尼龙／乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐共混体系的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机利用熔融挤出法制备了增韧的尼龙66／乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐共混物（PA66／EV－g-MAH）。实验结果表明，未经接枝改性的EVA与PA66是不相容的，对增韧PA66几乎没有贡献，而EVA－g-MAH则出现了明显的增韧效果。在熔融挤出过程中，PA66与EVA－g-MAH发生了原位化学反应，生成了PA66－EVA共聚物，这种共聚物细化了分散相尺寸，使得分散相在PA66基体中分散得更均匀，提高了两相的相容性，同时增强了丙相界面间的结合力，便利应力能够在两相产有效地传递，这种界面形态的改善直接影响到共混物力学性能的变化。随着EVA－g-MAH含量的增加，PA66/EVA-g-MAH共混物的冲击强度提高，当PA66／EVA－g-MAH的共混比为70／30（质量比）进，体系发生了脆韧转变，冲击强度达到了最大，比纯PA66、PA66／EVA（70／30）共混物提高了12倍。和PE－g-MAH、PP-g-MAH相比，EVA-g-MAH对PA66的增韧效果最好。     

PP-g-MAH增容PET/PA66共混体系的研究

采用单螺杆挤出机熔融接出制备了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAH)。用PP－g-MAH增容PET／PA66制备了PET/PA66／PP－g-MAH共混物。利用扫描电镜观察共混物的形态结构发现，PP－g-MAH的加入改善了PET与PA66的相容性。力学性能测试结果表明，加入15％的PP－g-MAH，使PET／PA66／PP－g-MAH的冲击强度比PET／PA66提高2倍多，弯曲强度，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均得到改善，可得到综合性能较好的共混材料。     

SMA增容PPO／PA66合金的结构与性能 Ⅰ相形态和结晶结构

用挤出－注塑方法制备了SMA增容PPO／PA66塑料合金。用SEM、DSC研究了PPO／PA66＝30．70、50／50、70／30（质量）共混物的相形态和PA66结晶结构随SMA用量（Cs）的变化。结果表明，在Cs＝0－10％（质量）范围内，SMA能使富PA66和等配比共混物中的粒子细化、界面粘接改善，对于等配比共混物作用更明显；也能使富PPO共混物由两相共连续转变为酶（PA66）－岛（PPO）结构，获得PPO粒子精细分散的相形态；富PPO共混物中PA66结晶度Cs的先降低后升高，是与相形态发生的上述变化相关联和互为印证的。     

SMA增容PPO／PA66合金的结构与性能 Ⅱ．力学和耐热性能

用马来酸酐接枝聚苯乙烯（SMA）增容PPO／PA66，能明显提高PPO／PA66共混物的强度，刚性和韧性，对于富PPO共混物尤为明显；共混物的热变形温度随PPO含量增加而升高，随SMA用量增加而降低，根据共混物形态结构随PPO和SMA含量的变化，对共混物的增容和增塑效应进行了分析，并讨论了其作用机理。     

PA66／PP／POE—MAH合金的形态结构与力学性能

通过直接共混法制备了PA66／PP／POE－MAH合金，性能测试表明PA66／PP／POE－MAH合金的常温及低温缺口冲击强度较原PA66有较大提高，而吸水率则明显下降，拉伸强度变化不大。DSC测试显示，POE－MAH可降低PA66及PP的熔点及热焓，表明POE－MAH影响着PA66和PP的两相界面作用和结晶行为，SEM照片显示分散相粒径大小及两相界面结构与POE－MAH含量相关。     

新型PA6/PPO合金的研制

采用最新的相容化技术和掺混技术，在尼龙6（PA6）和聚苯醚（PPO）树脂中，加入自制的相容剂，复合增韧剂等，经双螺杆挤出机共混制备出PA6／PPO含量。讨论了相容剂种类及用量，PPO用量，增韧剂的种类对PA6／PPO合金性能的影响。结果表明，当PPO用量为45％，相容剂用量为5％，复合增韧剂用量为10％时，合金的综合性能较好，合金的缺口冲击强度为33.4kJ/m^2，拉伸强度为48.7MPa，弯曲强度为72.0MPa弯曲弹性模量为1750MPa，介绍了PA6／PPO合金的用途。     

