常压等离子体射流改善羊毛织物服用性能的研究

针对羊毛纤维表面的鳞片层影响其服用性能的缺点,选用常压等离子体射流对羊毛织物进行等离子处理,测试了处理前后织物的吸湿性能、力学性能、厚度、透气性能和微观形貌,并对比了不同运行速度对织物吸湿性能、力学性能、厚度、透气性能的影响。结果表明:经等离子处理后,羊毛织物的吸湿性能得到了很大的改善,力学性能增强,透气性变好,且运行速度越慢,效果越明显。经SEM观察发现羊毛的外观形态并没有太大的改变,因此织物的手感并未发生变化。     

间隔织物及等离子体处理对其功能特性的影响

对多种间隔织物的透气性、热传导性及低应力下的力学性能等进行了定量研究。测试了等离子体处理前后间隔织物的厚度、质量、耐磨性、水蒸气渗透性、芯吸性及浸润性等。研究表明:透气性、热传导性和吸湿性能与间隔纱线的类型和排列密切相关,等离子体处理时间也会影响间隔织物的性能。分析得知:等离子体处理对间隔织物的透气性、热传导性和力学性能影响显著。     

新型细旦尼龙与弹力尼龙织物风格比较研究

利用KES织物风格测试仪、YG811型织物悬垂仪、YG4861D数字型织物透气量仪及凸形试样法测定了几种弹力尼龙织物和细旦尼龙织物的手感风格、形态风格、透气性及折皱弹性,进而对两类织物风格进行了对比分析。结果表明细旦尼龙织物手感均比较柔软滑爽,光泽柔和,悬垂性好,保暖性好,比较舒适,适合做冬季羽绒服面料、滑雪衫面料、服装里料等,如经特殊处理还可做防水面料、过滤材料等,用途较为广泛。     

高压水流整理对织物透气性和刚度的影响

利用高压水流对涤棉细布和纯棉中平布实施喷射 ,测试织物处理后的透气性和刚度 ,并与原织物进行了比较。实验表明 ,处理后织物的透气性有较大下降 ,刚度的增加十分明显。     

表面处理对亚麻织物/PVC复合材料界面性能的影响

为了改善亚麻织物增强复合材料的界面性能,利用柠檬酸三丁酯对亚麻织物表面进行处理,探讨亚麻织物表面处理对亚麻织物/PVC复合材料的界面性能和力学性能的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、万能强力拉伸仪、声传感器等对亚麻织物/PVC复合材料的表面和断面形貌、界面的剥离强度、拉伸强度、声发射特性等进行了观察和测试。结果表明：采用柠檬酸三丁酯对亚麻织物进行表面预处理后,PVC树脂与亚麻织物间的界面相容性大大提高,界面的剥离强度也有明显提高,有效改善了亚麻织物/PVC复合材料界面性能,并使复合材料的拉伸强度有了提高。     

碱减量和等离子体处理对涤纶织物的影响

对涤纶织物分别进行碱减量和等离子体处理,采用红外光谱仪和扫描电镜分析了涤纶织物表面形态和结构,探讨了碱减量和等离子体处理对涤纶织物性能的影响。结果表明,碱减量和等离子体处理后涤纶纤维表面出现凹槽;经碱减量处理后的涤纶织物的抗静电性、透气性、吸湿性得以改善,但断裂强力大大降低;经等离子体处理的涤纶织物抗静电性、吸湿性以及透气性提高。     

仿丝绸处理对涤纶织物悬垂性的影响

对纯涤纶织物的仿丝绸处理,已是一种常见的工业处理方式,此方法可以使得涤纶织物在悬垂性和手感上更加接近于天然丝绸的质感。为了深入探究仿丝绸处理对织物悬垂性能的提升效果,选取了五种涤纶织物在不同的条件下进行处理,采用YG811型织物悬垂仪来测试织物的悬垂系数,并利用FAST织物风格仪测试其主要力学性能指标。试验结果表明:仿丝绸处理条件和织物的结构参数对处理后织物的悬垂性有重大影响;同一织物经仿丝绸处理后,其悬垂系数与减量率呈负相关关系,与剪切刚度、弯曲刚度有明显的线性关系。     

三维涂层织物预制件的结构设计与性能研究

为了研制出符合人们需求的楼宇绿化模块式容器,选用PVC包涤纶长丝纱为经纬纱,采用角联编织组织为基础组织,设计织造出多层织物,并按预先设计的三维结构延展成型为三维织物预制件。对柔性聚氨酯树脂进行涂层处理,对比分析了涂层处理前后织物预制件的力学性能、透气性、透湿性及保温性。试验结果表明,对织物预制件进行聚氨酯树脂涂层处理可显著提高预制件的力学性能,且对预制件的透气性、透湿性及保温性并未产生显著影响。     

