掺铝氧化锌包覆LiFePO4的合成与性能（英文）

以简单的固相法合成了橄榄石结构LiFePO4,并以导电掺铝氧化锌材料(AZO)对其表面进行包覆。充放电结果显示,表面包覆大幅度改善了LiFePO4材料的倍率和低温性能。在20C高倍率条件下,AZO包覆LiFePO4的放电比容量可达100.9mA·h/g;在低温20°C时进行0.2C充放电,未包覆LiFePO4和AZO包覆LiFePO4的放电比容量分别为50.3mA·h/g和119.4mA·h/g。经分析,这可能是由于采用导电AZO包覆措施而增加了LiFePO4材料的电导率,从而极大地提高了其比容量。另外,导电AZO包覆措施还增加了LiFePO4材料的振实密度。这些结果表明AZO包覆LiFePO4材料是一种很好的适用于锂离子动力电池的正极材料。     

模拟废旧锂离子电池湿法冶金浸出液再生铝掺杂LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2正极材料

采用共沉淀法制备均相Al掺杂的LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2正极材料,以利用Al对再生镍钴锰(NCM)正极材料的正面改性作用,并改善锂离子电池回收过程中繁琐和高成本的除杂过程.当浸出液中的Al3+含量为过渡金属(Ni、Co和Mn)总量的1％(摩尔分数)时,制备的Al掺杂NCM正极材料中晶格氧和Ni2+的浓度增加...     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of nano-scale Ni(OH)2 doped with zinc

Nano-scale Ni(OH)₂ doped with Zn was prepared by precipitation transformation method and characterized by XRD and TEM. The electrochemical performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant current technology. The measurement results indicate that the lattice parameters of nano-scale Ni(OH)₂ are changed and the agglomeration of particles becomes obvious with the increased Zn-doped content. Compared with un-doped one, the discharge specific capacities of nano-scale Ni(OH)₂ doped with 10% Zn are enhanced by 8% and 6%, respectively, at the discharge rate of 0.2C and 3C. After 110 cycles, the discharge specific capacity of the sample doped with 10% zinc is still above 85% of its initial capacity discharged at 0.2C. Therefore, a suitable Zn-doped content is beneficial to improving the discharge performance of nano-scale Ni(OH)₂.     

Porous Li4Ti5O12 anode material synthesized by one-step solid state method for electrochemical properties enhancement

A porous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ anode material was successfully synthesized from mixture of LiCl and TiCl₄ with 70 wt% oxalic acid by a modified one-step solid state method. The anode material Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ exhibited a cubic spinel structure and only one voltage plateau occurred around 1.5 V. The initial capacity of porous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ was 167 and 133 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 and 1C charge/discharge rate, respectively, and the capacity retention maintained above 98% after 200 cycles. The porous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ structure showed promising rate performance with a capacity of 70 mAh g⁻¹ at charge/discharge 10C rate after 200 cycles. It was demonstrated that the porous structure could withstand 50C charge/discharge rate and exhibited excellent cycling stability.     

锂硫电池用气相生长碳纤维增强硫-多壁碳纳米管复合正极的影响(英文)

制备了锂硫电池用硫-多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料,并分别采用气相生长碳纤维(VGCFs)和导电炭黑作为复合正极的导电添加剂,通过形貌表征(SEM)、恒流充放电测试和交流阻抗分析(EIS)研究VGCFs对硫-多壁碳纳米管复合正极的影响。结果表明:采用VGCFs作添加剂的硫-多壁碳纳米管复合电极具有三维网状结构,其首次放电比容量为1254 mA·h/g,40次循环后容量保持在716 mA·h/g。与采用导电炭黑为添加剂的电极相比,采用VGCFs为添加剂的电极具有更高的活性物质利用率和更好的循环稳定性。相互搭接的纤维状VGCFs可形成稳定的导电网络,抑制正极材料及残存放电产物的团聚堆积,维持电极的多孔性,从而改善电池的电化学性能。     

Synthesis of polyindole and its evaluation for Li-ion battery applications

This study is intended to develop a polyindole-based Li-polymer secondary battery system, which has a high electromotive force together with excellent cycle property and is capable of fast charging and discharging. The batteries include polyindole as the cathode and Li as the anode. LiBF₄ was used as the electrolytic solution with about 3.0 V electromotive force. The battery achieves about 80–70 mAh/g at discharge current densities of 10–10³ A/m². As the theoretical capacity of polyindole is 84 mAh/g, its capacity occurrence rate is 95% at the discharge current density of 10 A/m² with a very high reaction rate. In addition, a discharge capacity at discharge current density of 10³ A/m² maintains 87% of capacity relative to that at 10 A/m². This indicates that this battery is excellent in fast charge and discharge properties. The cyclic life of the battery, which is measured at the current density of 10 A/m² with the discharge depth 60% at 25, is about 30,000 times. This shows the battery system has very excellent cycle property. Summarily, this Li–polyindole battery system would be promising in future applications such as hybrid electric vehicle with the development of the battery system.     

