FD-TD法用于环形相控振子天线阵列的数字模拟

本文论述了FD-TD法用于电磁辐射系统的近场计算问题,用该方法实现了对环形相控振子天线阵列的数字模拟。作为对方法的检验首先计算了单个振子天线上的电流分布,还计算了环中充满去离子水时阵列的近区场及其与人体躯干块状模型的相互作用。     

一种减小相控阵天线球面近场测量截断误差的方法

在相控阵天线球面近场测量中,有限扫描面和相控阵天线波束扫描将会引起较大的截断误差.为了解决这一问题,提出利用基于遗传算法参数优化的余弦窗函数对近场数据进行加权处理的方法来有效减小截断误差.以半波振子组成的矩形平面阵作为待测天线,对相控阵天线球面近场测量进行了计算机模拟.模拟结果表明,通过对近场数据进行加余弦窗的处理并用遗传算法对参数进行优化能够大大减小相控阵天线波束扫描时的有限扫描面截断误差,从而证实了文中所提出方法的正确性和有效性.     

非对称单脊波导的FD-TD分析

本文针对一种新颖的相控天线阵辐射单元－非对称单脊波导共线缝隙阵,用ＦＤＴＤ方法对这种三维非均匀结构的特性进行了深入的研究。得出其场分布、波导波长及其作为基本辐射单元的辐射特性,给出了上述特性和波导非对称之间的关系曲线;所得的结果对宽角扫描的大型平面缝隙相控阵的设计有重要参考价值。     

以循环移位控制为基础的相控阵天线快速测量方法研究

为了解决相控阵天线快速测试问题,本文研究了一种相控阵天线测量的新方法。该方法中相控阵天线和测试探头均不动,利用相控阵天线中各移相器的移相状态可循环移位控制的特点和相控阵天线一些已知可信的信息,从而使测量具有极高的效率。文中对一相控阵天线模型采用该测量方法的测量全过程进行模拟,验证了该方法的正确性和高效性。     

FD-TD analysis of Vivaldi flared horn antennas and arrays

This paper summarizes a detailed computational study of Vivaldi flared horn antenna designs including single element, double element crossed-pair subarray elements, and linear arrays using the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method. FD-TD, which numerically solves Maxwell's time dependent curl equations, accounts for the complex geometrical and electrical characteristics associated with this antenna design and array implementation. Validations have been made relative to a moment method (MM) model of an electrically large linearly tapered slot antenna. Also, good correlation is shown to exist in the primary features of the antenna patterns between computed and measured data for all cases. This work has achieved a number firsts for the FD-TD methodology. It represents the first “exact” computational model of a single quad Vivaldi slot antenna; the first “exact” computational model of a phased array of Vivaldi quad elements; and the first FD-TD model to demonstrate grating lobes for a phased array antenna of any sort. Lastly, this research represents an extensive study of the largest grid-based antenna models conducted to date     

低成本有源相控阵天线研究

研究了有源相控阵天线的低成本设计思路和数字技术新方法。首先详细地分析了有源相控阵天线的系统构架和成本组成;然后从系统总体的角度,探讨了低成本数字阵列相控阵天线设计方法;最后提出了采用宽带宽角扫描的可重构设计技术来降低有源相控阵天线的成本。提出的有源相控阵天线低成本设计新方法具有很好的工程实用价值和科学意义。     

圆环相控阵天线瞬时带宽的分析与计算

相控阵天线需要足够的瞬时带宽以满足无线通信系统的性能要求.分析了限制圆环相控阵天线瞬时带宽的影响因素,主要包括频率变化引起的天线波束指向偏差和天线孔径渡越时间对瞬时带宽的限制.比较了圆环相控阵天线与线阵相控阵天线瞬时带宽的异同,并给出了圆环相控阵天线瞬时带宽的计算方法,为圆环相控阵天线的设计提供了理论指导.     

面向远场计算的波谱射线方法

根据天线远区场对口径波谱的局部依赖特性,引入有效近场的概念,提出一种面向远场计算的波谱射线方法,该法采用波谱射线抽取的方法计算有效近场,通过近场空域积分计算远场,适合于具有雷达罩,透镜等近区散射体的天线远场计算。文中以带罩连续口径及阵列天线的远场方向计算为例,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

耦合激励系数及对称振子阵列天线的有源方向图研究

为了深入探讨相控阵天线单元间的耦合对阵中单元方向图的影响,以阵列天线单元S参数为基础,给出了阵列天线单元的耦合激励系数计算公式,利用阵列天线单元间的耦合激励系数分析计算阵中单元的有源辐射方向图. 同时利用矩量法分析由偶极子单元组成的阵列,并把阵列中每个单元的感应电流幅度和相位与耦合激励系数的幅度和相位进行比较,二者数据基本一致. 矩量法计算的单元有源方向图与本文提出方法的计算结果吻合良好,验证了本文给出的阵列耦合激励系数及阵列天线阵中单元有源方向图计算方法的可靠性.     

A numerical solution for the near and far fields of an annular ring of magnetic current

A simple method for calculating the near and far zone fields from an annular ring of circumferentially directed magnetic current which may be used to represent coaxial apertures is presented. Near-field contours are given for two ring sizes. The utility of the method has been illustrated by its application in several practical antenna problems where the magnetic ring current serves as the primary source. Among these are the analysis of dipole antennas mounted on a conducting sphere or cylinder, the impedance of a coaxially fed Yagi-Uda antenna, a coaxially driven wire loop, and the radiation from a coaxial aperture at the base of a cone.     

