真空压铸工艺与锌合金高真空压铸技术研究

近年来,真空压铸技术在国内外得到了广泛的应用,目前国外高真空压铸的方法主要有3种,分别是来自德国的Vacural法和MFT（MinimumFillTime）,以及来自日本的vaccumGolveBox法,国内学者也研制出了各种真空压铸方法。在真空压铸技术领域中,重点要解决是模具密封与真空截止阀的问题,本文总结了目前实际应用中的各种真空压铸方法与工艺,探讨了真空压铸技术在实际运用过程中面临的主要问题,并在此基础上开发设计了具有自主知识产权的锌合金高真空压铸造工艺法。     

真空压铸的型腔气体排气理论分析

真空压铸能有效减少铸件内的气孔缺陷,提高铸件的致密度。将型腔内的气体快速排出是真空压铸技术的关键,也直接影响真空压铸件的质量。通过分析气体在真空排气管路中的流动物理过程,研究影响型腔真空度的主要工艺因素,提出使型腔快速达到高真空度的最优化工艺参数方案。结果表明,大截面、短距离的排气通道、大抽气速度,小抽气容积有利于型腔快速达到高真空度。     

不同慢压射速度条件下AZ91D镁合金的真空辅助压铸

对不同慢压射速度条件下真空辅助对AZ91D镁合金压铸件组织及力学性能的影响进行了评估。在联合有自行改进的TOYO真空系统的TOYO BD-350V5型冷室压铸机上制备片状AZ91D镁合金压铸件。研究发现,充型时型腔真空压力随着慢压射速度的升高呈现3次方增长,导致真空辅助对压铸件中气孔的降低能力随着慢压射速度的降低而下降。常规和真空压铸件中压室预结晶组织（ESC）含量随着慢压射速度的变化趋势相似。在较低慢压射速度时,真空压铸件拉伸性能受ESC含量的影响很大,随着慢压射速度的升高,真空压铸件中气孔含量的影响将变得显著。     

Gas content in high pressure die castings

This paper presents the results of a quantitative study of the gas level in various types of castings from the high pressure die casting (HPDC) process using a vacuum fusion method. It was found that the major part of the gas was from the air entrapment during cavity filling. Other sources such as air entrapment during ladling, residual die lubricant and quenching water were also noticeable. Measurements of a large casting and castings from a multi-cavity die showed that the gas content was unevenly distributed. The modified vacuum fusion method has been proved to be a valuable tool for evaluating and quantifying the level of gas in castings as well as for an assessment of the influence of different process parameters on gas evolution in castings.     

真空压铸中型腔真空压力的理论计算及试验研究

针对真空压铸中型腔真空压力的下降规律进行了理论计算和试验研究。针对具体的真空系统进行了型腔排气理论曲线和实测曲线的对比,验证了这种计算方法的可行性,指出了真空压铸为了达到理想的型腔真空压力对于低速工艺选择的限制要求,并提出了一种通过计算理论排气时间来对真空系统设计和低速工艺制定进行优化的方法。     

State of the Art Treatment of Non-Ferrous Castings 3-in-l Heat Treatment Systems Combine Foundry Processes

1.Aluminum Casting Production Now andThenIt is well known that the reduction of the total weightof an automobile leads to a reduction in fuelconsumption(about0.5liters of100kilometers).Thisimproved fuel economy also reduces the CO2emissionsreleased into the atmosphere.As the size of vehicleshas grown,the overall weight has had to be decreased.The automotive industry is therefore using more andlighter metal components in order to reduce fuelconsumption and lower emissions.Production of cylin…     

State of the Art Treatment of Non-Ferrous Castings 3-in-1 Heat Treatment Systems Combine Foundry Processes

The interior of a high-pressure die-casting is of an unsatisfactory quality. Engine blocks made with this die casting process show lower specific engine performance. Pressure die-casting can hardly be heat treated for obvious reasons PSM (Precision Sand Molds) process uses sand and organic binder to generate a mold and even allows the manufacturing of complex diesel engine blocks in aluminum alloys. Combined technologies are available for semi-permanent mold castings with cores and castings made in Precision Sand Molds with organic binders. Castings are placed into the special heat treatment furnace immediately after pouting without the operations in stand alone machinery. This patented Sand Lion^R 3-in-1 technology processes hot castings and carries out three (3) foundry processes simultaneously in one (1) automated machine: 1) De-coring and sand removal; 2) Thermal sand reclamation; 3) Solution heat treatment of castings. The combination of several main casting processes is reflected in significant reductions of energy consumption, of production costs, and improving the quality of the castings. Audits in foundries using the 3-in-1 process showed an average reduction in production costs of more than 30%.     