Mn3O4 doped with nano-NaBiO3: A high capacity cathode material for alkaline secondary batteries

In this paper we report a novel Mn₃O₄ electrode doped with nano-NaBiO₃. It is demonstrated that doping with nano-NaBiO₃ alters the electrochemical inertia of Mn₃O₄, converting it into a rechargeable secondary alkaline cathode material that exhibits highly efficient charge/discharge properties. While a pure Mn₃O₄ electrode can barely maintain a single charge and discharge cycle, the cycling capacity of the Mn₃O₄ electrode doped with nano-NaBiO₃ can reach and become stable at 372 mAh g⁻¹ under 60 mA g⁻¹. The doped cathode can also maintain a cycling capacity of 261 mAh g⁻¹ while holding a 95.3% reversible capacity after 60 cycles at a high rate of 500 mA g⁻¹. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that charging time for an alkaline battery using doped Mn₃O₄ cathode could possibly shorten to as little as 30 min.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C composite with network structure for lithium ion batteries

The bare LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composites with network structure were prepared by solid-state reaction. The crystalline structures, morphologies and specific surface areas of the materials were investigated by X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and multi-point brunauer emmett and teller（BET） method. The results show that the LiFePO4/C composite with the best network structure is obtained by adding 10% phenolic resin carbon. Its electronic conductivity increases to 2.86 × 10^-2 S/cm. It possesses the highest specific surface area of 115.65 m^2/g, which exhibits the highest discharge specific capacity of 164.33 mA.h/g at C/IO rate and 149.12 mA.h/g at 1 C rate. The discharge capacity is completely recovered when C/10 rate is applied again.     

Morphology control and electrochemical properties of nanosize LiFePO4 cathode material synthesized by co-precipitation combined with in situ polymerization

Nanosize carbon coated LiFePO₄ cathode material was synthesized by in situ polymerization. The as-prepared LiFePO₄ cathode material was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the morphology of the LiFePO₄ consists of primary particles (40-50 nm) and agglomerated secondary particles (100-110 nm). Each particle is evenly coated with an amorphous carbon layer, which has a thickness around 3-5 nm. The electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge testing. The as-prepared LiFePO₄ can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g, 150 mAh/g, and 134 mAh/g at 0.2 C, 1 C, and 2 C rates, respectively, and exhibits excellent cycling stability. At a higher C-rate (5 C) a slight capacity loss could be found. However after being charge-discharge at lower C-rates, LiFePO₄ can be regenerated and deliver the discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g at 0.2 C.     

Influence of Ti^4＋ doping on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

To improve the performance of LiFePO4, single phase Li1-4xTixFePO4/C (x=0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015) cathodes were synthesized by solid-state method. A certain content of glucose was used as carbon precursor and content of carbon in every final product was about 3.5%. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy observations(SEM), charge/discharge test, carbon analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results indicate that the prepared samples have ordered olivine structure and doping of the low concentration Ti~(4+) does not affect the structure of the samples. The electrochemical capabilities evaluated by charge-discharge test show that the sample with 1% Ti~(4+) (molar fraction) has good electrochemical performance delivering about an initial specific capacity of 146.7 mA·h/g at 0.3C rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement results show that the charge transfer resistance of the sample could be decreased greatly by doping an appropriate amount Ti~(4+).     

