二氧化氯催化氧化处理染料废水技术的研究

本文研究了二氧化氯化学氧化和二氧化氯催化氧化处理染料废水。实验结果表明单用二氧化氯化学氧化处理酸性大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为6~8,氧化剂经济用量为1000mg ClO2/L废水,反应时间为60min,COD去除率可达50%左右,氧化指数(COD削减量ClO2投加量)=2.3。当二氧化氯催化氧化酸性大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为2左右,氧化剂经济用量为800mg ClO2/L废水,反应时间为45~60min,COD去除率可达80%以上,氧化指数=3.5,去除每公斤COD氧化剂费用为3.7元人民币,并且废水的可生化性有很大的提高,效果明显优于二氧化氯化学氧化。     

Mg-Al CLDHs/H2O2体系降解结晶紫染料废水的研究

以Mg-Al CLDHs (Calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide)和H2O2组成的类芬顿体系催化降解结晶紫(Crystal violet,CV)染料废水.考察了pH值、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、染料起始浓度、反应温度、反应时间等因素的影响,并对Mg-Al CLDHs催化剂的再生能力进行了测试.结果表明:对浓度为40 mg/L的结晶紫溶液,当Mg-AlCLDHs用量为0.005 g,H2O2用量为1 mL,pH为7.0,降解温度为35℃,反应时间为15 min,结晶紫脱色率98％以上,催化剂再生性良好.动力学研究表明该反应符合一级动力学模型,35℃时速率常数为0.28 min-1,表观活化能为46.03 kJ·mol-1.     

C4A3(S)分解反应动力学研究

以CaCO3,Al2O3,CaSO4·2H2O为原料制备无水硫铝酸钙(C4A3(S))单矿物,借助X射线衍射和扫描电镜等测试手段研究了C4A3(S)矿物的分解动力学.研究结果表明:C4A3(S)矿物分解反应属于界面化学反应动力学范围,满足化学反应动力学方程:F(α)=ln(1-α)=-Kt ,C4A3(S)矿物分解的化学活化能为449.78 kJ·mol-1.     

二氧化氯和亚氯酸根离子的用途、化学性质和对健康的影响的综述(上)

1　简介二氧化氯是一种水溶性氧化剂 ,目前美国有 50 0多家水处理厂使用。它所具有的许多重要性质使其成为一种很好的消毒剂。二氧化氯能迅速杀死细菌和病毒 ,它不与酚类反应生成有害的化合物 ,并且能降低或消除使用氯气易形成的致诱变和癌变的三卤甲烷。二氧化氯是一个稳定的自由基单体 ,室温下以气体的形式存在 ,易溶于水。在处理水时 ,二氧化氯加到水中以后 ,主要是被还原后生成亚氯酸根离子 (Cl O2 -)和氯离子 (Cl-) ,少部分也可形成氯酸根离子。二氧化氯能与水反应生成亚氯酸 (HCl O2 )和氯酸 (HCl O3 )。2 Cl O2 H2 O HCl O2 …     

磁性钛硅催化剂催化环己酮氨肟化传递-反应研究

磁性钛硅分子筛是具有原子经济特征和磁回收功能新型绿色催化剂。通过研究磁性钛硅分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化制备环己酮肟过程,考察了环己酮、H2O2和NH3·H2O的初始浓度和搅拌雷诺数对氨肟化过程的影响。在消除内扩散和外扩散的条件下,确定了环己酮氨肟化的动力学方程,反应指前因子为5.89×1012(mol-0.87·L0.87)·min-1,反应活化能为101.3kJ·mol-1,环己酮、H2O2和NH3·H2O的反应级数分别为0.65、0.16和1.06,对反应速率计算值和实验值进行了比较,平均相对误差为6.86%。     

催化动力学法测定痕量钴

应用Fe(Ⅲ)—S2O32-—1,10-二氮菲催化动力学体系测定痕量钴,它是基于Co(Ⅱ)催化Fe(Ⅲ)氧化S2O32-反应。该法灵敏度高,检出限4.87×10-10g·mL-1,测定范围为0～0.72μg·mL-1,重现性好,用于测定煤中痕量钴,得到满意结果。     

过硫酸钾-二硫四氧酸钠引发丙烯酰胺聚合反应的研究

对过硫酸钾 -二硫四氧酸钠氧化还原引发体系引发的丙烯酰胺水溶液聚合的动力学行为进行了研究。得到的聚合速率方程 :Rp =Kp[K2 S2 O8] 0 .48[Na2 S2 O4] 0 .49[AM] 0 .97并用 Arrhenius经验公式计算得到聚合反应的活化能 Ea-47k J/mol,阐明了该聚合为氧化还原反应历程。同时 ,还讨论了添加 EDTA、氨水以及改变 p H值对聚合速率的影响。     

二氧化氯分析的研究进展

二氧化氯作为新一代杀菌消毒剂,在水处理中获得越来越广泛的应用。在应用中,二氧化氯会产生 分解及歧化反应,产生副产物如Cl2、ClO-、ClO2-、ClO3-。ClO2及其副产物的残余量要控制在1.0mg/L以下,所以 需要对残余ClO2及这些副产物进行分析,本文对二氧化氯现有的分析方法进行了讨论。     

顺酐气相加氢制备γ-丁内酯的动力学研究

在等温积分固定床反应器上,采用正交实验设计方法,在220～250℃、顺酐(MA)液体空速0.2～0.7 h-1、H2/MA摩尔比150～300条件范围内,在Cu-Zn-Al为催化剂上对顺酐加氢生成γ-丁内酯反应动力学进行了研究,得到的动力学方程为:r=2.57×1014×exp(-1.32×102/RT)×CMA,该反应的活化能为Ea=132kJ·mol-1.     

DMAEMA/SAMPS反相乳液聚合动力学

用过硫酸铵为引发剂 ,失水山梨醇酐单油酸酯 (Span-80 )为乳化剂 ,研究了甲基丙烯酸 -N、N-二甲胺基乙酯 (DMAEMA) /2 -丙烯酰胺基 -2 -甲基丙磺酸钠 (SAMPS)反相乳液聚合的聚合反应动力学。得到的动力学方程为 Rp∝ [Span-80 ] -0 .6 8[(NH4) 2 ] S2 O8] 0 .46 [SAMPS] 0 .6 0 [DMAEMA] 1 .1 2。聚合反应起始阶段和自动加速阶段的活化能分别为 5 3.6 8KJ· mol-1 和 32 .2 9KJ· mol-1 。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。