一种磁性纳米药物载体的阿霉素吸附与脱附实验

研究化疗药物阿霉素在磁性纳米微球表面的吸脱附行为.测定常温时磁性微球静态交换动力学曲线、吸附等温线,求得磁性微球液膜吸附的平衡速率常数为k=0.0072min-1及吸附等温线方程为1/q=0.1305C-1e 0.0054.测定静态脱附曲线,经超声多次脱附实验的结果是阿霉素浓度维持在13ug/ml.透射电镜(TEM)可观察到吸附前后的形貌的不同,激光粒度仪测定磁性微球聚集体的粒径平均为782.3nm.结果表明:阿霉素在磁性微球表面的吸附符合Langmuir型吸附,载药微球在水中可以缓慢释放药物,并且保持了亚微米级的粒径.     

硼酸盐玻璃转化制备中空羟基磷灰石微球的研究

利用锂钙硼玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备表面多孔且中空的羟基磷灰石(HAP)微球,通过XRD、SEM和BET对微球的物相组成、形貌和球壳的孔结构进行了表征.结果表明,微球具有良好的中空结构,600℃热处理后,微球球壳完全由HAP晶体组成,并显示出一定的机械强度(单个微球的抗压强度达到(2.1±0.6)MPa),球壳的气孔率为85%,平均孔径60nm.此外,对中空HAP微球的形成机理进行了分析.在磷酸盐溶液中,玻璃表面原位生成Ca-P-OH水化物,并在玻璃表面原来Ca2+的位置沉积下来,形成微球壳,而由Li+和B3+占据的位置,因其溶出形成孔隙.这样的结构将使之成为贮库型药物释放系统的载体.     

在交联聚乙烯醇微球表面接枝聚合甲基丙烯酸及接枝微球对含氮代谢及药物分子吸附特性的初探

交联聚乙烯醇(CPVA)微球是一种生物相容性聚合物微球,利用其表面大量的羟基,与铈盐构成氧化还原引发体系,实现了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的表面引发接枝聚合,制备了接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA.采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及zeta电位测定等法,对接枝微球的化学结构及物理化学特性进行了表征.初步考察了接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA对代谢分子肌酐(Cr)及药物分子5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的吸附性能,分析了吸附机理.实验结果表明,较大的pH值范围内,接枝微球CPVA-g-PMAA的zeta电位为绝对值较大的负值,即其表面携带高密度的负电荷.受静电相互作用的驱动,接枝微球CP-VA-g-PMAA对含N的Cr及5-FU分子表现出很强的吸附能力.     

复合CaCO3法制备医用多孔明胶微球

采用W/O型乳化-固化法制备了明胶CaCO3复合微球,将此复合微球用盐酸处理除去表面CaCO3,得到多孔的明胶微球.以差示扫描量热法、热重分析、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法对复合微球和多孔明胶微球的物理性质进行了表征,同时探讨了多孔明胶微球的合成机理.结果表明,两种微球中均含有CaCO3;扫描电镜显示,微球表面呈多孔结构,粒径在20～40μm之间.     

空心玻璃微球表面功能化及其应用研究进展

空心玻璃微球是一种新型无机非金属材料,具有质轻、高强、隔热、耐腐蚀、流动性好等特性,具有广阔的应用前景.对空心玻璃微球进行表面功能化可进一步扩展其应用领域.综述了空心玻璃微球表面包覆、表面接枝、表面镀膜、表面沸石化等改性方法,并就其在隐身、环境等领域的应用进行了探讨.     