丝素蛋白溶液涂层及其在涤纶织物改性中的应用研究

利用蚕丝纤维制备丝素蛋白溶液并对涤纶织物进行涂层处理，然后采用高温乙醇对织物进行后整理以提高丝素涂层牢度。整理后织物表面形态发生改变，呈现出真丝织物的特性。研究结果表明，丝素蛋白溶液涂层处理后织物的厚度基本不变，吸湿性、透气性等服用性能大幅提高，仿真丝效果优良。此外，在丝素蛋白溶液涂层处理过程中添加天竺葵精油，可赋予织物更多的功能。     

再生丝素纤维非织造织物的孔隙结构与性能

采用静电纺丝的方法制备了再生丝素纤维非织造织物，用压汞仪测定和分析了织物内部孔隙的大小及其分布特征；研究了织物的面密度对其透气性、透湿性以及力学性能的影响，同时探讨了力学性能的方向性。结果表明：静电纺再生丝素纤维非织造织物的平均孔径为2-4μm，具有很高的比表面积；随着面密度的增加，织物的透气性下降，透湿性没有显著的变化；尽管该产品的力学性能受面密度的影响，但在同一试样上其断裂强度和断裂伸长率却是各向同性的。     

壳聚糖季铵盐在桑蚕丝织物抗菌整理中的应用

基于壳聚糖季铵盐良好的抑菌性和水溶性,将2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵与壳聚糖合成了壳聚糖季铵盐。采用最小抑菌浓度法测定和比较了壳聚糖及壳聚糖季铵盐的抗菌性,并将其用于桑蚕丝织物的抗菌整理,采用振荡烧瓶法对处理前后的丝织物进行抗菌性测试。结果表明: 壳聚糖及其季铵盐对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有显著的抑菌性,且壳聚糖季铵盐的抑菌效果优于壳聚糖;经壳聚糖及其季铵盐处理后,桑蚕丝织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率均明显提高,且壳聚糖季铵盐的抑菌效果更好。     

微波处理对丝针织物抗起毛起球性能的影响

抗起毛起球是丝针织物重要的服用性能之一,寻找物理方法来改善丝针织物的起毛起球性能,仍然是一个巨大的挑战。采用微波技术对丝针织物进行了处理,通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外、X射线衍射仪对丝针织物的形貌结构进行多维度分析的基础上,探讨了微波处理对丝针织物力学性能、透湿透气性能、抗起毛起球性能的影响。结果表明,短时间微波处理有利于丝针织物结构的调整,织物结晶度、顶破强力以及耐磨性小幅提高,织物的透湿、透气性也增加;较长时间微波处理,丝针织物力学性能及透湿、透气性降低,利用合适的微波处理工艺,在织物其他服用性能基本不变或有所改善的前提下,可以改善丝针织物的抗起毛起球性能。     

Optimization and surface modification of silk fabric using DBD air plasma for improving wicking properties

It is necessary to study the suitable effect of plasma parameters, such as exposure time and applied voltage on the wicking properties of silk fabrics. Wicking property of silk fabric has been improved by using air dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. The plasma treatment has been utilized to modify the surface properties of silk fabrics. Untreated and plasma-treated fabrics have been characterized by contact angle Goniometer, wicking test, Wet-out time, scanning electron microscope, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transforms Infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR) and dye uptake test. The ATR-FTIR characterization shows that the hydroxyl functional group has been increased after plasma treatment of silk fabric. The experimental results of wicking rate and Wet-out time of the plasma-treated silk fabrics have shown significant improvement in hydrophilic properties that could be confirmed by contact angle measurement which is close to 0°. The tensile strength of untreated and plasma-treated fabrics has been measured to confirm the enhanced surface property.     

Comparative analysis of the effect of ozone treatment on the properties of mulberry and tassar silk fabrics

The effect of ozone treatment on the properties of raw and degummed mulberry and tassar silk fabrics has recently been studied, and the investigation of results has been published. The variables, namely, wet pickup, pH and treatment time used in the treatment have shown a significant effect on properties such as the yellowness index, breaking strength, breaking elongation, amino group content, weight and flexural rigidity of the silk fabrics. In addition to this study, a comparative analysis has been made to find the difference in properties of ozone‐treated raw and degummed mulberry and tassar silk fabrics, for conditions that showed a significant effect on the properties, and these are presented in this paper. The results show that ozone treatment has a pronounced effect on the properties of mulberry raw and tassar raw silk fabrics compared with mulberry degummed and tassar degummed silk fabrics.     

