星载气象雷达功放非线性对超低副瓣脉冲压缩信号的影响及消除

为在强海面回波影响下测量反射较弱的雨云.星载气象雷达要求脉冲压缩的主副瓣功率比高于60 dB.因此超低副瓣脉冲压缩成为星载气象雷达的核心技术之一.超低副瓣的实现对线性度要求很高.星载雷达为保证发射机的功率和效率,功放多工作于近饱和区,造成副瓣电平恶化.本文分析了功放非线性对超低副瓣脉冲压缩信号的影响,基于射频功率放大器、矢量信号发生仪和矢量信号分析仪实现了功放数字预失真算法,并利用松弛迭代法提高了迭代收敛速度.在保证星载气象雷达超低副瓣的前提下提高了发射机的功效.     

基于雷达多通道接收机的合成方法研究

在子带脉冲压缩方法的基础上,对多通道幅相误差对合成图像质量指标的影响进行了详细分析,发现子带脉冲压缩方法对通道间的不一致相位误差不敏感,幅度误差是造成图像的峰值旁瓣比和积分旁瓣比指标恶化的关键因素,因此需要对通道间的不一致幅度误差进行补偿.     

线性调频信号的一种新的频域脉压处理方法

线性调频波形由于多普勒性能突出，一直是一种在雷达中具有广泛应用的脉冲压缩波形，但是线性调频的距离旁瓣不够理想，强目标的旁瓣过高就有可能淹没弱目标的主瓣。该文根据线性调频信号的频谱结构，采用频域数字处理技术，提出了一种新的基于理想压缩脉冲的频域滤波器（SSF）设计方法，导出了可实现低的压缩脉冲距离旁瓣的条件。与其它方法相比，线性凋频信号由该文方法压缩后主副瓣比得到很大的提高，并且主瓣不会展宽，因此不影响距离分辨力。通过数学公式推导和计算机仿真表明，所提出的方法是正确的和可行的，而且步骤简单，运算量小，易于实现。     

基于RLS的脉压雷达数字旁瓣抑制滤波器设计方法

采用自适应滤波器设计中的递归最小二乘(RLS)方法,通过合理安排输入信号与期望信号的结构来设计脉冲压缩雷达数字旁瓣抑制滤波器,具有算法简单实用,适用广泛的特点,可用于线性调频、二相码和多相码等各种信号.在滤波器抽头有限的情况下,峰值旁瓣电平低于-40dB;积累旁瓣电平较同类其他方法低2dB以上;主瓣宽度仅为单位采样符号间隔.     

线性调频信号数字脉压滤波器优化设计

针对线性调频(LFM)信号的高脉压旁瓣问题,提出了一种基于二阶锥规化的数字脉压旁瓣抑制滤波器设计方法.该方法以期望的压缩脉冲波形主瓣为参考,对脉压旁瓣进行控制,将脉压滤波器的设计转化为二阶锥规化问题进行求解.与已有方法相比,所提方法可以兼顾峰值旁瓣、主瓣宽度、处理增益损失等指标,具有设计灵活的优点.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,与常用的频域加窗方法相比,该方法的旁瓣抑制效果得到了改善,在归一化多普勒频移为0.005时,脉压主副比仍在44 dB以上,并且脉压信号的相位与参考响应基本一致,较好地满足了现代雷达系统的要求.     

基于卡尔曼最小均方误差准则的雷达旁瓣抑制研究及仿真

针对在现代雷达系统中强目标掩盖弱小目标,且只能将距离旁瓣抑制到一定值的问题,提出一种改进的卡尔曼-最小均方误差准则(K-MMSE)算法. 该方法将卡尔曼滤波与最小均方误差准则相融合,是一种有效抑制距离旁瓣的自适应脉冲压缩系统.仿真实验中,将提出的K-MMSE方法与传统匹配滤波、经过最小均方误差(MMSE)准则的匹配滤波算法进行单目标与多目标情况下的旁瓣抑制比较后发现,前者较后两者旁瓣水平及其点扩散函数(PSF)的峰值旁瓣比(PSLR)和积分旁瓣比(ISLR)均明显下降.仿真结果表明,该方法无论在单目标还是多目标情况下都能较传统的滤波算法更好地抑制旁瓣距离,有效地提取弱小目标信号.     

双蝶形高速脉冲压缩的FPGA实现

在对脉冲压缩原理分析的基础上提出了适应于FPGA实现的结构,采用了数据全并行基4双蝶形单元计算结构,极大地提高了蝶形运算的并行度,从而提高了脉冲压缩的速度.设计了合理的数据流程,以较小代价实现了和差两路数据的脉冲压缩.根据二相码的特点采用了奇偶点分开并行脉冲压缩方法保证了脉压的效果和速度.在系统时钟100 MHz时,完成4 K点的脉冲压缩只需67 μs.     

基于神经网络的双基地雷达脉冲压缩方法

本文在二相码连续波（CW）双基地雷达的数字脉冲压缩原理的基础上，研究了径向基函数（RBF）网络在脉冲压缩中的应用，采用长度为15位的最佳二进制序列进行仿真，结果表明使用训练的径向基函数网络能大大提高输出信号的主旁瓣比，比相关处理法有更强的自相关性能（即最小峰值副瓣），从而获得更好的压缩效果。     

SAR系统收发通道幅相误差实时校正

分辨率是衡量合成孔径雷达系统性能的重要指标，由于系统收发通道带内幅相误差的存在会造成回波信号失真，相应的脉冲压缩效果也随之恶化，继而影响SAR成像的距离向分辨率。为对其进行实时校正，提出用相关加窗法提取误差，并用复切比雪夫逼近法设计复系数FIR滤波器的方案。结果显示，校正后的脉冲压缩效果得到改善，且校正效果与FIR阶数有关。最后得出校正后的峰值旁瓣比和积分旁瓣比会随着滤波器阶数增加而降低，并趋于稳定的结论。     

I/Q幅度和相位不平衡对脉冲压缩的影响及其矫正方法

就脉冲压缩雷达中接收机I/Q输出相位不平衡对脉冲压缩的影响以及矫正方法进行了研究,并提出了进行矫正的方法。研究表明,I/Q相位不平衡将引起旁瓣电平升高,主瓣宽度增加。当I/Q幅度相对误差在±15%以内,相位相对误差在±3°以内时,对脉冲压缩的影响可以忽略。但如果幅度相对误差达到±25%以上,相位相对误差在±10°时,对脉冲压缩的影响不能忽略,必须进行相位矫正处理。矫正方法的核心思想就是将经过幅度和相位不平衡矫正后的I/Q信号考虑进参考函数中。模拟表明,经过矫正处理后,对脉冲压缩的改善非常显著,从而可以对I/Q解调的硬件设 计降低要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.