Activity of Reducing Steel Slag of EAF

Reducing steel slag (RSS) was mainly acquired from five electric-arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking plants (among them, the products of two plants were carbon steel and those of other plants were stainless steel) for research tests. The chemical properties, compound compositions, activities and contents of main expansive compounds were tested. The results showed that the field sampled RSS had a very high crystallinity and hydraulicity with main chemical compositions close to those of Portland cement. It can be k...     

滚筒渣与热闷渣基础性能研究

为实现钢渣的高效资源化利用,采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒径分布、安定性、易磨性等检测方法研究了滚筒法、热闷法处理工艺对钢渣基础性能的影响. 研究表明:滚筒渣和热闷渣的主要化学成分和物相组成相差不大,滚筒渣中硅酸二钙(C₂S)、硅酸三钙(C₃S)和铁酸二钙(C₂F)的质量分数较大,且可以较明显的观察到金属铁粒; 与热闷渣相比,滚筒渣中CaO质量分数较大,而 f-CaO质量分数较少.在2.0 MPa饱和蒸汽下进行压蒸试验发现,在相同粒径范围内,滚筒渣的安定性指数普遍大于热闷渣,安定性优异. 采用水泥试验小磨进行粉磨,得到比表面积随粉磨时间延长的特征曲线. 结果发现,在相同的粉磨时间内,滚筒渣的比表面积均小于热闷渣的比表面积,当粉磨时间超过70 min时,滚筒渣的粉磨效率趋于平缓,而热闷渣继续粉磨到110 min时,比表面积增加15.67%,因此滚筒渣的易磨性较差.粒度筛分与压碎值测定试验结果显示,滚筒渣的粒径大部分集中在3~5 mm,热闷渣主要集中在3~10 mm且粒度分布较均匀; 滚筒渣和热闷渣粗细骨料的压碎值均达到Ⅰ类粗细骨料技术指标,可直接用作粗细骨料.     

Effect of CuO on the burnability and mineral formation of high C3S cement clinker

The effect of CuO on the clinkering process and mineral structure, components and morphology of high C3S cement clinker was studied. One reference mixture was prepared according to the potential mineral phase components C3S=75%, C3A=7%, C4AF=18% and then was mixed, respectively, with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4% CuO. All samples were heated at a rate of 10°C/min to the design temperatures and then maintained for 40 min. Analyses by the glycerol-ethanol method, XRD and SEM-EDS show that the minimum of free lime (f-CaO) content was related to temperature and CuO amount. The higher the temperature, the lower the amount of CuO corresponding to the f-CaO minimum content. CuO promotes the formation and growth of C3S and C4AF and a new compound is found. In addition, these phenomena are discussed theoretically. In conclusion, CuO alters the burnability and the formation and structure of C3S in a high C3S cement system.     

Synthesis and oxidation behavior of boron-substituted carbon powders by hot filament chemical vapor deposition

Boron-substituted carbon powder, B _x C_1−x with x up to 0.17, has been successfully synthesized by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The boron concentration in prepared B _x C_1−x samples can be controlled by varying the relative proportions of methane and diborane. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectrum confirm the successful synthesis of an amorphous BC₅ compound, which consists of 10–20 nm particles with disk-like morphology. Thermogravimetry measurement shows that BC₅ compound starts to oxidize approximately at 620°C and has a higher oxidation resistance than carbon. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10474083, 50472051, 50532020, 50672081) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB724400)     

Effects of molecular structure of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer on the hydration properties of C3S

Effects of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer(PC) molecular structure on the hydration heat of tricalcium silicate(C3S) paste and polymerization degree of hydration products(C-S-H gel) were researched by using TAM AIR isothermal microcalorimetry(TA) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Methoxy polyethylene glycol-methacrylates-based polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different side chain lengths and main chain lengths were employed.PC molecules with shorter main chain or longer side chains caused stronger retardation of C3S early hydration and lesser increase of C3S 3 d hydration degree.NMR measurement indicated that the incorporation of PC increased the hydration degree of C3S paste and the polymerization degree of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron of C-S-H gel.The tendency for C3S 7 d hydration degree to improve was more pronounced while PC molecules with longer main chain or shorter side chain were added.Whereas,PC molecules with longer main chains or longer side chains increased the 7 d polymerization degree of C-S-H gel.     