PPO/PA合金的研制

比较了三条技术路线、PPO／PA质量比、各种抗冲击剂对PPO／PA合金性能的影响。应用FTIR．Molau实验、DSC曲线证实了改性反应原理及增容作用。结果表明：在双螺杆挤出机中，聚苯醚(PPO)与马来酸酐(MAH)接枝反应，然后与聚酰胺(PA66)、SEBS挤出共混，制成的PPO／PA合金，抗冲击性能高。     

SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH对PPO/PA66合金性能影响的研究

在双螺杆挤出机上采用共混挤出的方法制备了苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)和马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)增韧的聚苯醚(PPO)/聚酰胺66(PA66)合金。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察和吸水性实验,研究了SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH及其含量对PPO/PA66合金性能的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH增韧PPO/PA66合金体系的力学性能较好,吸水率较小。     

尼龙1212/EPDM-g-MAH共混体系的制备及性能研究

制备了尼龙（PA）1212／EPDM－g-MAH共混物，并对其力学性能、热性能及共混形态进行了研究，结果表明，增韧剂的加入使共混物的缺口冲击强度显著增大，当增韧剂含量为20％时，缺口冲击强度为74．98kJ/m^3，是纯PA1212的13．5倍；用二甲苯处理过的共混物试样断面很不平坦，有很多孔洞和类纤维体，说明弹性体粒子以球状分散于基体树脂中。     

PFPA1212/SEBS-g-MAH共混合金力学性能和微观结构的研究

制备了石油发酵尼龙1212／SEBS－g-MAH共混合,工对其力学性能和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明，随着增韧剂含量的增加，共混合金的制品冲击强度显著提高，当增韧剂含量为25％时，缺口冲击强度为61.26kJ/m^2，是纯尼龙1212的15倍，拉伸强度保持率是纯尼龙1212的90％。微观结构研究表明，尼龙1212的断裂属于韧性断裂，增韧后的尼龙1212制品冲击断面有明显的应力发白现象，冲击强度提高的主要原因在于应力集中点的增多。     

SEBS-g-MAH和EP复合增容PA610/PC合金的研究

选用SEBS-g-MAH和EP为复合增容剂,采用熔融挤出的方法制备了PA610/PC合金,研究了该合金的力学性能、熔融结晶及微观结构形态。结果表明,当PA610/SEBS-g-MAH(EP)/PC组分比为75/9(2)/25时,合金的冲击强度比不加增容剂时提高了281.4%,断裂伸长率提高了346.0%。而增容剂的加入使合金中PA610的结晶温度升高,结晶速率增大而结晶度降低,由于异相成核作用使结晶发生细化,使得韧性提高、熔点降低。微观结构形态研究表明,在只加入SEBS-g-MAH的PA610/PC合金中,合金断面有很多PC被拔出及余留空洞的现象;在加入EP协同增容后,PC被拔出的现象减少,与PA610基体的界面粘合增强,空洞消失。     

玻纤增强PA66/PBT合金的相形态及力学性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了玻纤增强聚己二胺己二酸(PA66)/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)合金,研究了自制相容剂对玻纤增强PA66/PBT合金力学性能及相形态的影响。DSC及SEM结果表明,加入5%自制容剂能有效增容PA66和PBT,减少分散相的相尺寸,使合金的力学性能特别是合金的冲击性能达到甚至超过玻纤增强PA66的力学性能,同时合金的吸水率随合金体系中PBT用量的增加而大幅降低。     

