BER performance analysis of an OFDM-based visible light communication system using DHT post-coding

The theoretical analysis of the bit error rate (BER) performance in a discrete Hartley transform (DHT) post-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) visible light communication (VLC) system over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is presented. The theoretical analysis results show that the proposed DHT post-coding scheme does not degrade the BER performance of the post-coded OFDM VLC systems. The analysis result is confirmed by our simulation results for random bit source. In addition, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the DHT post-coded OFDM is evaluated by simulation. The simulation results show that DHT post-coding can greatly reduce of the PAPR of the optical OFDM system.     

Gaussian orthogonal matrix transform approach for PAPR reduction of optical OFDM signals

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) has been widely adopted as a high-speed data transmission technique in visible light communication systems. This technique usually suffers from high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, a new PAPR reduction technique is proposed for O-OFDM signals. At the transmitter, a matrix transformation with the Gaussian elements is applied to the time-domain O-OFDM signal and at the receiver, the inverse matrix is used to recover the original signal. We show that the Gaussian orthogonal matrices can reconstruct the original signals without degrading the bit error rate (BER) performance. Gram-Schmidt technique is used to orthogonalize the Gaussian matrices. Computer simulations are conducted for 16-QAM baseband modulated symbols and about 3 dB PAPR reduction gain is achieved by the proposed approach compared with conventional O-OFDM.     

DFT-spread combined with clipping method to reduce the PAPR in VLC-OFDM system

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive technique to realize high data rate in light emitting diodes (LEDs)-based visible light communication (VLC). However, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM makes VLC-OFDM very sensitive to the nonlinearity of LEDs. In this paper, the discrete Fourier transform-spread (DFT-spread) combined with clipping method is proposed to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signal in VLC system. Combining simulation with experiment, a performance comparison is made among conventional OFDM, DFT-spread-OFDM, and clipped DFT-spread-OFDM with different clipping ratios (CRs) in a single LED-based VLC system. The experimental results show that the proposed clipped DFT-spread-OFDM method can effectively improve the system performance compared with the other two methods. At the optimum signal peak-to-peak (PTP) value, by using the clipped DFT-spread-OFDM scheme with CR at 8 dB, the bit error rate (BER) of the system can be reduced from 0.003 7 to 0.000 287. E-mail:dengrui189@126.com      

A hybrid algorithm for reducing PAPR of CO-OFDM system based on fast Hadamard transformation cascading SLM

In this paper, a hybrid technique using fast Hadamard transformation cascading a selective mapping (FHT-SLM) is proposed to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and complexity in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system. The Hadamard transform is used to reduce the autocorrelation of signals so as to reduce the PAPR of signals. The fast Hadamard transform (FHT) algorithm is obtained by recursive decomposition of sparse matrix of a simple Hadamard matrix, which improves the computational efficiency and greatly reduces the computational complexity. Then, a selective mapping (SLM) scheme is used to select the smallest frame of PAPR in the time domain to further reduce PAPR of OFDM system. The simulation results show that at the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of , the PAPR of the proposed scheme FHT-SLM (V=8) is optimized to 7.63 dB. Meanwhile, when the bit error rate (BER) is 10-3, the optical signals to noise ratio (OSNR) of FHT-SLM (V=8) algorithm is 21.2 dB. The total computational cost of the FHT-SLM (V=8) is 28 672. Consequently, the simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm provides a choice for a balance among PAPR, BER and complexity.     

A novel improved SLM scheme of the PAPR reduction technology in CO-OFDM systems

The higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping (SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probability of high PAPR, but it has higher computational complexity, and requires additional bandwidth to transmit the side information, which will affect the transmission efficiency of the system. In response to these shortcomings, a novel improved SLM (NI-SLM) scheme with low complexity and without side information is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can exponentially reduce the computational complexity, and the bit error rate (BER) performance can greatly approach the original signal. What’s more, it shows the better PAPR reduction performance.     

