Ti/Ir0.4Sn0.6O2电极材料的电容性能

为了得到高比电容的电极材料,采用热分解法制备了不同温度下Ti/Ir0.4Sn0.6O2电极材料。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安法(CV)分别测试了该材料的晶体结构、表面形貌和电化学特性。结果表明:涂层的晶化温度高于360℃。320℃退火的电极表面有很多白色小颗粒析出,其活性氧化物较多。比电容受热处理影响较大,在280℃时电容值很小,可逆性低,320℃退火的电极比电容为454 F/g。该电极随着充放电循环次数的增加,比电容增加,经过9000次循环后,比电容才开始下降,经历10000次循环充放电后的比电容为493 F/g,比未经循环时还大10%。     

纳米Ni(OH)_2/Ni-Ti-O纳米管阵列复合电极的制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

阳极氧化NiTi合金板获得了Ni-Ti-O纳米管阵列(NTOs),并将其在氢气气氛中加热至500℃还原处理2 h。采用简单的溶盐浸渍法,将Ni(OH)_2纳米颗粒负载在NTOs上制备Ni(OH)_2/NTOs/Ni Ti复合电极。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和循环伏安法(CV)表征电极的表面形貌、电极表面的元素价态和其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能。研究了不同浸渍时间和Ni源浓度等工艺参数对电极微观形貌和电催化氧化性能的影响。结果表明:随着浸渍时间的延长和Ni源浓度的增加,电极上负载的催化纳米颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,氧化峰电流密度先升后降。在25℃时,将NTOs依次浸渍在0.2 mol/L NiCl_2·6H_2O乙醇溶液和0.2 mol/L NH_4OH乙醇溶液中各12 h后,可得到电催化性能良好的纳米Ni(OH)_2/NTOs电极,氧化峰电流密度达到38.41 m A·cm~(-2)。经1000次循环后,电极峰电流密度为原来的75.7%,表明纳米Ni(OH)_2/NTOs电极有良好的循环稳定性。     

纳米Ni(OH)2/Ni-Ti-O 纳米管阵列复合电极的制备及其对甲醇的催化氧化性能

阳极氧化NiTi合金板获得了Ni-Ti-O 纳米管阵列（NTOs）,并将其加热至500℃在氢气气氛中还原处理2h。采用简单的溶盐浸渍法,将Ni(OH)2纳米颗粒负载在NTOs上制备Ni(OH)2/NTOs/NiTi复合电极。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和循环伏安法（CV）表征电极的表面形貌、电极表面的元素价态和其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能。研究了不同浸渍时间和Ni源浓度等工艺参数对电极微观形貌和电催化氧化性能的影响。结果表明：随着浸渍时间的延长和Ni源浓度的增加,电极上负载的催化纳米颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,氧化峰电流密度先增后降。在25oC时,将NTOs依次浸渍在0.2M NiCl2?6H2O乙醇溶液和0.2M NH4OH乙醇溶液中各12h后,可得到电催化性能良好的纳米Ni(OH)2/NTOs电极,氧化峰电流达到38.41 mA?cm-2。经1000次循环后,电极峰电流密度为原来的75%,表明纳米Ni(OH)2/NTOs电极有良好的循环稳定性,可成为有前景的DMFC的阳极电极候选材料。     

成分配比对RuO2-Ta2O5二元氧化物电容性能的影响

采用热分解法制备了不同Ru/Ta配比的Ti/RuO2-Ta2O5二元混合氧化物电极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安(CV)及恒流充放电测试分析了Ti/RuO2-Ta2O5电极的组织结构、伏安特性和恒流充放电性能。结果表明,随氧化钽含量的升高,RuO2-Ta2O5涂层的结晶程度逐渐下降,当Ta2O5含量≥70mol%时,RuO2-Ta2O5混合氧化物完全以非晶态结构存在。Ti/RuO2-Ta2O5电极的比电容随Ta2O5含量的增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势。在Ta2O5含量为70mol%时,电极具有较好的超电容性能,比电容达到621.2F·g-1。     

IrO2-SnO2涂层电极材料的电容性能研究

通过热分解法在Ti基体上制备了不同Sn含量的IrO2-SnO2涂层。采用循环伏安(CV),恒流充放电和透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法分析了涂层的电容性能和组织结构的关系。结果表明,所制备的IrO2-SnO2涂层电极的比电容随Sn含量的增加呈先增后减的变化,电极材料的可逆性和快速充放电性能逐渐得到改善。在Sn含量为70mol%时,有最大的比电容值485.07F/g。该涂层以非晶态结构为主,其中含有尺寸分布均匀,大小约1nm的微晶,增大了活性点的面积,比纯IrO2电极的比电容提高了7.5倍。     

