Separation of aluminum from rare earth by solvent extraction with4-octyloxybenzoic acid

Leaching method is usually used to extract rare earth(RE) elements from ion adsorbed RE ores.In the leaching process,some impurities such as aluminum(Al) enter the leaching solution.The separation of Al from RE by carboxylic acid extractant 4-octyloxybenzoic acid(POOA) was studied in this article.By changing the pH value,temperature,solvent,saponification degree and other parameters,the extraction and separation performance of POOA in chloride system was systematically studied.Through specific e...     

Extraction and Stripping of Ytterbium （Ⅲ） from H2SO4 Medium by Cyanex 923

Ytterbiumand other lanthanide oxides are widelyused in the preparation of optical glasses ,glass fibersfor optical purposes ,gasoline-cracking catalysts ,pol-ishing compounds and carbon arcs , and in the ironand steel industriestoremove sulfur ,carbon ,and oth-er electronegative elements fromiron and steel[1].Themain sources of ytterbiumand other heavy rare earthelements are monazite and bastnasite . Withincreasingdemand for rare earth elements ,the separation andpurification of these elements…     

C_(272)及协萃剂C_(274)萃取分离稀土的性能试验

测定了新型萃取剂Ｃ２７２和Ｃ２７４的萃取稀土容量及其反萃取性能,进行了上述萃取剂串级萃取分离Ｔｍ／Ｙｂ和Ｙｂ／Ｌｕ的试验,确认Ｃ２７２和Ｃ２７４是萃取分离重稀土的优良萃取剂。     

New Methodological Approach to Investigation of Kinetics of REE Extraction in Nonstationary Conditions

The influence of periodical oscillations of the temperature on extraction and stripping processes in the extraction systems was studied. Two extraction systems were investigated： （1） 6 mol · L^-1 NaNO3-Nd（NO3）3-Pr（NO3）3-TBP kerosene and （2） [Nd（NO3）3 · 3TBP] -[ Pr（NO3）3 · 3TBP] -kerosene - 0.1 mol · L^-1 HNO3. Mathematical modeling of the nonstationary membrane extraction has been enhanced by including the dependence of the extraction rate constants on temperature. The values of activation energy for direct and reverse extraction and stripping reactions of Pr and Nd were calculated from experimental temporal dependencies of metal concentration and temperature by solving the reverse kinetics problem using the proposed mathematical model, A series of experiments with periodical oscillations of the temperature on the extraction system for the separation of rare earth elements （REE） using bulk liquid membrane between two extractors were performed. The mathematical model adequately describes the experimental data. The optimization of the extraction process for separation of REE by liquid membrane, under the influence of periodical oscillation of the temperature, was made based on the extraction rate constants and activation energies. The optimal conditions of separation by liquid membrane were found： frequency and amplitude of thermal oscillations, liquid membrane flow rate, and optimal ratio between organic and aqueous phase in extractors.     

从石煤酸浸液中萃取分离钒钼

采用P204作为萃取剂富集分离石煤酸浸液中的钒和钼,考察了溶液pH值、反萃剂种类、反萃剂浓度、反萃相比对钒钼富集分离的影响.研究结果表明：经过Na2S2O3还原后的溶液,钒的萃取率可以达到84.1%,钼的萃取率可以达到81.1%;采用1.5 mol/L的硫酸溶液反萃负载钒和钼的有机相,钒的反萃率可以达到99%以上,钼不能被反萃;在O/A为（体积比）3∶1的条件下采用60 g/L的碳酸氢铵溶液可以将钼反萃,其反萃率为76.4%.采用不同的反萃剂,可以实现钒和钼的分离.     

DIBK-P350和DIBK-TOPO负载有机相中铪和锆的反萃

分别以盐酸、硫酸、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵和碳酸钾的水溶液为反萃剂,对比研究了其对DIBK-P350体系和DIBK-TOPO体系负载有机相中铪和锆的反萃性能。结果表明,盐酸、硫酸、碳酸氢铵和碳酸钾对这两个体系负载有机相中铪和锆的反萃率或分离系数较低,不适合作为该体系的反萃剂,而碳酸铵((NH_4)_2CO_3)较适合作为反萃剂。在室温、油水相比O/A=1/2、(NH_4)_2CO_3浓度1.5~2.0mol/L的优化条件下,DIBK-P350体系负载有机相中(NH_4)_2CO_3对铪的单级反萃率和锆铪的分离系数分别达到91.61%和6.94。对DIBK-TOPO体系负载有机相反萃的优化条件为:室温、油水相比O/A=1/2、(NH_4)_2CO_3浓度2.0 mol/L,(NH_4)_2CO_3对铪的单级反萃率和锆铪的分离系数分别达94.33%和15.30。     