ABZ/PPENK微球的制备及其表征

研究了乳化溶剂挥发法制备ABZ-PPENK微球的方法。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱表征了ABZ-PPENK微球的形态及结构,利用光学显微镜计算了微球的粒径分布,并筛分出不同粒径段的ABZ-PPENK微球,计算了微球的载药量与包封率。制备的ABZ-PPENK微球,表面光滑、球形圆整,制得的微球平均粒径为9.9μm,微球粒径接近正态分布,ABZ药物完全被包裹在PPENK微球之中,且载药量与包封率均较高。     

超临界CO2抗溶剂法制备紫杉醇缓释微球

采用超临界流体强制分散溶液技术,以D,L-聚乳酸和D,L-聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物为载体材料,分别制备了紫杉醇缓释微球.通过扫描电镜、激光粒度仪检测微球外形及粒径分布;紫外吸光度法测量其载药量和包封率,恒温振荡透析法检测药物的体外释放性能;MTT法检测载药微球对Hela细胞的抑制作用.实验表明,两种载体的缓释微球球形度均较好,表面光滑,平均粒径较小,且粒径分布较窄.以聚乳酸和共聚物为载体的缓释微球载药量分别为5.4%±0.3%和5.3%±0.4%,包封率分别为51%±3%和45%±3%;药物释放呈缓释模式,共聚物载药微球药物释放速率较快.MTT法检测结果表明,载药微球对Hela细胞的增殖有明显抑制,共聚物载药微球对细胞增殖抑制更为明显.     

阿霉素磁性海藻酸钠纳米微球的制备与性能

为了增强化疗药物靶向治疗肿瘤效果,减少毒副作用,本文采用微乳方法制备了负载阿霉素的磁性靶向药物微球.系统考察了海藻酸钠、乳化剂浓度、药物投入量等因素对所制微球性质的影响,并对微球的性能进行了表征.结果表明,选择最优化的制备条件,可得平均粒径约为185nm、外观为球型、铁含量为16.5%、载药量为¨.9%的阿霉素磁性纳米微球.该微球具有强磁响应性和长时间药物缓释效果.这种阿霉素磁性纳米微球粒径小,分散性好,具有磁靶向功能,有望成为一种优良靶向肿瘤的药物载体.     

生物模板法制备具有特殊表面形貌的二氧化硅中空微球

利用油菜花粉作为生物模板,通过溶胶在花粉颗粒表面包裹,再经高温烧结去除花粉颗粒的方法制备了具有特殊表面形貌的二氧化硅中空微球. 并通过调节溶胶中醇盐与水的比例,实现了不同表面形貌的二氧化硅中空微球的制备. 利用差热（DSC）、热重（TG）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等对花粉颗粒和所制备的二氧化硅中空微球进行了表征,并对不同表面形貌的形成机理进行了探讨. 结果表明,花粉内壁在200℃时即可完全消除,从而形成中空结构,而外壁及其表面的网格状结构在较高温度仍能保持完好,从而保证该结构在微球表面的复制,而溶胶浓度则是形成微球表面不同形貌的决定因素,随着胶体粒子在花粉表面沉积量的不同,微球表面的微孔结构也将随之变化.     

聚苯乙烯微球化学制备及镀镍工艺研究

在聚苯乙烯微球表面进行化学镀镍可以制备磁性微球.采用此方法,能将聚苯乙烯的轻质的优点和镍的磁性结合起来.同时,此方法还具有如下优点:操作简单、反应条件易于控制.采用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了微球的表面形貌.考察了施镀温度、镀液浓度、镀液pH值对结果的影响.     

Near‐Infrared Light Triggers Release of Paclitaxel from Biodegradable Microspheres: Photothermal Effect and Enhanced Antitumor Activity

Despite advances in controlled drug delivery, reliable methods for activatable, high‐resolution control of drug release are needed. The hypothesis that the photothermal effect mediated by a near‐infrared (NIR) laser and hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNSs) could modulate the release of anticancer agents is tested with biodegradable and biocompatible microspheres (1–15 µm) containing the antitumor drug paclitaxel (PTX) and HAuNSs (≈35 nm in diameter), which display surface plasmon absorbance in the NIR region. HAuNS‐containing microspheres exhibit a NIR‐induced thermal effect similar to that of plain HAuNSs. Rapid, repetitive PTX release from the PTX/HAuNS‐containing microspheres is observed upon irradiation with NIR light (808 nm), whereas PTX release is insignificant when the NIR light is switched off. The release of PTX from the microspheres is readily controlled by the output power of the NIR laser, duration of irradiation, treatment frequency, and concentration of HAuNSs embedded inside the microspheres. In vitro, cancer cells incubated with PTX/HAuNS‐loaded microspheres and irradiated with NIR light display significantly greater cytotoxic effects than cells incubated with the microspheres alone or cells irradiated with NIR light alone, owing to NIR‐light‐triggered drug release. Treatment of human U87 gliomas and MDA‐MB‐231 mammary tumor xenografts in nude mice with intratumoral injections of PTX/HAuNS‐loaded microspheres followed by NIR irradiation results in significant tumor‐growth delay compared to tumors treated with HAuNS‐loaded microspheres (no PTX) and NIR irradiation or with PTX/HAuNS‐loaded microspheres alone. The data support the feasibility of a therapeutic approach in which NIR light is used for simultaneous modulation of drug release and induction of photothermal cell killing.     