A New Kind of Eco-Cement Made of Cement Kiln Dust and Granular Blast Furnace Slag

1 IntroductionThe kiln dust is the solid waste collected fromce-ment kilns .Its chemical composition is similar to that ofcement raw meal , but the potassuim,sodium, chlorineand sulfur content and the lime saturation coefficient aremuch higherthanthose of the cement rawmeal[1].Ontheother hand,the binding water of it is relatively lowandthere are some clinker minerals . Generally,cement kilndust can be classifiedintotwo categories .One isthe dustfromdry process rotary kilns (without preheater …     

Nano-phases and corrosion resistance of C+Mo dual implanted steel

The corrosion resistance of C + Mo dual-implanted HI3 steel was studied using multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry. The phase formation conditions for corrosion resistance and its effects were researched. The super-saturation solid station solution of Mo+ and C+ atoms was formed in Mo + C dual implanted steel. Precipitate phase with nanometer size Fe2Mo, FeMo, MoC, Fe5C3 and Fe7C3 were formed in dual implanted layer. The passivation layer consisted of these nanometer phases. The corrosion resistance of the dual implanted layer was better than that of single Mo implantation. Jp of the Mo implanted sample is 0.55 times that of H13 steel. The corrosion resistance of the dual implantation was enhanced when ion dose increased. When the Mo+ ion dose was 6 × 1017/cm2 in the dual implantation, Jp of the dual implanted sample was only 0.11 times that in H13 steel. What is important is that pitting corrosion properties of dual implanted steel were improved obviously.     

Influence of nucleating agent on the formation of C4A3S

The reference test methods are carried out parallelly, by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscope to study the formation of C4A3S in the presence and absence of nucleating agent. The results show that nucleating agent with high calcium and low heat consumption as tricalcium silicate (C3S) promotes the formation of C4A3S and increases desulfurization degree obviously. During calcining raw meals doped with C3S, the grain sizes of C4A3S are larger compared with that without C3S. And at the same calcining level, the mass loss and the heat consumption belonged to CaCO3 decomposition is reduced.     

NMR research on cement clinker and its structures in early age hydration

Clinker has long been regarded as a critical factor for cement hydration and solidification.α-C2S and β-C2S in 2CaO·SiO2(C2S) phase and C3S Monoclinic 1(C3S M1) and C3S Monoclinic 3 (C3S M3) in 3CaO·SiO2 (C3S) phase were clearly recorded in the 29Si MAS NMR spectra.The content of C3S phase in the clinker deduced from the fine peak analysis coincides with the phase quantification analysis calculated by the Taylor-Bogue method based on XRF,which also accords to the statistical data in industrial production.NM...     

Chemieal Strueturcs and Adsorptive Behaviors of Superplastieizers on β-C2S

The chemical structures of four types of superplasticizers （SPs） and their adsorptive behaviors on β-C2S were investigated. The adsorption properties of SPs on β-C2S were measured and the relationship between the adsorption quantity and the specific surface of β-C2S was analyzed. The experimental results show that the adsorption quantity increases with the surface area increase of β-C2S, but the adsorption quantity per surface area is similar, which means that the main adsorbent is β-C2S itself. Polycarboxylic ester （PCE） showed the highest adsorption amount on β-C2S, followed by β-naphthalene sulfonates （NSF） and formaldehyde-acetone condensates sulfonates （FAS）, amino sulphonate （AS） showed the least adsorption amount on β-C2S. PCE affected the surface potential of β-C2S particles in water differently in comparison with other types of SPs. The adsorption capacity of SPs on β-C2S is determined by factors such as molecular structure, functional groups and molecular weight of SPs.     

Tribological properties of nanostructured n -Al2O3/Ni coatings deposited by plasma spraying

Nanostructured n-Al₂O₃/Ni feedstock for thermal spraying was manufactured by the method of chemical wrapping and spray drying. The nanostructured coating was sprayed with this feedstock. Tribological properties of the coatings and steel 45# were tested. Within the testing range, the friction coefficient of coatings against GCr15 steel decreased and the mass loss of coatings increased at first then decreased with the increase of load. Under each load, the coatings’ fraction coefficients and wear losses were lower lower than that of steel 45#. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis show that adhesion is the dominating wear mechanism, and fatigue exists at the same time. Material transferred from counter-part to the coating is the main factor which influences the coatings’ friction coefficient and wear losses.     