Study on a novel flat renewal supported liquid membrane with D2EHPA and hydrogen nitrate for neodymium extraction

The Nd(III) extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane(FRSLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was investigated.The effects of pH in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution,concentra-tion of HNO3 solution and concentration of carrier in the renewal phase on extraction of Nd(III) were also studied,respectively.As a result,the optimum extraction conditions of Nd(III) were obtained when concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.100 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 1.00 in the renewal phase,and pH was 4.60 in the feed phase.When initial concentration of Nd(III) was 2.00×10-4 mol/L,the extraction percentage of Nd(III) was up to 92.9% in 75 min.     

Separation of Th~(4 ) and RE~(3 ) with Hollow Fiber Extraction

Ｔｈｏｒｉｕｍｉｓａｍａｉｎｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓ．Ｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｔｏｒｅｍｏｖｅｔｈｏｒｉｕｍｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｓｅｖｅｒａｌｓｔｅｐｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ...     

Extraction mechanism of cerium（Ⅳ） in H2SO4/H3PO4 system using bifunctional ionic liquid extractants

The extraction of Ce（Ⅳ） in H2SO4/H3PO4 system was investigated systematically using bifunctional ionic liquid extractants（Bif-ILES） [A336][P507],[A336][P204] and [A336][C272] in n-heptane.The effects of H2SO4 concentration,extractant concentration and salting-out agent concentration were observed in detail.The extraction mechanism of Ce（Ⅳ） in H2SO4/H3PO4 system was obtained.The comparison with other extractants such as Cyanex923,TBP was also studied.Thermodynamic functions of the extraction reaction were calculated,showing that the extraction was an exothermic process.The separation of Ce（Ⅳ） from RE（Ⅲ） and Th（Ⅳ） was also investigated.The result indicated that Ce（Ⅳ） could be selectively extracted in this system.CePO4 nanoparticles were obtained in the process of stripping using H2O2 in H2SO4/H3PO4 system.X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and spectroscopy were adopted for the characterization of the sample.     

Study on thorium recovery from bastnaesite treatment process

Thorium (Th) stripping behavior from HEH/EHP (2-(ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) with H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 were investigated. The results indicated that H2SO4 was the most effective stripping reagent compared with HCl and HNO3. Selecting H2SO4 as the stripping reagent, the effect of phase ratio, acidity, H2SO4 amount, HEH/EHP concentration and Th loading in HEH/EHP on Th stripping were systematically investigated. As a result, the optimum stripping conditions of Th(IV) were obtained as the concentration of H2SO4 solution was 3.50 mol/L, phase ratio was 4:1. Low HEH/EHP concentration was benefit for Th stripping. Based on the results, pilot test for new Bastnaesite treatment process was carried out and the recovery of Ce, F and Th were more than 99%, 98% and 95% separately.     

Extraction of zinc and copper–zinc mixtures from ammoniacal solutions into emulsion liquid membranes using LIX 84I

Emulsion liquid membranes with LIX 84I as extractant were used to extract zinc and copper–zinc mixtures from ammoniacal media. The effects of various emulsion parameters and process parameters on zinc extraction were investigated. The optimal pH was 8.1. The stripping rates were found to be slower than the loading rates in ELMs. The extraction and stripping data using LIX 84I were obtained for Zn and Cu–Zn mixtures to discern the influence of individual steps on ELM extraction. A synergistic effect was observed for loading and stripping zinc in the presence of copper. Zinc stripped faster than copper when the zinc concentration was higher or comparable with copper. Separation factors for Cu/Zn were found to be in the range of 1.1–1.4. When Cu–Zn mixtures were extracted in ELMs, it was observed that the whole extraction process was governed by the loading of copper and zinc in the membrane phase and other considerations such as stripping, diffusion etc. were completely masked by the rapid loading rates of copper in the ELMs. The separation factor β_Cu/Zn was found to be a maximum of 3.5 indicating the possibility of selective separation of copper from Cu–Zn mixtures using ELMs.     