A post-coding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in intensity modulated optical OFDM systems

An efficient post-coding strategy is proposed in this letter to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） signals for optical intensity modulated direct detection （IM/DD） systems. The post-coding scheme based on discrete cgsine transform （DCT） is employed after the inverse fast Fourier transform （IFFT） in the transmitter to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals. This method is different from the conventional pre-coding scheme which is employed before IFFT operation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the new DCT post-coding strategy can significantly reduce the PAPR than the conventional pre-coding scheme. Meantime, the bit error rate （BER） performance of the proposed post-coding system can be improved compared with the conventional pre-coding scheme.     

Improved ACE and ICF low complexity joint algorithm to reduce PAPR of CO-OFDM system

Active constellation expansion (ACE) and iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) are simple and effective techniques for reducing the peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems, but effective PAPR suppression requires a lot of iterations. To overcome this shortcoming, a joint algorithm based on improved active constellation expansion (IACE) and ICF (IACE-ICF) is proposed. The simulation results show that at the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of 10-4, the PAPR of IACE-ICF (G=4, iter=4) algorithm is optimized by 1.507 dB, 1.13 dB and 0.204 dB compared with that of the IACE, ICF (iter=4) and ICF-IACE (G=4, iter=4) algorithms, respectively. Meanwhile, when the bit error rate (BER) is 10-3, the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of the proposed scheme is optimized by 2.04 dB, 1.75 dB and 1.4 dB compared with that of clipping, ICF (iter=4) and ICF-IACE (G=4, iter=4) algorithms, respectively. On the other hand, the proposed scheme can reduce the number of complex multiplications by 14.29% and complex additions by 28.57% compared with the ICF (iter=14) scheme.     

Low Complexity Discrete Hartley Transform Precoded OFDM System over Frequency‐Selective Fading Channel

Orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) suffers from spectral nulls of frequency‐selective fading channels. Linear precoded (LP‐) OFDM is an effective method that guarantees symbol detectability by spreading the frequency‐domain symbols over the whole spectrum. This paper proposes a computationally efficient and low‐cost implementation for discrete Hartley transform (DHT) precoded OFDM systems. Compared to conventional DHT‐OFDM systems, at the transmitter, both the DHT and the inverse discrete Fourier transform are replaced by a one‐level butterfly structure that involves only one addition per symbol to generate the time‐domain DHT‐OFDM signal. At the receiver, only the DHT is required to recover the distorted signal with a single‐tap equalizer in contrast to both the DHT and the DFT in the conventional DHT‐OFDM. Theoretical analysis of DHT‐OFDM with linear equalizers is presented and confirmed by numerical simulation. It is shown that the proposed DHT‐OFDM system achieves similar performance when compared to other LP‐OFDMs but exhibits a lower implementation complexity and peak‐to‐average power ratio.     

Analysis of different sub-carrier allocation of M-ary QAM-OFDM downlink in RoF system

In this paper, the performance of a 60 GHz radio over fiber (RoF) system with 4/16/64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downstream signals is studied. Delivery of 10 Gbit/s M-ary QAM (MQAM) OFDM signals through the 20-km-long single-mode fiber (SMF) is complicated in terms of intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). Using self-homodyne method, the beating of two independent light waves generating the millimeter-wave at the photodetector can be down-converted to baseband in the electrical domain. Meanwhile, three kinds of sub-carrier arrangement schemes are compared and discussed, and the simulation results show that lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be obtained adopting the adjacent scheme. At bit error rate (BER) of 10-3, the receiver sensitivity using 4QAM-OFDM sub-carrier signal is almost enhanced by 4 dB and 9 dB compared with those of 16QAM-OFDM signal and 64QAM-OFDM signal.     

