热压印方法构筑聚对羟基苯乙烯微米线条

聚合物薄膜微纳图案化是近年来研究热点。本文采用热压印方法构筑聚对羟基苯乙烯(PVPh)薄膜的微米线条图案。据原子力扫描结果显示,经过热压印处理后的聚合物薄膜表面较处理前规整且出现与模板特征尺寸具有高吻合度的周期性微米线条。这说明在聚对羟基苯乙烯薄膜上已成功构筑了微米线条。通过对聚合物薄膜微米线条的成功构筑,表明热压印是聚合物薄膜图案化的有效方法之一。     

含氟自交联型醋酸乙烯酯聚合物乳液的制备及表面性能

通过无皂乳液聚合法合成了一种含氟自交联醋酸乙烯酯聚合物,用表面电子能谱仪(ESCA)检测了树脂成膜后的含氟成分的分布情况,测量了涂膜与水、乙二醇的接触角,并应用该聚合物制作了一种氟碳涂料,检测了涂膜的耐冲击性、附着力、柔韧性、硬度、光泽度等常规性能和耐蚀、耐候性能。研究发现,含氟自交联醋酸乙烯酯聚合物成膜时产生了较大取向作用,含氟基团向空气/聚合物界面伸展,对聚合物内部分子形成了很好的保护作用,使涂膜具有较高的防腐性能及优异的耐候、耐蚀性能。相对于纯醋酸乙烯酯聚合物,当氟含量为5.73%时,涂膜光泽度达98.2%,硬度2H,附着力1级,柔韧性1级,耐冲击性50 cm,表面能由0.3751 mN·cm^-1降低到0.1652 mN·cm^-1;经人工气候老化1600 h,涂膜的光泽保留率大于93%;经化学介质浸蚀360 h后,涂膜外观无变化。     

聚合物表面图案化:构建方法及在生物医学领域的应用

微、纳米图案化表面技术已经成为当今科学和技术领域研究的热点,其基础理论研究和应用都具有深远的意义。主要对近几年应用较为广泛的几种聚合物微/纳米图案化加工技术的研究进展做了较为全面的综述,介绍了这几种图案化表面的构建方法以及在生物医用领域的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

SiO_2/PAE杂化乳液及建筑涂料的制备

采用共混法制备无机-有机杂化乳液及无机建筑涂料,研究有机聚合物乳液添加量对涂膜性能的影响规律。研究发现,添加适量有机聚合物乳液可以很好地改善硅溶胶的成膜性能;FT-IR测试发现硅溶胶与聚合物乳液发生了氢键缔合,杂化涂膜中的硅溶胶发生了凝胶化反应,生成Si—O—Si空间网络结构,但仍残留硅羟基;SEM图表明当聚合物乳液含量为60%时,无机相在涂膜的表面富集并以团聚体的形式镶嵌于聚合物涂膜中,而当聚合物含量为40%时,无机相已经全部穿插在有机相中,相界面几乎消失;通过配方优化得到综合性能优异的建筑涂料。     

原子转移自由基方法合成聚合物刷的研究进展

从聚合物刷基底的选择和聚合方法的优化两方面介绍了原子转移自由基聚合方法合成聚合物刷的研究进展,讨论了聚合物刷在图案化材料表面、提高材料表面的生物相容性及其它方面的应用情况,并对其前景进行了展望.     

有机硅合成革涂层的原位构建及其性能

为实现合成革涂层材料的以“硅”代“碳”，以端乙烯基硅油（ViPDMSVi）、侧含氢硅油（PMHS）、侧乙烯基硅油（ViPMVSVi）、白炭黑等为原料，在热诱导下原位聚合制备了有机硅（PDMS）聚合物涂膜。通过力学性能、DSC、耐曲挠、耐磨、疏水防污等测试对PDMS聚合物涂膜的性能进行了表征，探究了ViPDMSVi、PMHS活性氢、双键与活性氢物质的量比、ViPMVSVi及白炭黑对PDMS聚合物涂膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及硬度的影响。结果表明，侧乙烯基硅油和白炭黑的质量分数分别为7%和40%时对PDMS聚合物涂膜力学性能的提升最为显著，优化条件下制得的PDMS聚合物涂膜拉伸强度为5.96 MPa，断裂伸长率为481%，合成革涂层表现出优异的低温曲挠性、耐磨性、疏水及防污性。     

聚合物涂膜干燥研究进展

评述了人们对于聚合物涂膜形成过程及干燥机理的认识 ,并以涂膜干燥过程的模拟、涂膜缺陷的形成、扩散系数的测定及估算等方面的研究进展为依据 ,讨论了聚合物涂膜干燥过程中需要进一步研究和开发的领域     

非异氰酸酯聚氨酯-环氧树脂涂膜的制备及性能研究

通过甲氧基聚丙二醇环碳酸酯与二乙烯三胺反应制备线型非异氰酸酯聚氨酯预聚体,再与环氧树脂作用形成互穿聚合物网络的杂化非异氰酸酯聚氨酯-环氧树脂涂膜。采用FTIR对产物的结构进行了表征,测定了涂膜的性能,并对涂膜断面进行了扫描电镜分析。该涂膜硬度(铅笔)≥H;耐冲击性为4.9J;对水、汽油、盐雾分别在96、48、500h不起泡、不变色、不脱落,对金属底材有优异的附着力。     

有机无机杂化涂料

热及辐射固化有机-无机杂合涂料组合物、其涂膜及涂膜的制备;有机-无机杂合树脂水分散体、其可固化树脂组合物、涂料及用其涂覆的制件;有机-无机杂合聚合物水分散体、可固化的聚合物组合物、涂料及涂覆的产品     

聚合物水泥防水涂料吸水性对力学性能的影响研究

从涂膜吸水率的角度对聚合物水泥防水涂料的性能影响进行分析和探讨。结果表明,聚合物水泥防水涂料的吸水率与浸水时间有直接正相关关系,随着浸水时间的增加,涂膜的拉伸强度、黏结强度都有不同程度的下降。不同的乳液类型对于涂膜的吸水率有不同的影响程度。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。