PPE-g-MAH相容剂对增强PPE/PA66合金体系性能影响的研究

聚苯醚(PPE)与尼龙66(PA66)相容性较差,需要添加相容剂来提高PPE与PA66合金材料的界面相容性,研究了不同含量的相容剂对PPE/PA66合金性能的影响并确定了最佳配比。比较了不同含量的马来酸酐接枝聚苯醚(PPE-g-MAH)相容剂对PPE/PA66合金材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度、非缺口冲击强度、热变形温度(HDT)、熔体质量流动速率(MFR)的影响;比较了不同接枝率的PPE-g-MAH相容剂与不同特性黏度的PPE树脂对PPE/PA66合金材料性能的影响。结果表明:力学强度随PPE-g-MAH相容剂含量的增加先增加后趋于稳定,PPE-45/PA66体系中力学强度普遍优于PPE-35/PA66体系;PPE-g-MAH相容剂质量分数为10%时,力学强度最佳。HDT随PPE-g-MAH相容剂含量的增加呈下降趋势,PPE-35/PA66体系的HDT低于PPE-45/PA66体系;而MFR随PPE-g-MAH相容剂含量的增加呈线性递增趋势,PPE-35/PA66体系的MFR优于PPE-45/PA66体系。     

Functionalized elastomeric compatibilizer in PA 6/PP blends and binary interactions between compatibilizer and polymer

Superior impact properties were obtained when maleic anhydride grafted styrene ethylene/butylene styrene block copolymer (SEBS-g-MAH) was used as a compatibilizer in blends of polyamide 6 (PA 6) and isotactic polypropylene (PP), where polyamide was the majority phase and polypropylene the minority phase. The optimum impact properties were achieved when the weight relation PA:PP was 80:20 and 10 wt% SEBS-g-MAH was added. The blend morphology was systematically investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the compatibilizer forms a cellular structure in the PA phase in addition to acting as an interfacial agent between the two polymer phases. In this cellular-like morphology the compatibilizer appears to form the continuous phase, while polyamide and polypropylene form separate dispersions. In microscopy, PA appeared as a fine dispersion and PP as a coarse dispersion. The mechanical properties indicated that in fact PA, too, is continuous, and the blend can be interpreted as possessing a modified semi-interpenetrating network (IPN) structure with separate secondary dispersion of PP. The coarser PP dispersion plays an essential role in impact modification. Binary blends of the compatibilizer and one blend component were also investigated separately. The same cellular structure was observed in the binary PA/SEBS-g-MAH blends, and SEBS-g-MAH again appeared to form the continuous phase when the elastomer concentration was at least 10 to 20 wt%. By contrast, in PP/SEBS-g-MAH only conventional dispersion of elastomeric SEBS-g-MAH was observed up to 40 wt% elastomer. Impact strength was improved and the elastic modulus was lowered in both PA/SEBS-g-MAH and PP/SEBS-g-MAH blends when the elastomer content was increased. The changes in modulus indicate that the semi-IPN-like structure is formed in the binary PA/SEBS-g-MAH blends as well as in the ternary structure.     

ZnO、PA6及APP对聚丙烯的协同阻燃作用研究

以苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)为增容剂,研究了氧化锌(ZnO)、聚酰胺6(PA6)及聚磷酸铵(APP)对聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,并观察了复合材料的微观结构。结果表明:加入1%的ZnO可以在一定程度上提高APP/PP复合材料的阻燃性,而加入10%的PA6后,APP/ZnO/PP复合材料的氧指数(OI)可提高到36.8%,经5%SEBS-g-MAH增容后,PA6/APP/ZnO/PP复合材料OI值可进一步提高至38.9%;APP的加入明显降低了PP的拉伸强度和冲击强度,但ZnO、PA6和SEBS-g-MAH的加入可以显著改善APP/PP复合材料的力学性能;ZnO的加入提高了PP炭层的致密性,而添加PA6后,炭层呈现明显的片状致密结构。     

Interfacial modification of high density polyethylene/glass fiber reinforced and non reinforced polyamide 66 blends