P507+N235高酸砷铁反萃溶液处理工艺的优化

介绍了某锌冶炼厂采用P507+N235组成的双溶剂萃取体系从硫酸浸出液中萃取砷铁的生产情况,并对高酸砷铁反萃溶液返回锌冶炼系统存在的问题进行分析。采用膜分离工艺处理反萃溶液,对比分析纳滤膜和扩散渗析膜分离的工艺条件和投资运行成本。结果表明,纳滤膜和扩散渗析膜均可以有效分离溶液中杂质元素：其中采用纳滤膜工艺时,截留浓液中铁、砷、锌、硫酸和油份的截留率分别为91.2%、88.55%、87.5%、47.44%和50%,酸回收利用率为52.56%;采用扩散渗析膜工艺,渗析残液中铁、砷、锌、硫酸和油份的截留率分别92%、87.94%、90%、5.13%和75%,酸回收利用率为94.87%。截留浓液和渗析残液均采用石灰中和法脱除溶液中的砷铁,过滤溶液返回系统实现资源循环利用,扩散渗析膜相比纳滤膜投资少,操作维护简单,生产成本低,更适合用于工业生产。     

Extraction Separation of Scandium，Iron and Lutetium with Isopropyl Phosphonic Acid Mono（1－hexyl－4－ethyl）OctylEster

ＥｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎＳｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｃａｎｄｉｕｍ，ＩｒｏｎａｎｄＬｕｔｅｔｉｕｍｗｉｔｈＩｓｏｐｒｏｐｙｌＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｎｉｃＡｃｉｄＭｏｎｏ（１－ｈｅｘｙｌ－４－ｅｔｈｙｌ）ＯｃｔｙｌＥｓｔｅｒＳｕｎＪｉｎｇ；ＬｉＤｅｑｉａｎ（Ｌａｂｏ...     

Separation of Eu（III） with supported dispersion liquid membrane system containing D2EHPA as carrier and HNO3 solution as stripping solution

The Eu(III) separation in supported dispersion liquid membrane (SDLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the support and dispersion solution containing HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dis-solved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was studied.The effects of pH value,initial concentration of Eu(III) and different ionic strengths in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution,concentration of HNO3 solution,concentration of carrier,different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on the separation of Eu(III) were also investigated,respectively.As a result,the optimum separation conditions of Eu(III) were obtained as the concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.160 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 30:30 in the dispersion phase,and pH value was 5.00 in the feed phase.Ionic strength had no obvious effect on the separation of Eu(III).Under the optimum conditions studied,when initial concentration of Eu(III) was 1.00×10–4 mol/L,the separation rate of Eu(III) was up to 94.2% during the separation period of 35 min.The kinetic equation was developed in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the theory of interface chemistry.The results were in good agreement with the literature data.     

Ethyl-bis-triazinylpyridine (Et-BTP) for the separation of americium(III) from trivalent lanthanides using solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane methods

The present paper deals with the solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane studies on Ln(III)/An(III) separation using ethyl-bis-triazinylpyridine (Et-BTP) as the extractant. The solvent extraction studies involved evaluation of a) diluents, b) phase modifiers, c) stripping agents and d) role of feed acidity. Though reasonably high separation factor values were obtained when Et-BTP was used along with α-bromo carboxylic acids, the mixtures could not be used for liquid membrane studies due to unsatisfactory stripping. On the other hand, a combination of Et-BTP with chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD) in nitrobenzene resulted in significant Am(III) mass transfer when used in the solvent extraction as well as SLM studies. Improved transport, membrane stability, and decontamination from lanthanides were observed when the organic phase diluent composition was 60% nitrobenzene + 40% n-dodecane. Using 0.02 M Et-BTP along with 0.005 M CCD in 60% nitrobenzene + 40% n-dodecane, the SLM studies on a mixture of ²⁴¹Am, ¹⁵²Eu and ¹⁴⁷Nd in a feed containing 0.1 M HNO₃, indicated quantitative Am³⁺ transport in 3.5 h with co-transport of about 8% Nd³⁺ and 22% Eu³⁺.     

