the uncertainties related to wind turbines, issues of energy storage are noteworthy. One of the aptest methods of energy storage is the production of hydrogen from the wind. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of wind energy assisted hydrogen production in three selected stations of Fiji Islands using various wind turbines. From the analysis of results and discussion, Vestas V110-2.0 provides acceptable capacity factors among all inspected wind turbines with the highest value of 77.06% for the station at Labasa. Additionally, the highest energy production was from the Vestas V110-2.0 wind turbine with an annual production of 13,501,620?kWh. The conversion system used in this study resulted in a linear relationship between generated wind energy and the amount of hydrogen produced. Therefore, the highest amount of yearly hydrogen production (240.19 ton-H) is related to the largest examined wind turbine, installed in the station at Labasa.     

Wind energy potential,development and current trends in India: a review

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day in the world. In a developing country such as India, the electricity demand is increasing at a terrifying rate as compared to the meagre supply. At present, the Indian power industry is mostly based on fossil fuel. Nowadays, wind energy has emerged as a renewable energy source which has a huge power generation capacity. India is one of the leading producers of wind energy but has the potential to generate even more energy through it. This paper presents a review of wind energy resources, its potential, development and current trends in India. A wind turbine can be easily set up as it takes less space as compared to other power stations and can be easily located at places such as deserts, remote areas, offshore, etc.     

The wind power potential of the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

The wind energy potential in the eastern Mediterranean region has been investigated using hourly wind data taken from seven stations during 1992-2001 periods by the Turkish Meteorological Service. The present work suggests that in the east Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey, wind energy sources are convenient for electricity generation. The mean power density was determined as 500 W/m² in many areas of this region at 25 m from the ground level. The most promising locations in terms of wind power generation are identified. The contours of constant wind speed and power potential could lead the private power developers to decide the locations of appropriate wind farms.     

Way forward in meeting energy challenges in Pakistan

In this review the energy potential of Pakistan from hydro, coal, wind, solar and nuclear sources has been discussed. The new projects that are being commissioned on coal, wind, solar, hydel and nuclear-based technologies have also been mentioned. The review has also explored the future prospects of the country’s energy requirements. Pakistan has potential to produce 100,000?MW of electricity from Thar coal for 20 years, 56,000?MW of hydroelectricity, 150,000?MW of wind energy and ～50,000?MW from solar sources. The coal-fired power generation is expected to 11,500?MW in period 2017–2019. The country is moving in the right direction to cater its energy needs. However, there is a need to find local and foreign investment in the country to meet high energy demands in the country in future.     

A preliminary study of wind–solar hybrid systems potential in Jammu and Kashmir

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the study of wind–solar hybrid systems in the region of Jammu and Kashmir. Due to scarcity of less renewable energy resources in the J&K region, National Institute of Wind Energy, Chennai had installed different wind monitoring stations to measure the wind data at different locations. The survey reveals that four districts (LEH, KARGIL, POONCH and REASI) are suitable for small wind–solar hybrid systems. BIDDA (REASI) and CHUSHUL (LEH) are the two sites for small wind farm development due to the highest wind speed (more than 7?m/s) and power density (more than 400?W/m²) at 100?m agl.     

Fuzzy logic energy management for a microgrid with storage battery

ABSTRACT

This article presents the development of an energy management system using fuzzy logic applied to a microgrid that combines photovoltaic solar energy, wind energy and a storage system with batteries. The model was developed using LabVIEW software and allows to obtain performance results of the photovoltaic generator, the wind turbine and the battery bank. The energy management system can be controlled in real time to take advantage of existing weather conditions. The results indicate that the fuzzy logic system guarantees the continuous operation of the load through the energy resources of the microgrid. The designed microgrid allows to generate 63,288?kWh/year of photovoltaic solar energy and 40,175?kWh/year of wind energy.     

Optimisation of solar and wind energy systems: a survey

In the last decade, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) for energy generation has increased. Because of their several technical and environmental benefits, solar and wind energy systems are the major RESs that are being increasingly employed for different aims. In solar and wind energy systems, there are a variety of optimisation problems which are non-linear and non-convex in nature. Study of the literature shows that among the meta-heuristic techniques, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) are highly used to solve different optimisation problems of solar and wind energy systems. The main goal of this paper is to review different applications of GA and PSO in solar and wind energy systems. This review will enable the researchers to study the present status of different solar and wind optimisation problems and plan for future investigations.     