High density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyamide (PA66) are well known to be incompatible. An ionomer (Surlyn) was added as a compatibilizer to HDPE and glass fiber reinforced (HDPE/GFRPA66) and non‐reinforced (HDPE/PA66) blends. Two compositions were considered: 25/75 wt % and 75/25 wt %, with an emphasis on the former formulation. The influence of the compatibilizer on the rheology, thermal properties, and the morphology, as well as mechanical properties of the blends, was investigated using melt flow index measurements, DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and impact strength. The ionomer was found to be more effective as a compatibilizer with HDPE as a minor phase compared to the case when HDPE becomes the major phase. The results indicated that the interfacial properties of the blends were improved, with a maximum appearing at a critical concentration of the ionomer (7.5 vol %). At this level of compatibilization, SEM analysis revealed better interfacial adhesion and a finer dispersion. MFI results revealed a probable reaction between the amine groups of PA66 and the acid functions of the ionomer. The mechanical properties support the above results and showed that the addition of 25 wt % HDPE did not affect the properties of PA66 much and the presence of glass fiber did not hinder the effect of the compatibilizer. Only 20% decrease in notched Izod impact strength of the blends is observed at 7.5 vol % ionomer content, suggesting that the addition of 25 wt % of HDPE to PA66 is not detrimental at this level of compatibilization. The emulsification curve was established and revealed that, in terms of impact properties, the finer the particle size, the higher the impact strength corresponding to 7.5 vol % ionomer content. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1748–1760, 2005     

少量PS对H-PVC/CPE/PE共混体系性能的影响

本文研究了在H-PVC/CPE/PE共混体系中添加少量刚性有机粒子PS对体系性能的影响。在PVC/CPE/未交联PE的配比为100/6/5时,添加少量(1～3份)PS粒子,能使体系的冲击强度成倍增加,拉伸强度基本不变。在PVC/CPE/动态微交联PE的配比为100/6/5时,添加少量PS粒子,出现与PS改性PVC/CPE/未交联PE体系类同的规律性,并且效果更好,冲击强度可高达86kJ/m~2,拉伸强度最高达48MPa。共混方式对PVC/CPE/PE/PS体系的性能影响较大,其中以四步法的效果最佳,不仅冲击强度提高幅度最大,拉伸强度也达到了最大值。     

SEBS接枝MAH改性PA6物理性能研究

研究了PA6/SEBS和PA6/SEBS-g-MAH共混体系与PA6/SEBS/SEBS-g-MAH三元共混体系的力学性能与流变性能变化。结果表明,采用SEBS增韧尼龙6,控制SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH的比例,在SEBS总量为20%时能够制得超韧性的尼龙6,缺口冲击强度可达到90kJ/m2以上。PA6/SEBS表现出不相容共混体系的流变行为,PA6/SEBS-g-MAH共混体系高于共混物中任一组分的粘度,反映出共混后增强了两相的界面相互作用。三元共混体系的粘度表现为SEBS和SEBS-g-MAH共同作用结果。     

Improvement of polyamide/thermoplastic polyurethane blends with polyamide 6-polyurethane copolymer prepared via suspension polymerization as compatibilizer

The polyamide 6-polyurethane copolymer (PA6-b-PU-b-PA6) was synthesized through anionic suspension polymerization and then mixed with polyamide 6/thermoplastic polyurethane (PA6/TPU) and polyamide 6, 6/thermoplastic polyurethane (PA66/TPU) blends using as the compatibilizer. The results show that the PA6-b-PU-b-PA6 copolymers powders several can be obtained through suspension polymerization using dimethicone as disperse medium. The average diameter of PA6-b-PU-b-PA6 copolymer powders decreased with the increasing of PU content. With the addition of PA6-b-PU-b-PA6, the TPU phase dispersed more uniformly in PA6 or PA66 matrix, and the size of TPU dispersed phase decreased obviously. The PA6-b-PU-b-PA6 copolymer with higher PU content shows better compatibilizing effect. Addition of PA6-b-PU-b-PA6 can improve both strength and toughness of the PA/TPU blends. When the amount of PA6-PU25% copolymer was 5 phr, the tensile strength and notched impact strength of PA6/TPU/PA6-PU25% blends increased 29 and 159.4%, respectively, compared to the PA6/TPU blend without compatibilizer.