多壳层化中空微球两相陶瓷生物材料制备研究

利用硅灰石(CaSiO₃)和β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)在骨损伤环境中降解速率存在显著性差异的基本特性, 以海藻多糖凝胶球为模板, 运用层-层包裹方法构建CaSiO₃、β-TCP交替包裹的多壳层化中空微球。首先, 将海藻酸钠与硅酸钠的混合水溶胶逐滴加入到温和搅拌的硝酸钙水溶液中, 形成由水合硅酸钙盐为壳层的海藻多糖基复合微球, 然后将该复合微球依次浸入到含β-TCP的海藻酸钠溶液和含CaSiO₃的海藻酸钠溶液中, 温和搅拌后将微球悬浮液分离, 再经真空冷冻干燥和850℃煅烧处理, 从而获得以CaSiO₃为最内壳层并具有双壳层或三壳层的中空微球。按类似步骤也可以制备以β-TCP为最内壳层的多壳层中空微球。运用SEM、EDX、XRD和FTIR对该类微球的微结构和组成进行了分析。运用弱酸性Tris缓冲液(pH=5.2)对双壳层中空微球的降解。实验证明, 缓冲液中硅、磷浓度变化特征与其外壳层、内壳层化学组成(即β-TCP或CaSiO₃)密切相关。本研究结果对构建降解速率阶段可调的复合陶瓷多孔生物材料以及研究原位骨再生效率与孔道网络演化规律之间关系等具有重要学术价值。     

Evaluation of PLGA microspheres as delivery system for antitumor agent-camptothecin

Camptothecin (CPT) and its analogues are a new class of anticancer agents that have been identified over the past several years. Camptothecin exists in two forms depending on the pH: An active lactone form at pH below 5 and an inactive carboxylate form at basic or physiological neutral pH. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres have been considered good delivery vehicles for CPT because of acidic microenvironment formed through PLGA degradation. The objective of this study is to investigate antitumor activity of CPT after it is encapsulated in PLGA microspheres. In this study, PLGA microspheres containing various CPT loadings were prepared and characterized. Cytotoxicity of these microspheres to B16 melanoma cells was then evaluated, and uptake of microspheres by B16 cells was also studied. Analysis of drug stability revealed that CPT is released from the microspheres in its active lactone form over the entire release duration. It was also found that there was no interaction between CPT and PLGA matrix within microspheres through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourien Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hign performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies. Cytotoxicity assay showed that CPT encapsulated in PLGA microspheres still retained its antitumor potency. Uptake study revealed quick uptake of the microspheres by B16 cells, which was desirable. It was concluded that PLGA microspheres were suitable delivery vehicles to stabilize and deliver CPT for the treatment of cancer.     

