水泥基多孔复合材料吸波性能

对发泡型聚苯乙烯(expanded polystyrene,EPS)填充普通硅酸盐水泥制备的水泥基多孔复合材料的吸波性能进行了研究.为废弃的EPS二次开发利用以及建筑物的电磁波防护提供了新的途径.在微波暗室中用弓形反射法进行测试,研究了EPS的填充率、球径大小和样品厚度对吸波性能的影响.结果表明:EPS的填充率(体积分数)为60%,样品厚度为20 mm时的反射率最小,在8～18 GHz范围内,小于-10 dB的带宽达6 GHz,在18 GHz最小反射率达-15.27 dB.在EPS表面包覆一层导电薄膜后,有助于提高多孔材料的吸波性能.     

聚偏氟乙烯/导电炭黑填充聚偏氟乙烯层状复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体、导电炭黑(CB)为填料,制备了PVDF/CB复合材料。研究了导电粒子含量、PVDF/CB与纯PVDF层层叠合等因素对PVDF电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果显示,随着CB含量增加,PVDF/CB复合体系的屏蔽效能(SE)逐渐升高。根据电性能测试结果,导电粒子越多,体系的电阻率越低,因而对电磁波的反射作用增强,导致SE值提高。将质量分数为15%的CB填充的PVDF与纯PVDF按不同层厚比叠合成2层样品后进行电磁屏蔽测试发现,随着PVDF/CB层层厚增加,PVDF层层厚降低,层状体系的电磁屏蔽性能逐渐提高。与具有相同层厚度、相同CB含量的PVDF/CB复合体系相比,层状体系的屏蔽效果明显高于前者。与测试结果相比,理论曲线的趋势基本一致,但测试曲线中出现屏蔽峰的频率更低。分析认为,当电磁波作用在层状体系上时,PVDF/CB层中的CB粒子可能会影响到相邻PVDF层中的电荷移动,使其达到最大吸收需要更长的时间,这为宽频电磁屏蔽材料的制备提供了思路。     

聚醚酰亚胺对炭黑填充环氧树脂复合材料导电性能和吸波性能的影响

利用反应诱导方法设计制备了炭黑(CB)包覆环氧树脂(EP)微球/聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)(EP/PEI/CB)复合材料。研究了该复合材料的微观结构,测量了其导电性能及在Ka波段的吸波性能,并与CB填充EP(EP/CB)复合材料进行了对比。结果表明,在EP/PEI/CB中,CB选择性分布在PEI相中并形成较规则的立体网状连续相,EP为30μm左右大小的微球分散相,与EP/CB相比具有更低的体积电阻率。EP/PEI/CB属于一种谐振腔式吸波体,在33～40 GHz范围具有较好的吸波性能且优于EP/CB,最大吸收峰出现在35.61 GHz,峰值反射率(R)为–17.40 dB,吸收带宽3.22 GHz(R–10 dB).     

聚苯胺和聚吡咯导电高分子吸波材料进展

介绍了吸波材料的吸波机理及分类,总结了近年来导电高分子在电磁屏蔽领域的研究进展。重点概述了基于聚苯胺(PANI)、聚吡咯(PPy)的两大类导电高分子复合吸波材料,着重强调导电高分子组分的引入在一定程度上增强材料的介电损耗与电阻损耗,提高匹配阻抗,极大地改善材料吸波性能,最后指出导电高分子吸波材料的发展趋势。     

乙炔炭黑/铁氧体复合材料的阻抗匹配设计及其吸波性能研究

从阻抗匹配设计的角度,用铁氧体、乙炔炭黑(CB)等填充丁腈橡胶(NBR)制备了不同结构的吸波材料,用自由空间法测试了复合材料的吸波性能。结果表明:铁氧体的输入阻抗比CB的小,与自由空间的匹配较好;二层和四层结构的吸波材料明显好于单层结构的吸波材料的性能;二层和四层结构的吸波材料明显好于单层结构的吸波材料的性能,四层结构NBR/CB(100/25)复合材料的最大吸收衰减达到11.4 d B。     