PAPR reduction in CO-OFDM systems using IPTS and modified clipping and filtering

Aiming at the problem of the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM), a hybrid PAPR reduction technique of the CO-OFDM system by combining iterative partial transmit sequence (IPTS) scheme with modified clipping and filtering (MCF) is proposed. The simulation results show that at the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of 10^-4, the PAPR of proposed scheme is optimized by 1.86 dB and 2.13 dB compared with those of IPTS and CF schemes, respectively. Meanwhile, when the bit error rate (BER) is 10^-3, the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) are optimized by 1.57 dB and 0.66 dB compared with those of CF and IPTS-CF schemes, respectively.     

Experimental evaluation of the BER performance in optical OFDM system based on discrete Hartley transform precoding

We experimentally assess the bit error rate （BER） performance of an intensity modulation/direct detection （IM/DD） optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system based on discrete Hartley transform （DHT） precoding in single-mode fiber （SMF） link for 2.5 Gbit/s quadrature phase shift keying （QPSK） OFDM symbol rate. The experimental results show that for the optical OFDM system based on DHT-precoding, the receiver sensitivity at the BER of 10-4 after 100 km SMF transmission is about 1.5 dBm better than that of the original QPSK OFDM signal, and the DHT-precoded OFDM QPSK signal can achieve approximately 1.3 dB of peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） reduction.     

Image transmission in an OFDM VLC system using symbol scrambling and chaotic Walsh-Hadamard precoding

Abstract- An image secure transmission scheme combining symbol scrambling and chaotic Wahsh-Hardmard precoding is proposed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based visible light communication (VLC) system. In the proposed scheme, a two-dimensional (2D) logistic-sine-coupling map (LSCM) is employed to generate two chaotic sequences. One is used to scramble the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols, and the other is used to scramble the rows of standard Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT). The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can not only reduce the peak-average-power ratio (PAPR) but also achieve the image secure transmission over OFDM-based VLC systems.     

A full-duplex optical access system with hybrid 64/16/ 4QAM-OFDM downlink

A full-duplex optical passive access scheme is proposed and verified by simulation, in which hybrid 64/16/4-quadrature amplitude modulation (64/16/4QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) optical signal is for downstream transmission and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal is for upstream transmission. In view of the transmitting and receiving process for downlink optical signal, in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) modulation based on Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and homodyne coherent detection technology are employed, respectively. The simulation results show that the bit error ratio (BER) less than hardware decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold is successfully obtained over transmission path with 20-km-long standard single mode fiber (SSMF) for hybrid downlink modulation OFDM optical signal. In addition, by dividing the system bandwidth into several sub-channels consisting of some continuous subcarriers, it is convenient for users to select different channels depending on requirements of communication.     

基于级联变系数训练序列和预增强技术的直接检测光OFDM系统实验研究

分析了直接检测光OFDM(DDO-OFDM)传输系统中由数模转换器和光纤链路中的光纤色散所致的OFDM信号高频衰减现象,以及经光纤传输后在光电检测时存在的子载波间互拍干扰现象。提出使用级联变系数训练序列和预增强结构的光OFDM(O-OFDM)信号来降低传输系统所受到的影响。理论分析和实验验证表明,级联变系数训练序列和预增强结构的基带OFDM信号在DDO-OFDM传输系统中,接收灵敏度比常规的交叉型训练序列结构的OFDM信号要高。说明基于级联变系数训练序列和预增强结构的O-OFDM信号的传输性能在抵抗子载波间互拍干扰(SSMI)和频率选择性衰减(FF)方面要优于常规的交叉型训练序列结构的O-OFDM信号。     

光正交频分复用通信的原理、关键技术及其应用

光正交频分复用技术是一种将电域正交频分复用与光纤通信技术相结合的新型光通信技术,具有高频谱利用率、有效抵抗光纤链路中的色度色散、偏振模色散和非线性效应等优点,在大容量、长距离光纤通信系统和光接入网中有着广阔的应用前景。介绍了光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)系统的工作原理、结构及其关键技术的国内外研究现状,讨论了O-OFDM应用有待深入研究的技术和问题,展望了O-OFDM技术的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Combining discrete cosine transform with clipping for PAPR reduction in intensity-modulated OFDM systems

In this paper, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is reduced by combining the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with clipping in optical intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) OFDM systems. First, the data are transformed into new modified data by DCT. Second, the proposed scheme utilizes the clipping technique to further reduce the PAPR of OFDM signal. We experimentally demonstrate that the optical OFDM transmission system with this proposed scheme can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of PAPR and bit error rate (BER) compared with the original optical OFDM systems.     