导电Ti3O5包覆纳米铝粉的制备及其作为双离子电池负极材料的电化学性能研究

铝被认为是下一代电池最有前途的负极材料之一, 本文中采用导电的Ti₃O₅作为外壳包覆纳米铝粉来制备Al@Ti₃O₅核壳结构材料, 并将其作为负极材料应用到双离子电池(DIB)中。使用中间相炭微球(MCMB)作为正极材料,Al@Ti₃O₅作为负极材料制作Al@Ti₃O₅-MCMB双离子电池。电池的放电平台可达4.5V, 在电流倍率0.5C下(电流基于正极石墨的理论比容量计算,1C=372mAhg^_-1)放电比容量达到130.6mAhg^_-1,比能量密度为278.8Whkg^_-1。并且在高倍率5C下循环1000次过程中容量基本保持110mAhg^_-1不变,循环后容量保持率达到92.9%。     

Structure and electrochemical performance of FeF3/V2O5 composite cathode material for lithium-ion battery

Orthorhombic structure FeF₃ was synthesized by a liquid-phase method using FeCl₃, NaOH and HF solution as starting materials, and the FeF₃/V₂O₅ composites were prepared by milling the mixture of as-prepared FeF₃ and the conductive V₂O₅ powder. The properties of FeF₃/V₂O₅ composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Results showed that the FeF₃/V₂O₅ composites can be used as cathode material for lithium-ion battery. Electrochemical measurements in a voltage range of 2.0–4.5 V reveal that the addition of conductive V₂O₅ improves significantly the electrochemical performance of FeF₃, and the FeF₃/V₂O₅ composite prepared by milling for 3 h exhibits high discharge capacity and good cycle performance, and its discharge capacity maintains about 209 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C (23.7 mA g⁻¹) after 30 cycles.     

A study on open circuit voltage reduction as a main drawback of Zn–polyaniline rechargeable batteries

The factors influencing the reduced open circuit voltage (OCV) of a Zn–polyaniline (PANI) rechargeable battery were investigated. The reduced OCV of battery at various number of charge/discharge cycles was measured and its relevance to the zinc anode and polymeric cathode was investigated. The results revealed that the battery OCV is reduced with the number of charge/discharge cycles. The composition of cathode surface and nature of electrolyte solution were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectrofluorimetric measurements, respectively. The decreased OCV was found cause by the cathode electrode. Although the SEM analysis showed that some zinc particles are adsorbed on the polymeric cathode electrode, this factor was not a major factor contribution to the OCV reduction. The spectrofluorimetric analysis of electrolyte solution revealed its increased hydroquinone (HQ) content with increasing charge/discharge cycles, as a result of the electrochemical degradation of the charged polyaniline. Consequently, the OCV of Zn–PANI rechargeable battery is reduced by chemical redox reaction of charged PANI with HQ.     

Synthesis of LiNi1/3CO1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material via oxalate precursor

Using oxalic acid and stoichiometrically mixed solution of NiCl2, CoCl2, and MnCl2 as starting materials, the triple oxalate precursor of nickel, cobalt, and manganese was synthesized by liquid-phase co-precipitation method. And then the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for Li-ion battery were prepared from the precursor and LiOH-H2O by solid-state reaction. The precursor and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 were characterized by chemical analysis, XRD, EDX, SEM and TG-DTA. The results show that the composition of precursor is Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3C2O4·2H2O. The product LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, in which nickel, cobalt and manganese are uniformly distributed, is well crystallized with a-NaFeO2 layered structure. Sintering temperature has a remarkable influence on the electrochemical performance of obtained samples. LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 synthesized at 900 ℃ has the best electrochemical properties. At 0.1C rate, its first specific discharge capacity is 159.7 mA·h/g in the voltage range of 2.75-4.30 V and 196.9 mA·h/g in the voltage range of 2.75-4.50 V; at 2C rate, its specific discharge capacity is 121.8 mA·h/g and still 119.7 mA·h/g after 40 cycles. The capacity retention ratio is 98.27%.     

微波热解法制备的炭涂层对LiNi_（1／3）Mn_（1／3）Co_（1/3）O_2性能的影响

报道了炭包覆锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_（1／3）Mn_（1／3）Co_（1/3）O_2的新工艺。炭涂层由前驱体葡萄糖通过微波热解而形成。采用x射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜、x射线荧光测试和恒流充放电测试来表征所制备的材料。XRD结果表明,炭包覆没有改变LiNi_（1／3）Mn_（1／3）Co_（1/3）O_2材料的相结构。SEM结果表明,炭包覆的LiNit／3Mnl／3Col／302颗粒表面变得粗糙。充放电测试结果显示,炭包覆的LiNi_（1／3）Mn_（1／3）Co_（1/3）O_2的循环性能与未包覆的相比得到提高。炭包覆的LiNi_（1／3）Mn_（1／3）Co_（1/3）O_2在0．2C倍率下循环50次的容量保持率由84．8％提升到95．5％,且高倍率下材料的容量保持率得到提高。     