Assessment of electricity generation by wind power in nine costal sites in Malaysia

In this article, the wind power potential in Malaysia is examined. Hourly wind speed data for nine sites in Malaysia are used to optimally design wind power systems for remote housing electrification. These nine sites are Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Kudat, Mersing, Sandakan, Tawau and Pulau Langkawi. The designed wind power systems are supposed to supply hourly load demand 6.13?kWh/day, 0.52?kW peak with 1% loss of load probability. The unit cost of the energy produced by each system is calculated and compared to the unit cost of the energy produced by a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power systems and a diesel generator power systems. The results show that the average unit cost of the energy produced by a wind power system in Malaysia is 1.6–7.29?USD/kWh while it is 0.35–0.5?USD/kWh and 0.27–0.30?USD/kWh for PV power system and diesel generator power system, respectively. Based on this, the use of wind power systems as standalone systems is not recommended for the selected sites.     

Dynamic overset 2D CFD numerical simulation of a small vertical axis wind turbine

ABSTRACT

The environmental friendly sources of power have been explored due to increased environment degradation. In this regard, wind energy may be a viable option. A renewed involvement in Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) was found. A wide variety of factors such as the cut-in, cut-out wind speed will decide the beneficence of VAWT as a function of energy production and reliability. In this research work, 2D computational fluid analysis of an aggregate small type of vertical axis wind turbine is performed using pecuniary codes of GAMBIT 2.3 and FLUENT 6.3. At starting, the simulation model and numerical method of small type of vertical axis wind turbine is presented in detail having classical NACA0018, NACA0021 and NACA0025 three-bladed rotor. The result shows that NACA0025 bladed rotor has the highest moment of 2.9195?Nm and power 43.7924?W at a tip speed ratio?=?6.     

风、光、柴电互补型通信基站塔桅结构的实践

将10kW级风力发电机安装在通信塔顶部,首次实现了通信塔与风力发电塔统一于一体,同时利用风能、太阳能为主要供给能源,利用柴油发电为辅助能源,有效地解决了边远地区通信基站供电问题,充分利用了清洁能源,节能环保.     

Potential of making—Over to sustainable buildings in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Two unique large buildings in the Kingdom of Bahrain were selected for make-over to sustainable buildings. These are the Almoayyed Tower (the first sky scraper) and the Bahrain International Circuit, BIC (The best world Formula 1 Circuit). The amount of electricity extracted from using renewable energy resource (solar and wind), integrated to the buildings—has been studied thoroughly.     

The influence of calculation error of hourly marine meteorological parameter on building energy consumption calculation

The ocean is a crucial area for future economic development. The marine environment has high energy-efficient and ecological requirements for building construction. Meteorological parameters are the key basis for the analysis and design of building energy efficiency. The lack of meteorological parameters for energy efficiency, particularly hourly data, under oceanic climatic conditions is a universal problem. The appropriate calculation methods of hourly meteorological parameters under oceanic climatic conditions are explored in this study. The impact of the calculation errors of the hourly meteorological parameters on building energy consumption is also analyzed. Three key meteorological parameters are selected: temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Five hourly calculations methods, including linear interpolation, cubic spline interpolation, pieceated three-Hermite interpolation, Akima interpolation, and radial basis function interpolation, are selected to calculate the error of the difference method, with Xiamen, Haikou, and Sanya as the locations of meteorological research. Appropriate interpolation methods are selected for the three parameters, and the seasonal and regional characteristics of the errors of each parameter are compared. Different interpolation methods should be selected for different meteorological parameters in different seasons. The error data of the three parameters of different magnitudes are constructed. A quantitative relationship between the sum of squares due to error of the three meteorological parameters and the rate of change of cooling energy consumption is established. The hourly calculation errors of meteorological parameters have an important impact on the calculation of dynamic energy consumption. The energy consumption differences caused by the errors of different parameters are significant. Obvious regional and seasonal differences also exist. This research strengthens the research foundation of building energy consumption calculation under oceanic climate conditions.     

