基于均值漂移和边缘检测的轮廓跟踪算法

实时的轮廓跟踪算法可以为视频监控系统提供物体的轮廓信息以供对物体类别、物体行为等进行识别.提出一种基于均值漂移和边缘检测的轮廓跟踪算法.方法中,首先利用均值漂移算法跟踪得到目标物体的中心位置,同时用高斯统计模型进行背景更新,从前景图像和背景图像中分别得到具有相同位置和大小的前景矩形区域和背景矩形区域,然后用背景分割的方法得到目标物体区域,再对目标物体区域进行边缘检测就得到了目标物体的轮廓,进而实现了对目标物体的轮廓跟踪.实验表明,可以实时、准确、稳定地对目标物体进行轮廓跟踪.     

基于车载传感器的路面井盖自动定位识别算法研究*

市政井盖快速定位与识别是提升现代城市部件空间数字化管理水平需要解决的重要问题,针对该问题提出基于车载传感器的复杂背景下路面井盖目标自动定位识别算法。该算法以车载传感器获取的透视图像中井盖所具有的椭圆形几何特征为判据,先利用矢量边缘检测方法提取边缘信息,再运用轮廓跟踪法将边缘构造成轮廓链表,然后通过最小二乘法拟合与快速生成轮廓链表中可能存在的椭圆目标,并根据井盖的形状特征排除透视图中与路面井盖无对应关系的虚假椭圆目标,最终形成高精度定位识别结果。实证研究表明,对达到数据采集质量标准的图像,在一般情况下该算法     

基于全局最小化活动轮廓的多目标检测跟踪

为了在噪声干扰以及目标和背景颜色相近情况下实现多目标跟踪,提出一种基于快速全局最小化的活动轮廓模型的目标检测跟踪算法。该算法结合了基于边缘的活动轮廓模型和基于区域的活动轮廓模型,对能量泛函进行全局最小化来检测目标活动轮廓,用卡尔曼滤波预测目标下一帧的特征信息,然后用改进的最近邻法进行多目标跟踪。对图像序列的实验结果表明该算法能有效地对运动背景下多目标进行跟踪。     

一种基于形状约束势能的主动轮廓跟踪算法

将基于轮廓曲率的帧间几何形状约束势能,与目标区域信息和边缘梯度信息相结合,定义新的主动轮廓跟踪模型.该模型可以克服弱边缘及强背景等噪声对轮廓的吸引和干扰,同时保持目标的基本形状,实现和改善对具有尖角、深凹等不规则形状目标的边缘跟踪.采用基于块匹配的边界仿射变换方法对主动轮廓的初始位置进行估计,使其更接近目标的真实边缘.实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的边缘跟踪和抗复杂背景的能力.     

随身物品特征提取乘客计数方法研究

提出了一种基于随身物品特征识别的自动乘客计数方法,其目的在于实现公交线路上任意两站间的客流统计。该算法的原理是通过提取乘客身高体型特征、随身物品的颜色位置特征来对乘客进行识别和跟踪。针对公交车自动乘客计数的特点,本算法引入特殊的中值滤波、腐蚀膨胀和相关性分析等操作,能有效地辨识出乘客目标及其随身物品信息。并通过分区域处理进一步简化运算。最后通过公交车视频的图像处理实验,证明该算法切实可行。     

动态背景下运动目标检测与跟踪研究

主要研究动态背景下的运动目标检测和跟踪问题。背景补偿差分法是一种常用的动态背景下运动目标检测算法,但检测到的目标轮廓要比其真实轮廓大,检测结果不准确且算法复杂度较高。主动轮廓模型在图像分割和目标提取过程中具有拓扑结构变化灵活性,对数值计算方案的设计更加方便、有效,据此提出一种基于改进C-V模型和卡尔曼滤波的算法,用来检测和跟踪动态背景下的运动目标。提出的算法利用C-V模型曲线演化检测和跟踪目标,使C-V模型在目标的边缘处收敛。结合卡尔曼滤波预测运动目标下一帧位置,从而实现对运动目标轮廓的跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可以对动态背景下运动目标进行精确的检测与跟踪。     

基于水平集的TLD目标跟踪改进算法

TLD算法是一种新颖的长期目标跟踪算法,针对算法中检测器采用特征没有充分考虑跟踪过程中目标的表观、区域轮廓的变化及基于窗口扫描影响效率等问题,在TLD算法的基础上,加入演化机理,基于水平集对其进行改进。结合边缘和区域信息的多尺度水平集方法,引入目标轮廓信息,在有效克服灰度不均匀图像的同时,提高了目标跟踪的适应性及精度;根据轮廓检测结果,引入目标运动方向检测算子,对目标运动方向及其在当前帧中的位置进行估计,减少扫描窗口的同时提高目标辨识能力。通过实验对原始TLD算法及改进的算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,改进后的方法跟踪速度有提升,对目标跟踪的适应性更强,跟踪精度更高。     

基于头部检测和跟踪的人数统计方法

提出一种基于头部检测和跟踪的人数统计方法。方法利用Adaboost算法进行头部检测,将头部检测分成了头顶检测、侧面检测、正面检测和后脑勺检测等多个子检测过程。此外,利用图像特征直方图的信息进行头部跟踪,排除了对静态误检目标的统计,提高了检测的精度。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于Cauchy模型的行人轮廓提取及目标检测

为了提高行人目标轮廓参量的提取精准度数值,实现对待监测目标的实时稳定跟踪,提出基于Cauchy模型的行人轮廓提取及目标检测算法;基于Cauchy分布原理,估计行人轮廓目标的最大似然值,再结合计算第二类统计量方法,完成基于Cauchy模型的行人目标统计建模;在此基础上,建立卷积神经网络,利用卷积化与反卷积参量,提取Gabor行人轮廓特征;在目标图像分割理论的作用下,识别既定区域内的所有行人目标,持续标记各类已存在的行人目标,实时检测行人轮廓目标,实现基于Cauchy模型行人轮廓提取及目标检测;实验结果表明,与Kinect型检测算法相比,应用Cauchy型算法后,行人目标轮廓的检测精度值提高至93%,而PTR实测指标降低至3.97,可有效实现待监测行人轮廓目标的实时稳定跟踪。     

基于随机Hough变换的人头检测

传统的人头检测方法多为基于人脸和头发的检测,误差较大。为此,提出一种基于随机Hough变换(RHT)的人头检测方法。根据人头部轮廓近圆的特征,采用Canny算子提取图像边缘,得到目标轮廓。利用RHT算法对独立的曲线进行圆检测,并对人头进行标识。实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该方法的识别率较高、速度较快、适用范围较广。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。