共沉淀水热法制备锰锌铁氧体纳米晶及其表征

本研究采用成本低,污染少的共沉淀法制备锰锌铁氧体前驱体后再采用水热法制备出最终的纳米锰锌铁氧体粉末.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、复磁导率等测试手段对材料的形貌、粒径、和吸波性能进行了表征和分析.研究反应物的种类及配比对锰锌铁氧体吸波性能的影响,当反应物采用氯化锰、氯化锌、氯化铁,m(Mn)∶ m(Zn)∶ m(Fe) =4∶ 1∶10,得到Mn08Zn0.2Fe2O4粒子,透射电镜分析表明,其粒子呈球状,粒径在10 ～ 20 nm.网络矢量分析仪表明,当吸收厚度为2 mm时,锰锌铁氧体材料的吸波性能最佳.     

改性炭黑对水性聚氨酯涂膜导电性的影响

采用原位乳液合成法,以炭黑(CB)为芯材、聚氨酯(PU)为壁材,制备聚氨酯改性的炭黑粒子(CB-PU)。通过FTIR、TG、SEM、EDS等对样品进行了表征。结果表明,炭黑粒子表面成功包覆了聚氨酯层,改性后粒子粒径约为50~250 nm,改性粒子中聚氨酯质量分数为58.7%,CB-PU在水中的均匀分散性与稳定性相比CB明显提高。将改性前、后炭黑粒子与水性聚氨酯(WPU)涂料复合得到不同CB或CB-PU含量的导电涂料(CB/WPU、CB-PU/WPU),经涂覆、烘干得到导电膜材。结果显示,由于CB-PU在涂膜中分散性的提高,增大了涂料中导电粒子的网络密度和网络强度,CB-PU/WPU涂膜的导电性能显著提高;当保持体积电阻率约为3.3×103?·cm时,涂膜中CB的含量由CB/WPU中的12%(以PU的质量为基准,下同)下降到CB-PU/WPU中的6%。涂膜力学测试表明,纯WPU涂膜的断裂伸长率为487.5%,CB-PU/WPU涂膜为485.5%,而CB/WPU涂膜则下降到335.3%。     

Fe_3O_4纳米材料的制备与性能测定

用化学还原-共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米材料,用表面活性剂进行表面包覆处理,用红外光谱(IR)、电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)、磁强计(VXM)、微波矢量网络分析仪对材料相关性能进行了测定。研究结果表明,表面包覆的Fe3O4粉末平均粒径66nm左右,饱和磁化强度比未包覆的Fe3O4粉末高14%;将包覆的Fe3O4涂在厚度为0 9mm的铝片上,测定吸波性能,发现纳米晶粒的Fe3O4比微米晶粒的Fe3O4有更好的微波吸收特性,在微波X波段具有较强的吸收,吸波强度和吸波频率范围随Fe3O4涂层厚度增加而增大,面密度≤2 1kg/m2。     

聚酰亚胺/钛酸钡复合薄膜的制备及性能

将钛酸钡(BT)粒子与聚酰胺酸溶液共混,亚胺化后得到聚酰亚胺(PI)包覆的BT(PI@BT)粒子.分别以BT粒子和PI@BT粒子为改性填料,通过原位聚合法制备了PI/BT和PI/PI@BT复合薄膜,对比了两种复合薄膜的结构与性能.结果表明:PI@BT粒子具有明显的核壳结构,较BT在PI基体中分散更均匀,从而有效地提高了...     

单/双层水泥基平板的微波吸收性能

依据阻抗匹配原理与电磁波传播规律,提出表层透波、内层吸波的双层法设计,该设计具有电磁波吸收性能的层状水泥基平板结构.研究了硅灰和橡胶粉对表面层阻抗匹配的影响;同时还对碳纤维、钢纤维、碳纤维与铁氧体粉复合以及钢纤维与碳纤维复合作为内层吸收剂时,水泥基平板材料在8～18GHz频段内的吸波性能进行了研究.结果表明:硅灰和橡胶颗粒可以明显地改善水泥平板与自由空间的阻抗匹配:与单层相比,在相同碳纤维掺量时,双层吸波砂浆反射率下降-3dB左右;30%质量分数铁氧体与碳纤维复合作为吸波材料的损耗层的吸收剂,反射率在-10dB以下(12.5～18.0GHz),且随着入射频率的增加反射率下降.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。