带内斜滑块脱螺纹机构的压铸模

铸件螺纹脱模是压铸模设计的难点之一。本文铸件内部有三等分的部分内螺纹,设计了内斜滑块脱螺纹机构。内斜滑块在推杆作用下推出铸件的同时,沿动模型芯导滑槽向内移动并脱出螺纹。论述了模具工作原理,并且通过胀型力的计算选择了压铸机,给出了工艺参数。模具工作可靠,生产效率高,成形工件满足质量要求。     

齿条-锥齿轮旋出外螺纹铸件的压铸模

铸件带有完整的外螺纹,脱外螺纹机构的设计是该压铸模设计的难点.为此给出了齿条-锥齿轮脱外螺纹机构.通过齿轮啮合传动,带动螺纹型芯旋转,铸件在浇口余料的限制下静止不转,故脱离螺纹型芯.论述了铸件的工艺性,给出了模具的工作原理和工作过程.     

压铸技术在镁合金中的应用和发展

镁合金在汽车工业、电子工业及民用各个领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文总结了镁合金半固态压铸、真空压铸等压铸新技术的发展;对压铸机选择、工艺参数设置、浇注系统设计等压铸关键技术进行了分析,并提出只有在熔炼技术与压铸技术结合方面进一步完善,才能进一步扩大镁合金压铸的应用领域。     

压室压射对压铸充型流场影响的研究

为了考察压室压射过程对压铸充型过程金属液流动形态的影响,基于SOLA-VOF算法开发了包含压室在内的压射全过程充型模拟程序和料饼处直接充填模拟程序。并采用这两套程序分别模拟了阶梯块压铸件的充型过程,结果表明:浇道和型腔内的初始流动形态会随压室慢压射过程工艺参数的变化而改变,采用压射全程模拟更能准确的反映金属液在压室内、浇道内和型腔内的流动形态。     

真空压铸中高真空排气阀与薄片通道式排气阀的排气性能对比

利用自制盒状压铸试验模具,在650t冷室压铸机上,对传统的薄片通道式真空排气阀及高真空排气阀空压射动作的型腔背压进行了测量。在压射冲头静止状态下,对型腔的最大真空度等排气阀性能参数进行了试验测量,并系统研究了不同的真空压铸模具密封工艺对型腔内实际达到真空度的影响。分别利用两种不同的排气阀进行了A383铝合金的真空压铸,针对铸件上不同位置的密度进行了取样分析,对两种排气阀的排气性能以及应用于真空压铸工艺的可行性进行了评估。     

铝合金变速箱外壳压铸模设计及工艺分析

针对铝合金铸件在压铸充填过程中常伴有气孔、缩孔、冷隔等缺陷的现象,以汽车铝合金变速箱外壳为例,分析变速箱外壳的结构特征,对其浇注系统、冷却系统、抽芯结构进行设计,确定最佳工艺参数,经过试验与分析,最终经过实际压铸生产验证,确定了工艺方案的合理性。结果表明:当定模温度为200℃、动模为220℃、铝液浇注温度为670℃、慢压射速度为0.18 m/s、快压射速度为4.5 m/s、内浇道的压射速度为48 m/s、留模时间为30 s时,铸件成形品质较好。合理压铸工艺设计不仅能提高生产效率以及产品的合格率,还能简化模具设计制造流程,减少模具开发成本。     