有限元法与UTD结合计算机载天线方向图

为了计算机载天线的方向图,近区矢量场可以作为有限元法(FEM)与UTD(一致性几何绕射理论)的结合点,将二者结合以解决类似的工程问题.首先利用基于有限元法的软件HFSS计算相控阵天线的近区矢量场,然后将此结果作为UTD方法的源进一步计算以预测该相控阵天线的受扰特性.结果表明这种方法可有效用于分析机载相控阵天线的辐射特性.     

Microstrip Array with PBG Substrate

The phased array formed by microstrip antennas is analyzed using the full wave Transverse Transmission Line (TTL) method. For the microstrip patch resonator a set of equations that represents the electromagnetic fields in the x and z directions as function of the fields in the y direction are obtained applying the TTL method. The structure PBG (Photonic Band Gap) is analyzed using the homogenization theory, the objective is obtain the equivalent permittivity of structure. Numerical results of the radiation pattern for some phase excitation in a phased array are shown.     

基于近场测试的相控阵天线自动化校准 与阵面监测方法

相控阵天线装配好之后,由于各组成部件机械加工误差、装配误差、部件老化更换和环境温度改变等因素,各 单元通道的初始幅相产生差异,因此必须对天线的所有系统进行校准。本文针对小型化相控阵平台,通过硬连接将相控 阵天线的波控系统与测试设备相结合,提出一种简便的自动化近场逐点校准方法。同时,本文还提出一种简单的外监测 方法。当相控阵天线工作期间,可对阵面的幅相分布进行监测。可在相控阵天线工作期间,对近场幅相校准数据进行修 正,达到阵面自身校准的目的。经对一个16阵元的相控阵天线进行实验测量可知,该自动化校准与阵面自身校准方法可 以准确、快捷测试出天线阵面的幅相分布。非常适合一维、二维相控阵天线,尤其是小型化相控阵天线的幅相校准与监 测。     

基于FDTD的相控微带天线阵设计与分析

针对相控微带天线阵设计、分析过程的复杂性,提出了用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对微带天线阵进行建模,用仿真软件Emp ire获取数据,结合直线阵理论和传输线理论导出相应的公式,用M atlab进行数据处理的设计、分析方法。用该方法设计了一个七单元相控微带天线直线阵。优化设计后,分析了动态反射系数、方向图等。通过实例将该方法分析结果与仿真曲线进行了对比,其吻合程度验证了该方法的准确性。研究表明,这种方法有利于相控微带天线阵的快速设计。     

超宽带超低副瓣相控阵天线时域远场辐射特性研究

本文首先研究了天线时域辐射远场的基本原理,建立了计算公式.在此基础之上,分析了相控阵天线工作在窄脉冲条件下的时域辐射场,发现其时域方向性(如:时域远场峰值方向图、时域远场平均功率方向图)与频域方向性(频域远场方向图)并不一致,这种不一致性随着天线口径的增大或脉冲宽度的变窄而愈加明显,并且在天线注满时间之内表现得尤为突出.文章由此指出:对于超宽带超低副瓣相控阵天线来说,其性能用时域指标去衡量胜于用频域指标去衡量的新观点.     

Analysis of infinite arrays of substrate-supported metal stripantennas

An electric field integral equation method is applied to a metal strip antenna on an electrically thick dielectric substrate of finite size in a uniform infinite array environment. An efficient solution is found using the method of moments. Metal strip folded dipole antennas are analyzed both with and without a coplanar strip feed line, and the effects of the substrate and feed line are investigated. A technique for minimizing the effect of feed line scattering is presented, and arrays of these elements are shown to be capable of good scanning performance over a wide range of beam-steer angles. A phased array simulator experiment is described and the measured results show good agreement with those obtained by analysis. The class of antenna elements studied may be fabricated using monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology, and the analysis described illustrates the expected characteristics for millimeter-wavelength phased arrays of this type     

宽带相控阵天线延迟线分析

采用频率无关移相器的相控阵天线的波束指向会随频率发生变化,实时延迟线是提高宽带相控阵天线波束指向精度的重要方法。分析了子阵级采用延迟线,单元级使用移相器的宽带相控阵天线副辫特性,发现当工作频率改变时,由于阵列存在周期相位误差导致天线副瓣电平抬高。针对此问题,提出单元级精细延迟线方案,消除周期相位误差对天线副瓣的影响。仿真结果表明,这种方法在扩展相控阵天线带宽的同时,明显改善了天线的副瓣特性。     

A Novel Method to Analyze Electromagnetic Scattering of Complex Objects

The finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method is proposed as a means of accurately computing electromagnetic scattering by arbitrary-shaped extremely complex metal or dielectric objects excited by an external plane wave. In the proposed method, one first uses the FD-TD method to compute the near total fields within a rectangular volume which fully encloses the object. Then, an electromagnetic-field equivalence principle is invoked at a virtual surface of this rectangular volume to transform the tangential near scattered fields to the far field. To verify the feasibility of this method, the surface currents, near scattered fields, far scattered fields, and radar cross section of two canonical two-dimensional objects are presented. For these cases, it is shown that the FD-TD method provides magnitude of current and field predictions which are within ± 2.5 percent and further phase values within ± 30 of values predicted by the method of moments ( MOM) at virtually every point including in shadow regions.     

并行FDTD-UTD方法分析机载相控阵天线

利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)-UTD(一致性几何绕射理论)混和算法分析机载相控阵天线的辐射方向图.将复矢量场作为FDTD方法和UTD方法的接口,提出FDTD-UTD混和算法解决机载相控阵天线辐射问题.首先利用并行FDTD方法通过全波分析得到精确的相控阵的辐射复矢量场,然后将此结果作为源代入UTD算法来预测相控阵受机体的影响.结果表明该方法可以有效地解决机裁相控阵辐射分析问题.