四种1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物的合成

以2，4-二氯苯甲醛和氨基硫脲为原料，经加成、FeCl3关环合成2-氨基-5-（2，4-二氯苯基）-1，3，4-噻二唑，然后再与取代水杨醛反应，合成了四种Schiff碱，并用^1HNMR和IR对其进行了结构鉴定。     

制备丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯的改进方法

在至少一种从稳定剂的存在下，用硫酸作为催化剂，用2-乙基己醇（2-EtOH）酯化丙烯酸（AA），得到丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯，得到的粗制反应混合物（B1）含有所需要的丙烯酸酯、2-EtOH、从、酸式硫酸-2-乙基己酯（2-EtSO4H）、微量硫酸和杂质。在萃取塔C2中用水洗涤（B1），     

愈创木酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成及加香应用研究

为了提高愈创木酚的稳定性，以乙酰溴-α-D-葡萄糖（Ⅱ）为糖基供体和愈创木酚（I）进行反应，分别尝试银盐法、相转移催化法和离子液体法制备愈创木酚-2, 3, 4, 6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅲ），糖苷（Ⅲ）脱乙酰基得到目标产物愈创木酚-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅳ）。中间体及产物结构经1HNMR、13CNMR、IR和HRMS确证。考察了糖苷Ⅳ的热稳定性和加香效果。结果表明：三种方法均可得到糖苷（Ⅲ），离子液体法优于相转移催化法及银盐法。离子液体法的反应条件为：1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[bmim]BF4）为催化剂，无水K2CO3为缚酸剂，二氯甲烷为溶剂，n（愈创木酚）: n（乙酰溴-α-D-葡萄糖）=1.0 : 1.0，室温反应 4 h，糖苷Ⅲ的收率为 52.6%。糖苷Ⅲ在甲醇钠/甲醇体系中脱去乙酰基，得到目标糖苷Ⅳ。热重-差示扫描量热（TG-DSC）研究表明糖苷Ⅳ在228℃以下具有较好的热稳定性。将糖苷Ⅳ添加于卷烟中能够改善香气品质。     

AMAT的硝化反应及其MNCIO的合成

2－乙酰基－7－甲胺基Zhou酮（AMAT）（1）与硝酸反应，得到2－乙酰基－7－基胺基－4－硝基恶酮（2）。谷物化合物2在碱性条件下水解，得到3－乙酰基－5－硝基Zhou酚酮（3）。化合物3与盐酸羟胺反应，得到3－甲基－5－硝基－8H－环庚并[d]异恶唑－8－酮（MNCIO）（4）。它们的结构均经红外光谱、核磁共振谱得到证实。其中化合物2是未见文献报道的新化合物。     

N-{5-[1-（2’，4’-二氯苯氧）乙基]-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-基}-N’-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

通过2-氨基-5-[1-（2’，4＇-二氯苯氧）乙基]-1，3，4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应，合成了9种新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲，初步的生物活性测定试验表明，部分化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性。     

从柠檬烯合成1-甲基-4-乙酰基-1-环己烯的研究

以柠檬烯为原料,用间氯过苯甲酸（MCPBA）在CH2Cl2中环氧化C1-C2双键进行保护,用KMnO4/NaIO4氧化C8-C9双键为乙酰基,然后脱去环氧变成双键,最后得到1-甲基0-乙酰基-1-环己烯（3）。GC含量为98．5％,总得率为60％,中间体和产物的结构经IR,^1HNMR、MS和元素分析证实。     

4—羟基—对—三联苯的合成

以对-三联苯和乙酰氯为原料，合成了4-羟基-对-三联苯。n(对-三联苯）：n(乙酰氯）=1.00:1.25，反应温度为45℃，反应时间5h，经升华提纯，得到4-乙酰基-对-三联苯，收率为76%。在40-50℃，4-乙酰基-对-三联苯经次溴酸钠氧化反应2h，得到4-羟基-对-三联苯，收率为78%，熔点315-316℃。通过核磁谱验证了产品的结构。     

氮苷1-（2’，3’，4’，6＇-O-四乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基）-咪唑的制备

以D-葡萄糖（Ⅰ）、醋酸酐为原料，在无水吡啶中制得中间体1，2，3，4，6-O-五乙酰基-D-葡萄糖（Ⅱ），收率为87．5％。在HBr／CH3COOH条件下对Ⅱ异头碳上的乙酰基进行溴代，制得1-溴-2，3，4，6，O-四乙酰基-D-葡萄糖（Ⅲ），不经分离，在相转移催化剂TEBA催化下，Ⅲ直接与2，4-二硝基苯酚反应得到酚苷1-O-0（2’，4＇-二硝基苯）-2，3，4，6-O-四乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅳ），最后Ⅳ与1-三甲基硅基-咪唑在无水四氯化锡的催化下，室温反应52h制得氮苷1-（2’，3’，4’，6＇-O-四乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基）-咪唑（Ⅴ），此步反应收率为90％。     

高性能铜萃取剂的一锅合成

以4-壬基酚、镁粉、多聚甲醛、硫酸羟胺为原料,无毒的260#油为溶剂,采用一锅法合成5-壬基水杨醛肟,产物不需要提纯分离就可以直接应用于铜的萃取工业。其较优的合成工艺条件为:n(4-壬基酚)∶n(镁)∶n(多聚甲醛)∶n(硫酸羟胺)=1∶0.6∶2.5∶0.55,甲酰化反应3 h,肟化反应2 h。以4-壬基酚质量计的5-壬基水杨醛肟收率为97.8%,GC纯度为90.9%,产物结构经IR,MS分析鉴定。     

潮州工夫茶杯中铅的溶出量测定

利用2-（2-羧基苯偶氮）-7-（4-乙酰基苯偶氮）-3,6-萘二磺酸（简称对乙酰基偶氮羧）光度法测定了潮州功夫茶杯中铅的溶出量,研究了茶杯中铅的溶出量与时间、温度之间的关系,并测定不同类型的茶杯在不同浸泡液中铅的溶出量。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.