桑椹色素对真丝织物的染色性能研究

对从桑椹中提取的色素在蚕丝织物上的染色性能和染色牢度进行了分析、对比，确定了先媒后染和先染后媒的染色工艺条件．并且对染色后织物的抗紫外性进行了测试，实验结果表明：经桑椹色素染色的织物具有优良的抗紫外性能．     

秦皮提取物对真丝织物抗紫外线的影响

为得到秦皮提取液对染色真丝织物的抗紫外线性能,采用水浸法对中药秦皮进行浸提,将浸提液直接用于真丝织物的染色,并分别采用酸性固色剂DM-2539G、无醛固色剂DM-2518对染色后织物进行固色处理,通过测试样品抗紫外线性能,优化出秦皮提取物对染色真丝织物的最优染色工艺为:染色温度80℃,染色时间60min,染浴pH4.对两种不同固色剂的固色工艺进行优化,并对固色后的织物耐洗性进行测试,结果表明固色后织物具有耐久的抗紫外线性能.     

A Study of the Mechanical Properties of Woven Silk Fabrics. Part III: A Study of the Extensibility of Continuous-filament Woven Silk Fabrics in the Small-load Region

Continuous–filament woven silk fabrics have a very low tensile modulus in the small-load region compared with woven fabrics of other fibres having a similar structure. In the silk fabrics, there may exist a small gap between the warp and weft threads at their crossover points because of the sericin-removing treatment that is applied after weaving. The tensile behaviour of a fabric with such a gap is considered to consist of two stages. In the first stage, the bent yarn alone is stretched in the initial state of tensile deformation without any mechanical interactions between the warp and weft threads. Since the bending rigidity of silk yarns is small and the gap is relatively large, the tensile modulus of silk fabrics becomes very low in the initial tensile region. After the contact of the warp and weft threads, the soft lateral-compressional property of the silk threads leads to extensibility of the silk fabric. This stage is called here the second stage, in which the tensile and the lateral-compressional deformation properties are mainly concerned with the tensile behaviour of the fabric in this region. Silk–fibroin fibre has a small fibre crimp, and this crimp also makes the silk yarn compressible. In this paper, the extensibility of silk fabrics is analysed, with a theoretical estimation of the extensibility, and an experiment to explain the reason for the high extensibility of silk fabrics is reported.     

A Study of the Mechanical Properties of Woven Silk Fabrics. Part II: Analysis of the Shearing Properties of Woven Silk Fabrics

The gap between the warp and weft threads at their crossover points in woven silk fabrics is responsible for the very low values of shear stiffness and hysteresis of shear force in these fabrics. The existence of this gap is proved by using shear–deformation theory and making experiments on silk fabric. A quantitative determination of the gap is obtained by using strip–biaxial–extension experiments and measuring the retardation strain. The gap observed for woven silk fabrics is 6–7 μm. Since microscopical observation of the cross–section of silk fabrics does not show the gap, the gap measured by mechanical methods is called an “effective gap”. The gap has a strong effect on the mechanical properties of silk fabrics, especially their shear properties. It also emphasizes the good handle of silk fabrics.     

A Study of the Mechanical Properties of Woven Silk Fabrics. Part I: Fabric Mechanical Properties and Handle Characterizing Woven Silk Fabrics

In order to investigate the soft handle of woven silk fabrics, their basic tensile, bending, shearing, compressional, and surface properties were measured on the KESF system. Fabric shear, compressional, and tensile properties distinguish continuous-filament silk fabrics from fabrics of other fibres. Shear stiffness and hysteresis in shear force are very small, and these fabrics are very deformable in their compressional and tensile properties at small strain levels.

High values of FUKURAMI are a characteristic of continuous-filament woven silk fabrics.     

Fabric Objective Measurement: A Comparative Study of Fabric Characteristics

The general characteristics of eight fabric groups as measured by the KES-F system are described. These fabric groups are divided by fibre content, fabric construction and special finishing treatment. Using silk fabric as a reference, caustic-reduced polyester fabrics exhibit strong silk-like characteristics except in their surface properties. Liquid ammonia-treated cotton fabrics also possess a certain silky hand. Micro-fibre fabrics are soft and smooth, but they do not have the high Kishimi hand which is typical of silk fabrics. Fabric construction has some influence on fabric stiffness, but not on hysteresis. Polyester-lining fabrics have high bending stiffness and polyester/cotton fabrics have very high shear stiffness and hysteresis. These two groups of fabrics are the least silk-like. Shear properties and bending hysteresis appear to be the most important factors affecting the hand of the fabrics studied.