钛酸锶钡多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的分离富集性能

研究了纳米钛酸锶钡多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的分离富集性能,考察了静态吸附和洗脱条件,将多孔微球填充于自制小柱,与注射器连接,制成手控注射式富集器,用于痕量Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的分离富集.结果表明,钛酸锶钡微球对水中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)具有很强的吸附能力,其吸附性能受介质的pH的影响,当pH≤2时,Cr(Ⅵ)...     

腐植酸树脂制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附性能

以水溶性酚醛树脂为交联固化剂,天然腐植酸为原料,制备了颗粒状腐植酸树脂;研究了该腐植酸树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)分离富集性能。结果表明:腐植酸树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)有较强的吸附能力,改变介质的pH,实现Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的分离富集。建立了腐植酸树脂分离富集,火焰原子吸收测定铬形态的新方法,用于自来水和清洁地表水中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的测定,结果满意。     

基于Cr(Ⅵ)/Cr(Ⅲ)价态转化的铬废水治理技术研究

将微纳米聚吡咯(PPy)分散在生物质凝胶体系中,构建光敏感的凝胶复合材料,利用PPy的光还原特性及Cr(Ⅵ)/Cr(Ⅲ)的价态转化,在凝胶材料内部实现Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附-光还原-固化-再吸附的循环富集过程,最终形成富集态的铬团簇。结果表明,相较于其他生物质,壳聚糖(CS)与PPy的复合能够有效吸附Cr(Ⅵ),壳聚糖的脱乙酰度越高吸附能力越强,最佳吸附条件为：50 mL浓度50 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液,吸附剂用量1.0 g,温度36℃,pH 3.3。SEM、UV-Vis光谱、红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱表征证实,CS与PPy可有效复合,复合材料具有宽泛的光吸收能力,吸附的Cr(Ⅵ)可光催化还原为Cr(Ⅲ),并可利用Cr的价态转化,进一步吸附Cr(Ⅵ),实现Cr团簇体的形成。     

腐植酸树脂制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附性能

以水溶性酚醛树脂为交联固化剂,天然腐植酸为原料,制备了颗粒状腐植酸树脂;研究了该腐植酸树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)分离富集性能。试验结果表明,腐植酸树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)有较强的吸附能力,改变介质的pH值,实现Cr(Ⅵ)和     

纳米ZrO2对金属离子吸附行为的研究

本文系统研究了纳米ZrO2在静态条件下对金属离子Cu(Ⅱ),Mo(Ⅵ),W(Ⅵ),Cr(Ⅵ),V(Ⅴ)的吸附行为,确定最佳的吸附和洗脱条件,测定静态吸附容量和富集倍数,探讨纳米ZrO2固相萃取分离富集痕量金属离子及处理无机污染物的可行性。     

离子交换微色谱柱法测定环境水样中无机态Cr(Ⅲ)

系统地研究了HD-8阳离子交换树脂分离富集Cr(Ⅲ)的最佳条件并确定了最佳吸附pH和洗脱液。研究了微型交换柱对Cr(Ⅲ)的富集倍率和富集限,以及有机物对Cr(Ⅲ)回收的影响。采用该分离富集方法及分光光度法测定了抚州西湖水和抚州自来水中Cr(Ⅲ)的含量,水样中Cr(Ⅲ)的加标回收率为99.5%~101%。     

离子交换-ICP发射光谱法测定水中微量Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)

本文研究了用国产树脂分离富集水中微量Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ),并用ICP发射光谱法直接测定洗脱液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的方法。文中用正交试验法选择离子交换条件,方法快速、准确。本方法可将0.05PPm数量级的Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)进行较完全的分离和有效的富集。适于环境监测工作中对有害铬的测定。     

纳米TiO_2预富集FAAS法测定痕量Mo(Ⅵ)的研究

采用FAAS法研究了纳米TiO2材料对溶液中痕量Mo(Ⅵ)的分离与富集性能,分别考察了酸度对吸附率、解脱剂浓度和温度对Mo(Ⅵ)回收率、干扰离子对Mo(Ⅵ)含量测定等的影响,并对实际水样中钼离子进行了分离、回收和FAAS法检测。研究结果表明,纳米TiO2可定量吸附Mo(Ⅵ),当pH值约为1.0时,吸附率达到最大;以NaOH为解脱剂,当浓度大于0.2 mol/L,在室温下解脱振荡10 min,Mo(Ⅵ)的回收率达到最大值;除磷以外大多数共存离子不影响Mo(Ⅵ)含量的测定;在优化实验条件下,纳米TiO2对Mo(Ⅵ)的静态吸附容量为1.04 mg.g-1,FAAS法对Mo(Ⅵ)的检出限为12.0 ng.mL-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%(n 6,含Mo为5.0μg.mL-1)。     

离子交换树脂分离富集Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的研究和应用

文章较系统地研究了201×8阴离子交换树脂、HD-8阳离子交换树脂分离富集Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的最佳条件,探讨了洗脱液的选择,减压微型交换柱对铬的富集倍率和富集限,Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的淋洗曲线,有机物存在对Cr(Ⅲ)回收的影响以及共存离子的最大允许量,最后还结合二苯碳酰二肼光度法用水样分别上阴柱和阳柱测定了西湖水和自来水中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的含量,水样中Cr(Ⅵ)加标回收率在97%～99%。     

QCS-TBT有机无机杂化膜对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出一系列季铵化壳聚糖-钛酸正丁酯有机无机杂化膜,该杂化膜能够较好地对水中Cr(Ⅵ)进行化学和物理吸附。研究了杂化膜中钛酸正丁酯含量、溶液pH值、吸附时间和Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始浓度等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附能力的影响。结果表明:当Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为40mg/L时,钛酸正丁酯质量分数为20%、pH值为3,吸附时间为3.5h时,该有机无机杂化膜最佳吸附量为15.6mg/g。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.