不同活性炭对锌溴液流电池正极性能的影响

选取了椰壳类、生物质类及酚醛树脂类3种不同的活性炭,以导电塑料为基体,通过热压工艺制备了表面涂层。采用比表面积测试法(BET)及气体吸附法-密度函数理论(DFT)测试并计算了不同活性炭的比表面积及孔径分布;在扫描电镜下(SEM)观察了不同涂层的表面形貌,通过循环伏安曲线(CV)分析,线性极化曲线(LSV)分析及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析等一系列电化学方法,得到了涂层的比电容、峰电流、极化过电位及反应电阻等电化学参数,研究了不同活性炭涂层作为锌溴液流电池正极材料其涂层结构、比表面积对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明:生物质类活性炭涂层较椰壳和酚醛树脂类涂层具有更大的比表面积,酚醛树脂类活性炭制备的涂层较椰壳及生物质类活性炭具有更小的反应电阻,综合来看,生物质类活性炭涂层表现出更优的电化学活性。     

硫化钴多孔疏松纳米针束阵列超级电容器电极材料在泡沫镍基底上的原位合成及电化学性能研究

在导电泡沫镍基底上通过一种简便的离子交换反应原位合成出了硫化钴多孔疏松纳米针束阵列并直接用作超级电容器的电极。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对其结构和形貌进行了详细的表征。同时运用循环伏安(CV)、计时电位分析(CP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法对其在3 mol/L KOH电解液中的电化学性能进行了分析,结果表明这种在泡沫镍基底上原位生长出的Co9S8多孔疏松纳米针捆束阵列在4 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下具有高达1400 F·g-1的比电容和优异的循环稳定性能。这种电极材料之所以具有如此优秀的电化学性能,主要归因于Co9S8纳米针捆束阵列的多孔疏松结构与3D泡沫镍基底之间的协同效应可以有效的增加电极材料与电解液之间的接触面积和提高整个电极的导电性。     

改性纳米多孔铜在超级电容器中的应用初探

超级电容器是一类电化学能量储存装置,被广泛应用于混合动力汽车、新能源收集转换、大功率工程机械和移动电子设备等领域。超级电容器的电极材料要求具备有效可控的多孔结构和比表面积,合理的孔径分布以及良好的导电性和易成型。纳米多孔铜是一类具有高导电性、高比表面积、孔径可控以及良好电容特性的多孔材料,可作为超级电容器的集流体负载更多的活性物质,进而大大提高超级电容器的能量密度。此外,改性纳米多孔铜可增强多孔铜基底的物化稳定性并且保留了更多活性位点,为超级电容器的电极可控设计提供了一定的思路。     

钛基RuO2-Ta2O5涂层电极材料的电容性能分析

采用热分解方法在钛基体上制备了(36%)RuO2-(64%)Ta2O5混合氧化物涂层。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)以及恒流充放电测试研究了涂层电极的组织结构、表面形貌以及电容性能。结果表明:(36%)RuO2-(64%)Ta2O5涂层以非晶氧化物为基体,带有少量纳米微晶RuO2的组织结构。在酸性溶液中,在50～900 mV/s的扫描速度下,Ti/(36%)RuO2-(64%)Ta2O5涂层电极的伏安曲线都具有近似矩形形状,表现出良好的电容特性和功率特性。以5 mA/cm2和10 mA/cm2放电,比电容分别为525.5 F/g和495.1 F/g。在经历2000次循环充放电后,电极的电荷储存能力仍未衰减,显示其优异的循环稳定性。     

超级电容器氧化锰电极电容特性研究

利用高锰酸钾和硫酸锰溶液之间的化学共沉淀法制备出氧化锰作为超级电容器的活性电极材料。通过循环伏安法和恒流充放电法,研究了不同热处理温度获得的氧化锰电极,不同循环次数以及不同放电电流条件下,在1mol／LNa2SO4水溶液中的电容特性。结果表明,经低温处理的氧化锰在电位窗口为-0．2～ 0．8V(VSSCE)范围内,表现出典型的电容行为。其中经45℃和80℃处理的氧化锰在放电电流为7．32mA／cm^2条件下,比容量分别为147．97F／g和112．26F／g。80℃处理的氧化锰电极循环性能较好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.