The role of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen-induced martensites in hydrogen embrittlement of type 304L stainless steel

The role of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen-induced martensites in hydrogen embrittlement in slow strain rate tensile tests and hydrogen-induced delayed cracking (HIC) in sustained load tests for type 304 L stainless steel was quantitatively studied. The results indicated that hydrogen-induced martensites formed when hydrogen concentration C0 exceeded 30 ppm, and increased with an increase in C0, i.e. M(vol%) =62-82.5exp( - C0/102). The relative plasticity loss caused by the marten-sites increased linearly with increasing amount of the martensites, i.e. Iδ(M),% = 0.45M(vol %) = 27.9-37.1 exp( -C0/102). The plasticity loss caused by atomic hydrogen Iδ(H) increased with an increase in C0 and reached a saturation value Iδ(H)max = 40% when C0 > 100 ppm. Iδ( H) decreased with an increase in strain rate E , i.e. Iδ (H), % = - 21.9 - 9. 9(?), and was zero when (?)≥(?)c = 0.032/ s. HIC under sustained load was due to atomic hydrogen, and the threshold stress intensity for HIC decreased linearly with lnC0, i.e     

底部加强双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能研究

为研究底部加强双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能，以型钢数量（m=2、4、6）、型钢尺寸（I）、型钢强度（Q235、Q345）（f_p）、钢板强度（Q235、Q345）（f_s）、轴压比（n=0.4、0.5、0.7）为主要参数。设计了9片双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙，利用ABAQUS软件建立其有限元模型，并对类似双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙开展验证分析，将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比分析，验证结果的合理性。基于验证结果，开展了9片双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的参数分析，研究不同参数对底部加强双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能影响规律。研究结果表明，底部加强试件在承载能力、延性、塑性变性能力、刚度退化和耗能能力方面均有所提升。轴压比为0.4和0.5时，延性接近；轴压比为0.7时，延性下降；轴压比为0.5时，随着型钢数量的增加，承载能力逐渐提高；提高钢板和型钢强度，延性、初始刚度和耗能能力均有较大提升，抗震性能较优。     

Effect of Grain Size of CaCO3 and SiO2 on the Formation of C3S Under Different Conditions

The effect of grain size of CaCO3 and SiO2 on the formation of C3S under various conditions, such as rapid heating rate（800 ℃/min）, normal heating rate（30 ℃/min） and in the presence or absence of ZnO, was studied. The results show that the decomposition temperature of CaCO3, the temperature of appearance of liquid phase and the f-CaO content descend when the grain size of CaCO3 and SiO2 becomes smaller, which attributes to the reactive activity enhancement of powders due to the decrease of the particle size. When the grain size of CaCO3 and SiO2 is below 1 μm, the rate of the formation of C3S is greatly raised. A rapid sintering rate and the presence of ZnO have an important effect on the formation of C3S and can lower the temperature of the formation of C3S by about 50 ℃.     

Synthesis of C3S by sol-gel technique and its features

Sol-gel method is a technique to synthesize inorganic materials based on wet-chemical reaction theory. The results have shown that reactants tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O can form sol and gel in solution at 50–60 °C, and the cosolvents are propyl alcohol (NPA) and H₂O, the catalyst is HNO₃. This sol-gel is burned for 12 h at 1 350–1 450 °C so that the organic matter, free water (moisture) in sol-gel system are removed and a solid reaction has taken place to form the resulting product. The product has been confirmed to be C₃S by XRD, SEM and ²⁹Si MAS NMR, as well as free lime content of the product which is less than 0.2% was determined by propanetriol-ethanol-method. The analysis determined by EDXA has indicated that the n(Ca)/n(Si) ratio in corresponding to micro-region is close to theoretical value of 3:1. This resulting product is C₃S with Si sites of Q⁰ polymerization, and has higher purity and hydraulic activities at earlier age of hydration.     