用P507从硫酸镍溶液中萃取分离铜、锌、钴

对去除铁、砷、钙、镁后的硫酸镍溶液,采用钠皂化的P507萃取剂分离铜、锌、钴.考察了皂化率、P507体积分数、平衡pH值、相比、时间、温度以及逆流萃取级数对萃取效果的影响.同时考察了负载有机相反萃过程中硫酸浓度、反萃相比、时间对铜、锌、钴反萃效果的影响.结果表明,当萃取有机相组成为35 % P507+65 %磺化煤油,钠皂化率为65 %,相比（V_O/V_A）为1:1,平衡pH值为4,25 ℃,萃取时间为5 min,经3级逆流萃取,铜、锌、钴的萃取率分别为96.73 %、99.87 %、94.17 %.对负载有机相经过酸性去离子水（pH=3~4）洗涤后,用1 mol/L硫酸溶液,时间为5 min,反萃相比（V_O/V_A）为1:1.在此条件下,铜、锌、钴的反萃率分别为99.94 %、99.94 %、99.86 %.      

Application of P507 and isooctanol extraction system in recovery of scandium from simulated red mud leach solution

The current recovery technique of Sc was complicated and the chemical consumption was high. This was due to the low content of Sc in resources and the difficulty of stripping. In this research, the isooctanol was added into the 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) extraction system to reduce the extraction and improve the stripping of Sc. The maximum stripping ratio of Sc from loaded organic phase by sulfuric acid can increase from 10% (without isooctanol) to 99% (with 15 vol% isooctanol). In the extraction test of the simulated red mud leaching liquor, the separation factors between Sc and Zr, Sc and Ti are 36 and 350, separately. At the same time, other metals are almost not extracted. The high selectivity and stripping of Sc suggest that the P507 with isooctanol extraction system can be applied in the practical Sc recovery process.     

P507+N235双溶剂萃取除铁生产实践

介绍了在硫酸介质中使用P507+N235双溶剂萃取体系萃取除铁的工艺应用。通过生产实践发现,铁以三价态被萃取,有机相由15%P507+5%N235+80%260#稀释剂组成,相比2∶1,铁萃取率达到98%以上,在反萃剂为250g/L稀硫酸溶液,相比4∶1的条件下反萃,铁反萃率达到98%以上,反萃液经均相渗析膜分离回收酸,渗析残液通过控制pH,可采用铁矾法、中和除铁和砷酸铁等工艺除铁,铁脱除率均可达到90%以上。     

A novel extractant bis(2-ethylhexyl) ((2-ethylhexylamino)methyl) phosphine oxide for cerium(IV) extraction and separation from sulfate medium

By introducing the amine group into phosphorus extractant, a novel aminophosphine compound bis(2-ethylhexyl) ((2-ethylhexylamino)methyl) phosphine oxide (DEHAPO, abbreviated as A) was synthesized for the extraction of cerium (IV) (Ce(IV)) from sulfate medium (H₂SO₄). The influence factors including extractant concentration, H₂SO₄ concentration and temperature on the Ce(IV) extraction were investigated and discussed. It is found that the extraction ability of Ce(IV), thorium (IV) (Th(IV)) and rare earths (REs(III)) (La, Gd, Yb) decreases in sulphate medium in the following order: Ce(IV) > Th(IV) > REs(III). The extraction process is an exothermic reaction and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The extracted complex of Ce(HSO₄)₂SO₄·A in loaded organic solution was identified by the slope methods and further proved by FT-IR spectral analysis. Stripping studies indicate that Ce(IV) can be effectively stripped from the organic phase. The results of separation factors (β) and saturation loading capacity demonstrate that DEHAPO could be used to selectively extract Ce(IV) from sulphate medium with high separation efficiency and good extraction ability.     

萃取法提取铬(Ⅲ)分离铁(Ⅱ)的研究

采用皂化的P204+磺化煤油体系共萃铬、铁,选择性反萃分离铬、铁工艺,从电镀污泥硫酸浸出液中回收富集铬.考察皂化率、P204浓度、料液初始pH值、萃取时间、温度、相比等因素对于萃取效果的影响,考察反萃剂组成、浓度、相比等因素对反萃效果的影响.结果表明:P204皂化率及浓度是影响铬的萃取率重要因素.在萃取有机相组成为30 %P204+70 %磺化煤油,皂化率为70 %,料液pH=2.42,V_O/V_A=1/1,萃取温度28 ℃,振荡时间5 min条件下,经6级逆流萃取达到平衡之后,出口水相铬浓度为0.9 mg/L左右,铬萃取率为99.99 %.采用2段反萃工序有效的分离铬铁:采用2 mol/L硫酸反萃,相比V_O/V_A=5/1,温度32 ℃,振荡时间5 min,经过3级逆流反萃,铬反萃率为97.5 %,铬浓度富集到29.5 g/L,铁浓度为10 mg/L;反萃铬后负载有机相再用氢氧化钠溶液反萃铁.