The synthesis and photocatalytic activity of ZnSe microspheres

This paper reports the synthesis of semiconductor ZnSe microspheres composed of nanoparticles via a solvothermal route between the organic molecule selenophene (C(4)H(4) Se) and ZnCl(2) without adding any surfactant. The ZnSe microspheres were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), specific surface area measurement, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. A strong and broad blue PL emission at 443 nm in wavelength (～2.79 eV in photon energy) is attributed to the near-band-edge (NBE) emission of ZnSe, while the 530 nm peak is a defect-related (DL) emission. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared ZnSe microspheres was evaluated by photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light and visible light irradiation. The degradations of MO reach 94% or 95.1%, close to 100%, in the presence of the as-synthesized ZnSe microspheres or commercial ZnSe powder after 7 or 10 h under UV irradiation, respectively. Meanwhile the degradations of MO reach 94.3% or 60.6% in the presence of the as-synthesized ZnSe microspheres or commercial ZnSe powder after 12 h, respectively. The degradation rate of ZnSe microspheres is twice that of ZnSe commercial powder under UV light irradiation, and three times under visible light irradiation. The degradation process of MO dye on ZnSe microspheres under UV or visible light is also discussed.     

分级介孔结构组成的ZnO微球及光催化性能

以硝酸锌、脲素及酒石酸为反应物, 采用水热法制备碱式碳酸锌前驱体微球, 通过煅烧前驱体制备了介孔氧化锌微球。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)可以观察到, 氧化锌微球的直径约为2~4 μm, 由大量厚度约为10 nm的介孔纳米片组装而成。X 射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)结果表明: ZnO微球为六方纤锌矿结构, 并结晶较好。比表面积测试(BET)表明ZnO微球为介孔材料, 孔径为20~50 nm, ZnO微球比表面积约为29.8 m²/g。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物, 对介孔氧化锌微球进行了光催化降解实验。实验结果表明, 所合成的介孔ZnO微球对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能较好。     

pH dependent hydrolysis and drug release behavior of chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) polymer network microspheres

Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) microspheres of chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) PEG were prepared for controlled release of drugs. A new method for the chemical crosslinking of chitosan microspheres containing isoniazid (INH) as a model drug is proposed and evaluated. The method consists of the exposure of microspheres to the vapor of crosslinking agent that act in gaseous phase under mild conditions. The structural analysis of the microspheres was carried out by FTIR-analysis. The swelling behavior, hydrolytic degradation, structural changes of the microspheres and loading capacity (LC) of the microspheres for INH were investigated. The prepared microspheres have shown 93% drug loading capacity, which suggested that these semi-IPN microspheres are suitable for controlled release of drugs in an oral sustained delivery system. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合微球的原位仿生制备及表征

为解决纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(nHA/CS)复合微球中nHA团聚及分散不均的问题, 本研究在油包水的乳液体系中, 原位仿生制备了nHA/CS复合微球, 并与共混法制备的nHA/CS复合微球进行了对比研究。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FTIR)和激光粒度仪等手段对不同微球的理化性能进行表征。结果表明: 相比共混法, 原位仿生制备的nHA/CS复合微球形态圆整均匀, 分散性好, 粒径分布较窄, 平均粒径为8.62 μm, nHA晶体均匀分布在微球内部及表面, 并与CS基质以化学键结合。该复合微球有望用于骨组织工程及药物控制释放。     

Convenient preparation and photoluminescence properties of polymer microspheres based on europium complex

The preparation and properties of luminescent polystyrene (PS) composite microspheres with rare earth (RE) organic complexes Eu(DBM)₃(Phen) (DBM = dibenzoylmethanate, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) entrapped in the microspheres are presented. The luminescent composite microspheres are readily obtained by the soaking pre-existing particles method. The morphologies of resulting composite microspheres are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope. The photoluminescence properties of the composite microspheres are also investigated. The results show that the existence of the rigid PS matrix can improve the photostability of the RE complex under UV irradiation and elongate the fluorescence lifetime of the RE complex. The improvement of the properties, the convenient preparing method, and brilliant red emission make the composite microspheres promising candidates for in cellulo applications.     

两种核-壳结构复合微球对聚丙烯的改性研究

以吸附自组装和共缩聚法制备的PS/MCM-41-g-MPS和P(St-MPS)/MCM-41两种具有不同界面作用的"核-壳"结构复合微球为填料,对聚丙烯(Polypropylene, PP)进行改性,研究了复合微球种类及用量对PP力学与结晶性能的影响.结果表明:两种复合微球的添加均可以显著提高PP的力学性能,在复合微球...