轿车底盘铝合金后副车架的压铸技术开发

针对广汽自主品牌"传祺"轿车的底盘铝合金后副车架压铸零件,从压铸合金的力学性能、压铸工艺设计及优化、模具设计及制造、铸件质量控制等方面进行了开发和研究。结果表明,采用耐热密封结构的高真空压铸模具具有良好的密封性能,可靠性高。多区域的温度测量及冷却水流量的实时调节提高了模具温度控制的精度。通过对工艺参数的优化,有效消除了铸件缺陷如裂纹、冷隔、缩孔、缩松等。开发的铝合金后副车架的铸件本体抗拉强度≥240MPa,屈服强度≥145MPa,伸长率≥6%,满足了"传祺"轿车的的使用要求。     

压铸铝合金工艺与性能研究

以A380压铸铝合金为研究对象,设计了压铸工艺参数,通过密度测定、力学性能测试和金相观察,分析了压铸工艺参数对铸件性能的影响.研究表明,压力增加,铸件的密度和强度增加;压力一定时,压铸速度对铸件的力学性能有较大影响.使用改进的工艺,铸件抗拉强度达到365 MPa.伸长率达4.2％.     

半固态流变压铸铝合金件疲劳性能研究

对比研究了液态压铸和半固态流变压铸对ZL114A铝合金铸件疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,半固态流变压铸件相较于传统液态压铸件疲劳性能更好而且更稳定。液态压铸件的疲劳寿命主要受孔洞尺寸影响,孔洞尺寸越大,疲劳寿命越低。半固态压铸件的疲劳寿命主要受密度(孔隙率)影响,与密度成正比。半固态压铸ZL114A铝合金试样在密度大于2.62g/cm^3时,疲劳性能表现良好。在70MPa应力下,疲劳寿命可达107次。液态压铸件裂纹萌生于大的气缩孔,半固态压铸件的裂纹萌生是于中心缩松多孔的综合作用结果。     

感应式高真空压铸模设计

在压铸生产过程中,铸件成型受到充填时间的限制,所以必须使用高速高压充型。在合金液凝固之前将其充满型腔才能保证铸件成型。在充型过程中,模具型腔内有部分气体来不及排放,以致使铸件内部形成气孔。本文介绍了感应式高真空压铸模具设计的要点,它是有效提高铸件质量的方法之一,供大家参考。     

复杂零件半固态压铸充型过程的计算机仿真

使用二次开发的ANSYS有限元软件，对铝合金半固态压铸复杂件的充型与模具内浇道形貌之间关系进行详细的计算机仿真。首先对仿真模型进行了合理的简化处理，然后分别模拟和分析了压铸速度及浆料粘度等主要工艺参数对压铸件质量的影响，进而对半固态模具的内浇道进行改进。X射线探伤证实，铝合金半固态压铸造模具的内浇道是影响其性能的关键因素，同时也表明，文中提出的简化仿真模型可以较好地仿真铝合金复杂件半固态压铸造过程。     

Characterization of A390 aluminum alloy produced at different slow shot speeds using vacuum assisted high pressure die casting

The effects of vacuum assistance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast A390 alloy at different slow shot speeds were evaluated. Plate-shaped specimens of hypereutectic A390 aluminum alloy were produced on a TOYO BD-350V5 cold chamber die casting machine incorporated with a self-improved TOYO vacuum system. According to the results, the vacuum pressure inside the die cavity increased linearly with the increasing slow shot speed at the beginning of mold filling. Meanwhile, tensile properties of vacuum die castings were deteriorated by the porosity content. In addition, the average primary silicon size decreased from 23 to 14 µm when the slow shot speed increased from 0.05 to 0.2 m/s, which has a binary functional relationship with the slow shot speed. After heat treatment, microstructural morphologies revealed that needle-shaped and thin-flaked eutectic silicon particles became rounded while Al₂Cu dissolved into α(Al) matrix. Furthermore, the fractography revealed that the fracture mechanism has evolved from brittle transgranular fracture to a fracture mode with many dimples after heat treatment.     

镁合金半固态流变压铸充型流动过程分析

通过压铸实验分析了镁合金半固态流变压铸、液态压铸充型流动过程.结果表明,镁合金半固态流变压铸和液态压铸充型流动过程相似;相同充型条件下,半固态流变压铸卷气现象较少,压铸件质量优于液态压铸.同时,内浇道充型速度和内浇道尺寸对压铸件充填过程影响很大,合理的设置可以减少涡流和卷气,得到高质量的压铸件.