Improved forward error correction technology of RS-LDPC cascade code in optical transport network

With the continuous development of optical communication and the increase in data transmission volume, optical transport network (OTN) has become the focus of research in next-generation transmission networks. In the process of data transmission, errors caused by noise often occur, resulting in an increase in the bit error rate (BER) and a decrease in the performance of the optical communication system. Therefore, we use forward error correction (FEC) technology in OTN for error control to improve the transmission efficiency of signals in OTN and reduce the BER. Standard FEC technology uses RS(255,239) code. On this basis, since the performance of low density parity check (LDPC) code is close to the Shannon limit, we propose a method of cascading RS code and LDPC code. Applying this improved FEC technology to OTN, the simulation results show that the improved FEC technology has a reduced BER compared with the standard FEC technology. When the BER is at the 10-3 level, the performance is improved by about 1.7 dB.     

Tunnel visible light communication system utilizing frequency domain pre-equalization technique

Simultaneously improving the communication speed and equalizing the nonlinear frequency response are still challenging for tunnel visible light communication (TVLC) system. Here, we propose and numerically investigate a frequency domain pre-equalization scheme for discrete multitone (DMT) modulation TVLC system. The amplitude of each subscriber is appropriately pre-equalized by optimized nonlinear compensation parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed equalization technique can resist the channel attenuation of the signal high-frequency part and further flatten the nonlinear channel response. Without forward error correction technique, the bit error ratio (BER) performance can reach 7.66×10-6 in a 2.05 Gbit/s DMT-TVLC system.     

对数正态分布衰落下的光OFDM水下可见光通信空间分集系统

水下可见光通信(UVLC)是实现高速宽带信息传输的有效方案,但由于受到信道中吸收、散射和湍流的不利影响而面临着许多困难。针对水下湍流信道中多径和衰落带来的影响,提出了一种光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)等增益合并的分集方案,根据广义的朗伯定律得到信道增益,通过对数正态分布模拟信号衰落。采用蒙特卡洛方法对正交幅度调制(QAM)的非对称削波光正交频分复用(ACOOFDM)和直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)两种分集系统进行建模仿真,分析高斯信道和弱湍流信道下系统的误比特率,探讨不同分集数目和闪烁系数情况下的分集增益。研究结果验证了分集是降低湍流影响的有效手段,有利于改善水下信息传输性能,为弱湍流信道下正交频分复用可见光通信系统的设计、预测和评估提供参考。     

基于SF-MCMA均衡技术的直接检测光OFDM系统实验研究

提出了一种基于分频修正常模算法(SF-MCMA)的均衡技术补偿由光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)传输系统中色散引起的频率选择性衰减(FF)对信号的影响。理论分析了直接检测O-OFDM(DDO-OFDM)传输系统中O-OFDM信号因色散而产生的FF原因,并证明了对O-OFDM不同子载波信号进行SF-MCMA均衡可以纠正色散对OFDM信号的幅度失真和相位偏移的影响。通过实验表明,经100km标准单模光纤(SSMF)传输后,使用SF-MCMA均衡的信号比未使用该均衡的信号系统接收功率代价在(BER)为10e-4时降低了2dB。说明此均衡方法能够有效抵抗色散的影响。同时,此方法中O-OFDM信号不需要训练序列和导频,节省了带宽,可提高信号的频谱利用率。