Influence of pH value and chelating reagent on performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material

The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite cathode material was synthesized via sol-gel method using three different chelating agents (citric acid, salicylic acid and polyacrylic acid) at pH value of 3 or 7. The crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area and electrochemical performance of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge test. The results show that the effects of pH value on the performance of the prepared materials are greatly related to the chelating agents. With salicylic acid or polyacrylic acid as the chelating reagent, the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the samples are greatly influenced by the pH values. However, the structure of the materials with citric acid as the chelating agent does not change as pH value changes, and the materials own uniform particle size distribution and good electrochemical performance. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 113.58 mA·h/g at 10C, remaining as high as 108.48 mA·h/g after 900 cycles, with a capacity retention of 95.51%.     

Functionalised polyterthiophenes as anode materials in polymer/polymer batteries

A functionalised polyterthiophene, poly(3′-styryl-4,4″-didecyloxyterthiophene) (poly(OC₁₀DASTT)), was investigated as an anode coupled with a polypyrrole cathode in a battery with a lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) in 1:1 ethylene carbonate (EC):dimethylcarbonate (DMC) electrolyte. The polymer was electrodeposited on stainless steel mesh and Ni/Cu-coated nonwoven polyester fabric. A discharge capacity of 45.2 mAh/g was obtained for the battery constructed using poly(OC₁₀DASTT) on a Ni/Cu-coated fabric as the anode. An alternative anode material, poly(4,4″-didecyloxyterthiophene) (poly(OC₁₀STT)) was electropolymerised on Ni/Cu-coated fabric, and exhibited a maximum discharge capacity of 94.7 mAh/g. The capacity decreased for both polymers with repeated charge/discharge cycling. This deterioration is attributed to mechanical degradation of the polymer as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

A simple physical mixing method for MnO2/MnO nanocomposites with superior Zn2+ storage performance

MnO₂/MnO cathode material with superior Zn²⁺ storage performance is prepared through a simple physical mixing method. The MnO₂/MnO nanocomposite with a mixed mass ratio of 12:1 exhibits the highest specific capacity (364.2 mA·h/g at 0.2C), good cycle performance (170.4 mA·h/g after 100 cycles) and excellent rate performance (205.7 mA·h/g at 2C). Analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) data at various scan rates shows that both diffusion- controlled insertion behavior and surface capacitive behavior contribute to the Zn²⁺ storage performance of MnO₂/MnO cathodes. And the capacitive behavior contributes more at high discharge rates, due to the short paths of ion diffusion and the rapid transfer of electrons.     

Co2P: A facile solid state synthesis and its applications in alkaline rechargeable batteries

The Co₂P crystals are successfully synthesized by a facile solid state reaction. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) results indicate a mol ratio of 0.6686-0.3314 for Co to P, confirming the stoichiometric ratio of Co₂P. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests show that Co₂P exhibits a high maximum discharge capacity (C_max) of 223.5 mAh g⁻¹ and excellent cyclic properties with capacity retention of 97.9% (C₃₀₀/C_max) in the 300th cycle as an anode material in alkaline rechargeable batteries. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and XRD tests during full charge/discharge processes confirm a quasi-reversible redox mechanism between Co(OH)₂ and Co resulting from the conversion of Co₂P. The simultaneously produced P plays an important role in the whole process - with the reaction and dissolution in the electrolyte, it brings many new interspaces in Co₂P body to enlarge the contact area between the active material and the electrolyte, and make the electrochemical process easier and faster.     

活性炭-CNT/PEG/硫复合材料的制备与储锂性能研究

通过密封加热熔融的方式制备了添加CNT的活性炭/硫锂离子电池正极活性材料,并对其进行PEG包覆复合改性,制备了C-CNT/S(PEG)正极复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)图谱显示复合材料具有较强的非晶结构,且单质硫分散在碳材料的微孔之中。扫描电镜(SEM)显示CNT均匀分散在复合材料之中,并形成了三维导电结构。放电比容量测试显示CNT的加入提高了复合材料的放电比容量;PEG包覆的复合改性材料首次放电比容量高达1371.1 m Ah/g,循环50次后放电比容量为662.8 m Ah/g。说明添加CNT及PEG包覆复合改性,使活性炭/硫正极材料的电化学性能显著提高。