可再生能源在绿色建筑中的复合应用技术

可再生能源技术是实现绿色建筑的可靠保障之一。然而单一的可再生能源由于其本身的缺陷,应用有其局限性。本文提出了可再生能源在暖通空调中复合应用的思想。着重介绍了三种可再生能源的复合利用形式:太阳能和自然风、土壤能和太阳能以及自然风和蒸发冷却技术的复合利用。     

中德生态园被动房技术体验中心项目节能技术应用

被动房技术体验中心工程是青岛地区首个高标准被动式超低能耗绿色建筑示范项目。该工程广泛应用节能低碳技术,通过对建筑周边环境中的阳光、地热、风力等自然环境的合理利用,建成后将达到一次能源消耗不超过15 kWh/(m~2·a)的节能建筑。     

Linear and nonlinear models in wind resource assessment and wind turbine micro-siting in complex terrain

The current trend of increasing the electricity production from wind energy has led to the installation of wind farms in areas of greater orographic complexity, raising doubts on the use of simple, linear, mathematical models of the fluid flow equations, so common in the wind energy engineering. The present study shows how conventional techniques, linear models and cup anemometers, can be combined with flow simulation by computational fluid dynamics techniques (nonlinear models) and measurements by sonic anemometers, and discuss their relative merits in the characterisation of the wind over a coastal region—a cliff over the sea. The computational fluid dynamic techniques were particularly useful, providing a global view of the wind flow over the cliff and enabling the identification of separated flow regions, clearly unsuitable for installation of wind turbines. These locations display a pulsating flow, with periods between 1 and 7 min, in agreement with sonic anemometer measurements, and both a turbulence intensity and a gust factor well above the wind turbine design conditions.     

Uncertainty in estimating renewable energy utilisation potential: a case of solar thermal power generation in India

Estimation of renewable energy utilisation potential is important for identification of niche areas and prioritisation amongst different options. However, large variation in the potential estimates has been observed in different studies for the same renewable energy technology. This study is an attempt to analyse such a variation in the estimated potential for solar thermal power generation in India. From the analysis of three studies, it is found that the values of input parameters and the assumptions made substantially affect the estimated potential. The estimates of the utilisation potential depend upon the categories of wastelands selected, the chosen values of threshold DNI and wind speed as well as the criteria used for allocating suitable wastelands between solar photo-voltaic (PV) and thermal power generation. It is therefore critically important that reported values of renewable energy utilisation potential be interpreted and used with full cognisance of assumptions made and input parameters used in estimation.     

Efficiency analysis of a solar photovoltaic array coupled with an electrolyser power unit: a case study

Hydrogen as an energy carrier is one of the most potential candidates for clean energy and can be produced by water electrolysis. The use of 10?kW photovoltaic arrays for supplying a 5?kW electrolyser which consists of 10 series-connected electrolyser stacks and a 28% alkaline (KOH) solution electrolyte has been investigated at the Taleghan renewable energies site in Iran. The hydrogen produced by the electrolyser provides energy for the 1?kW polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, which meets the load when the solar energy is insufficient. Variations of the solar radiation intensity, the hydrogen production rate, the solar hydrogen efficiency and the overall efficiency of the solar hydrogen energy unit were monitored in detail. The overall energy efficiency was found to range from 0.93% to 5.01%. The obtained results demonstrate the great potential of such a power system for producing and storing energy in a solar-belt country like Iran.     

Wind energy use in on-farm grain drying

Before the era of relatively cheap central-station electricity. wind turbines were in common use on US farms. particularly for pumping water. The dramatic increase in conventional energy prices, together with reduced supply reliability, has generated a new interest in on-farm wind systems in the United States. The US Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Energy (DOE) have been funding research directed toward wind energy applications in farm uses, including irrigation, food processing. space heating, apple cooling and storage. and crop drying. This analysis is based on USDAIDOE-sponsored research conducted in 1979–80, and also incorporates the results of some later research. On-farm grain dryers and their energy requirements are described, and the energy output and cost of selected small wind systems are estimated. Life cycle cost analyses are performed to determine economic feasibility.     

建筑节能工程施工监管浅析

随着国家经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,建筑功能已经从简单的"遮风避雨"向"舒适、节能、绿色、生态"方向转变。从建筑全寿命周期考虑,建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比例已经超过三分之一。怎样创造舒适的室内环境,同时又满足建筑节能的要求,这对于我国这样一个人口众多、人均资源较少的发展中国家来说,是事关重要的大事。因此,建筑节能是我国建设节约型社会的必然选择,建筑节能工程施工的监管则是将其落到实处的重中之重。