Development of Zr/ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> high temperature and high pressure sensors for <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> measuring chemical parameters of deep-sea water

In order to in situ measure chemical parameters of deep-sea water and hydrothermal fluids at midocean ridge(MOR), it is necessary to use high temperature and high pressure chemical sensors.Developing new sensors is essential to measure in-situ pH and other chemical parameters(dissolved H2, dissolved H2S) of deep-sea water and hydrothermal fluids in a wide temperature range(2℃―400℃) at MOR vents.The YSZ(Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, 9%Y2O3) ceramic-based(HgO/Hg) chemical sensors possess excellent electrochemic...     

Effect of barium oxide on the formation and coexistence of tricalcium silicate and calcium sulphoaluminate

Formation and coexistence of tricalcium silicate (C₃S) and calcium sulphoaluminate (C₄A₃ ) minerals in Portland cement clinker containing calcium sulphoaluminate were investigated. The f-CaO content, mineral composite and formation of mineral in the clinker were analyzed respectively by chemical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray diffraction. The results show that, adding a suitable amount of BaO can improve the burnability of raw meal and promote the f-CaO absorption. Tricalcium silicate and calcium sulphoaluminate minerals can form and coexist in clinkers at 1 234–1 317 °C by the addition of BaO to the raw meal. A suitable amount of BaO expanded the coexistence temperature of two minerals by 58 °. Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB623100), National Eleven Five-Year Scientific and Technical Support Plans (No. 2006BAF02A24), the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(No. 08KJB430006), the Open Fund for the Key Laboratory of Inorganical and Composite Materials in Jiangsu Province(No. wjjqfhxc1200801) and the Innovation Fund of Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing University of Technology (No. BSCX200705)     

TiO2对高C3S熟料烧成的影响

通过外掺TiO₂来改善高C₃S熟料的烧成.配制7个生料样品,其潜在矿物组成均为w(C₃S)=75%、w(C₃A)=7%、w(C4AF)=18%,TiO₂掺量分别为0、05%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%,在设定的高温下煅烧成熟料,通过化学分析、XRD、SEM/EDS等方法,研究了TiO₂对熟料易烧性、矿相形成、C₃S晶体形貌和熟料强度等的影响.结果表明,掺入少量TiO₂明显提高了熟料的易烧性;当TiO₂掺量小于2%时,f-CaO随TiO₂掺量的增加而显著降低;当TiO2掺量超过2%后,f-CaO随TiO₂掺量的变化不大;当TiO₂掺量达到3%时,在1 350和1 400 ℃温度煅烧的熟料中均发现了CaO·TiO₂新相;掺2%TiO2在1 400℃煅烧条件下的熟料,TiO₂在C₃S中的固溶量约1.7%;掺入适量的TiO₂,熟料中C₃S结晶比较完整、均匀,熟料强度较高.适当掺入TiO₂对改善高C₃S熟料的烧成和提高其强度都是有利的.     

Thermal shock resistances of FeMnCr/Cr<Subscript>3</Subscript>C<Subscript>2</Subscript> coatings deposited by arc spraying

Arc spraying with the cored wires was applied to deposit FeMnCr/Cr₃C₂ coatings on low carbon steel substrates, namely FM1, FM2 and FM3. Thermal shock resistances of the coatings were investigated to assess the influence of Cr₃C₂ content on thermal shock resistance. Characteristics of the coatings under thermal cycling test were studied by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersion spectrum (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that hardness of the coatings increases, bonding strength decreases slightly with increase of the Cr₃C₂ content of the coatings. As a result, FM2 coating possesses the best thermal shock resistance, attributing to its better thermal expansion matches and wettability than those of FM3 coating, less oxide rate than that of FM1 coating restraining from cracks formation and propagation in coatings.     

Mechanism of flue gas simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification using the highly reactive absorbent

Using slurry mixed by fly ash and alkaline material, removal of SO2 in industrial waste gas had been reported in the 1970s, which was named the wet scrubbing[1]. Sincethen, there have been many reports about flue gas desulfurization using the reactive ab- sorbent prepared with flying ash. There are four kinds as follows: (1) Using slurry of fly ash as absorbent[2―4], which mainly utilize the property of fly ash for desulphurization, but the removal efficiency is not high. (2) Using fly ash a…